Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hans Becker, Edmund J. F. Dickinson, Xuekun Lu, Ulf Bexell, Sebastian Proch, Claire Moffatt, Mikael Stenstrom, Graham Smith, Gareth Hinds
Summary: A physicochemical model of electrochemical potential distribution in a proton exchange membrane water electrolyser (PEMWE) stack is developed to understand the corrosive potential at the anode bipolar plate (BPP) and porous transport layer (PTL). The model predictions suggest that cheaper materials can be used instead of highly corrosion-resistant materials, which would significantly reduce the cost of green hydrogen.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Taffe Patrick
Summary: This study further extends a methodology proposed by Lin et al. (2002) and later extended by Stevens et al. (2017, 2018) on assessing the agreement between measurement methods. The methodology relaxes strong assumptions about the distribution of latent traits and introduces inference methods for computing pointwise and simultaneous confidence bands. It performs well even with limited measurements and offers a more direct assessment of agreement compared to previous methods.
STATISTICAL METHODS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Liang Chen, Zhongxin Liang, Shixuan Shao, Qianqian Huang, Kechao Tang, Ru Huang
Summary: By combining DPC-STEM and EDS analysis, the migration of oxygen vacancies and the evolution of the built-in field in ferroelectric HfO2 have been directly observed for the first time. The wake-up effect is caused by the homogenization of oxygen vacancy distribution and weakening of the vertical built-in field, while the fatigue effect is related to charge injection and transverse local electric field enhancement. This work clarifies the core mechanism of the wake-up and fatigue effects, which is important for the optimization of ferroelectric memory devices.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Alexander Tabascio, Ignacio Tiznado-Aitken, Darnel Harris, Steven Farber
Summary: Cycling is seen as a desirable mode of transport in Toronto due to its environmental, economic, and social benefits. However, compared to western European cities, cycling remains relatively low in popularity. This study evaluates the potential for cycling in Toronto and finds that it can be a viable option for many individuals and trip purposes, especially for short and medium-length trips. The provision of a convenient cycling network and urban form are crucial factors that influence cycling uptake, especially in suburban areas.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniel Molina-Soberanes, Virginia Martinez-Ruiz, Daniel Aguila Gordo, Luis Miguel Martin-delosReyes, Mario Rivera-Izquierdo, Pablo Lardelli-Claret
Summary: This study aims to investigate the effect of cycling area on the association between helmet use and the risk of death in cyclists. The results suggest that cycling area may act as a confounder and effect modifier of cyclists' risk of death after a crash.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Gang-Hua Deng, Quansong Zhu, Jaclyn Rebstock, Tomaz Neves-Garcia, L. Robert Baker
Summary: The electrochemical conversion of CO2 has the potential to reduce CO2 emissions and store chemical energy, but the competition between CO2 reduction (CO2R) and the H-2 evolution reaction (HER) hinders its efficient conversion in aqueous solution. This study employs vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy to directly probe the interfacial species produced during competing HER/CO2R on Au electrodes, and distinguishes between HER mechanisms based on water reduction and HCO3- reduction.
Article
Surgery
Annasha Vyas, Areg Grigorian, Catherine M. Kuza, Matthew Dolich, Victor Joe, Theresa Chin, Jeffry Nahmias
Summary: The study found that helmeted bicycle riders have a higher risk of cervical spine fracture and injury, while non-helmeted riders have a higher risk of severe head injury and mortality in collisions. Therefore, consideration for a universal helmet law among bicyclists is needed to improve safety.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xin Gong, R. Kramer Campen, Yujin Tong
Summary: Surface-specific vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy (VSF) was used to study the (de)protonation process of DMAP(H+) on a polycrystalline gold electrode at neutral pH. The results suggest that potential-induced (de)protonation occurs at relatively low potentials and that there is a horizontal-to-vertical phase transition only at more positive biases.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Giuseppe Longo-Minnolo, Daniela Vanella, Simona Consoli, Salvatore Pappalardo, Juan Miguel Ramirez-Cuesta
Summary: The availability of precipitation data is crucial for various applications in climate, hydrology, and agriculture. This study combined alternative data sources, such as interpolation methods and ERA5-Land reanalysis data, to improve spatially distributed precipitation estimates in the Simeto river basin in Eastern Sicily, Italy. The use of Natural Neighbour interpolation method resulted in the best monthly precipitation predictions. Radial Basis Functions and Inverse Distance Weighting provided higher accuracy for winter, autumn, spring, and summer seasons, respectively. The ERA5-Land precipitation estimates underestimated the actual precipitation, but the accuracy was significantly improved when corrected with local observations. The estimation errors were positively correlated with altitude variation in the study area. These findings highlight the importance of using alternative precipitation data sources and adjusting for local microclimatic conditions.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elma Omeragic, Mirza Dedic, Alisa Elezovic, Ervina Becic, Belma Imamovic, Nebojsa Kladar, Haris Niksic
Summary: This study assessed the skin sensitization potential of commercial essential oils and found that all oils, except for Mentha longifoliae aetheroleum, may have the potential to cause skin sensitization.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Minsu Kim, Gihun Kwon, Wan-Gil Jung, Yunji Choi, Bong-Joong Kim, Hyunjoo Lee
Summary: Ex-solution from a ceria-based nanodomain is an effective method to prepare metal nanoparticle catalysts with a large surface area and excellent durability for gas-phase reactions at high temperatures. Rh nanoparticles ex-solved from Rh-doped ceria nanodomains showed high resistance against sintering and coke formation during the propane steam reforming process at 700 degrees C.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Sarah M. Huskisson, Christina R. Doelling, Stephen R. Ross, Lydia M. Hopper
Summary: The study found that the presence of zoo visitors did not have a significant impact on the Japanese macaques' participation rates and task accuracy, but their response latencies were significantly faster when visitors were present. The macaques tended to complete most of their trials when small crowds of 1-20 visitors were present.
APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jenny W. Sun, Rui Wang, Dongdong Li, Sengwee Toh
Summary: Pharmacoepidemiologic studies conducted within linked databases need to address potential selection bias to avoid biased estimates.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Lingqi Zeng, Xinan Yue, Changhai Ke, Feng Ding, Biqiang Zhao, Baiqi Ning
Summary: The development of SYISR-8 prototype system successfully verified the functions of the radar and achieved meteor echo detection, observing 55 meteor echo events including potential direct meteoroid fragmentation cases.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Fangfei Luo, Kentaro Toyoki, Chiharu Mitsumata, Jiaqi Shen, Ryoichi Nakatani, Yu Shiratsuchi
Summary: The study investigates the stochastic processes of magnetization reversal through time-lapse magnetic domain observations. It is found that the nucleation probability of the magnetic domain increases exponentially with the DC field, following a Poisson process. Moreover, the propagation of the domain wall exhibits a creep motion and is temperature-dependent.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2023)