A comprehensive review on the treatment approaches of multiple sclerosis: currently and in the future

Immunomodulatory function of Treg-derived exosomes is impaired in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

(2018) Maryam Azimi et al.   IMMUNOLOGIC RESEARCH

Promoter hypermethylation of BCL11B gene correlates with downregulation of gene transcription in ankylosing spondylitis patients

(2017) J Karami et al.   GENES AND IMMUNITY

Epigenetic involvement in etiopathogenesis and implications in treatment of systemic lupus erythematous

(2017) Arron Munggela Foma et al.   INFLAMMATION RESEARCH

IRF7 gene expression profile and methylation of its promoter region in patients with systemic sclerosis

(2017) Ramazan Rezaei et al.   International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases

An interleukin 12 B single nucleotide polymorphism increases IL-12p40 production and is associated with increased disease susceptibility in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

(2017) Mohammad Reza Javan et al.   NEUROLOGICAL RESEARCH

Daclizumab: Development, Clinical Trials, and Practical Aspects of Use in Multiple Sclerosis

(2017) Laura E. Baldassari et al.   Neurotherapeutics

Rituximab versus fingolimod after natalizumab in multiple sclerosis patients

(2016) Peter Alping et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Epigenetic alterations underlying autoimmune diseases

(2016) Saeed Aslani et al.   AUTOIMMUNITY

Rescue Therapy Using Rituximab for Multiple Sclerosis

(2016) Leticia Berenguer-Ruiz et al.   CLINICAL NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

Evaluation of DNMT1 gene expression profile and methylation of its promoter region in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

(2016) Saeed Aslani et al.   CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY

The future of multiple sclerosis treatments

(2016) Catalina Coclitu et al.   Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

Oral fingolimod in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (INFORMS): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

(2016) Fred Lublin et al.   LANCET

Immunoablation and autologous haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation for aggressive multiple sclerosis: a multicentre single-group phase 2 trial

(2016) Harold L Atkins et al.   LANCET

Safety and efficacy of the selective sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator ozanimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis (RADIANCE): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial

(2016) Jeffrey A Cohen et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

New insights toward the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis; genetic variations and epigenetic modifications

(2016) Mahdi Mahmoudi et al.   Modern Rheumatology

Haematopoietic stem cell transplants should be a second-line therapy for highly active MS – NO

(2016) Per Soelberg Sorensen   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Long-term effects of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis: Interim analysis of ENDORSE, a randomized extension study

(2016) Ralf Gold et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Haematopoietic stem cell transplants should be a second-line therapy for highly active MS – YES

(2016) Mark Freedman et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Cutaneous adverse events in multiple sclerosis patients treated with daclizumab

(2016) Irene Cortese et al.   NEUROLOGY

Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells Do Not Ameliorate Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Are Not Detectable in the Central Nervous System of Transplanted Mice

(2016) Pierre Abramowski et al.   STEM CELLS AND DEVELOPMENT

The future of multiple sclerosis treatments

(2016) Catalina Coclitu et al.   Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

Haematopoietic stem cell transplants should be a second-line therapy for highly active MS – NO

(2016) Per Soelberg Sorensen   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Long-term effects of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis: Interim analysis of ENDORSE, a randomized extension study

(2016) Ralf Gold et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Haematopoietic stem cell transplants should be a second-line therapy for highly active MS – YES

(2016) Mark Freedman et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Pooled safety and tolerability data from four placebo-controlled teriflunomide studies and extensions

(2016) Giancarlo Comi et al.   Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders

Insufficient disease inhibition by intrathecal rituximab in progressive multiple sclerosis

(2016) Mika Komori et al.   Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indometacin enhances endogenous remyelination

(2015) Anna Preisner et al.   ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA

Targeting Treg signaling for the treatment of autoimmune diseases

(2015) Allyson Spence et al.   CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY

Disease-modifying treatments for multiple sclerosis - a review of approved medications

(2015) Ø. Torkildsen et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

Glatiramer acetate: long-term safety and efficacy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

(2015) Aaron L Boster et al.   Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

Vitamin D receptor–retinoid X receptor heterodimer signaling regulates oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation

(2015) Alerie Guzman de la Fuente et al.   JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY

Oral Disease-Modifying Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis

(2015) Woojun Kim et al.   Journal of Clinical Neurology

Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interferon beta and glatiramer acetate in the UK Multiple Sclerosis Risk Sharing Scheme at 6 years: a clinical cohort study with natural history comparator

(2015) Jacqueline Palace et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Drug-based modulation of endogenous stem cells promotes functional remyelination in vivo

(2015) Fadi J. Najm et al.   NATURE

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in multiple sclerosis: A phase II trial

(2015) G. L. Mancardi et al.   NEUROLOGY

Lithium chloride stimulates PLP and MBP expression in oligodendrocytes via Wnt/β-catenin and Akt/CREB pathways

(2015) D. Meffre et al.   NEUROSCIENCE

Glatiramer acetate: long-term safety and efficacy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

(2015) Aaron L Boster et al.   Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

Immunomodulatory therapies for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: monoclonal antibodies, currently approved and in testing

(2015) Jessica Craddock et al.   Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology

Oral disease-modifying therapies for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

(2014) R. H. Thomas et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY

Lingo-1 Inhibited by RNA Interference Promotes Functional Recovery of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

(2014) Chun-Juan Wang et al.   Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology

Anti-JC virus antibody levels in serum or plasma further define risk of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

(2014) Tatiana Plavina et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis

(2014) Marta Radaelli et al.   Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports

Mode of action and clinical studies with alemtuzumab

(2014) Joanne L. Jones et al.   EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY

Laquinimod, an up-and-coming immunomodulatory agent for treatment of multiple sclerosis

(2014) Michel Varrin-Doyer et al.   EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY

Pharmacokinetic evaluation of fingolimod for the treatment of multiple sclerosis

(2014) Radu Tanasescu et al.   Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology

A randomized placebo-controlled phase III trial of oral laquinimod for multiple sclerosis

(2014) T. L. Vollmer et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

Daclizumab high-yield process in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (SELECTION): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind extension trial

(2014) Gavin Giovannoni et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Oral teriflunomide for patients with a first clinical episode suggestive of multiple sclerosis (TOPIC): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

(2014) Aaron E Miller et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Effect of oral cladribine on time to conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis in patients with a first demyelinating event (ORACLE MS): a phase 3 randomised trial

(2014) Thomas P Leist et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Oral teriflunomide for patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (TOWER): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

(2014) Christian Confavreux et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Unknown

(2014) Michael Chan et al.   MOLECULAR MEDICINE

Safety and efficacy of ofatumumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A phase 2 study

(2014) P. S. Sorensen et al.   NEUROLOGY

Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: The 2013 revisions

(2014) F. D. Lublin et al.   NEUROLOGY

Advances in the treatment of relapsing - Remitting multiple sclerosis

(2014) CrisS Constantinescu et al.   Biomedical Journal

Insufficient OPC migration into demyelinated lesions is a cause of poor remyelination in MS and mouse models

(2013) Amanda Boyd et al.   ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA

Human iPSC-Derived Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells Can Myelinate and Rescue a Mouse Model of Congenital Hypomyelination

(2013) Su Wang et al.   Cell Stem Cell

Requirement for safety monitoring for approved multiple sclerosis therapies: an overview

(2013) P. S. Rommer et al.   CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY

Dimethyl Fumarate for Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanism of Action, Effectiveness, and Side Effects

(2013) Ralf A. Linker et al.   Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports

Promoting Remyelination in Multiple Sclerosis—Recent Advances

(2013) E. Jolanda Münzel et al.   DRUGS

Drugs in Development for Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis

(2013) Rehiana Ali et al.   DRUGS

Oral BG-12 (dimethyl fumarate) for relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: a review of DEFINE and CONFIRM

(2013) Eva Havrdova et al.   EXPERT OPINION ON PHARMACOTHERAPY

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in multiple sclerosis

(2013) Dimitrios Karussis et al.   Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

Oligodendrocyte-microglia cross-talk in the central nervous system

(2013) Laura Peferoen et al.   IMMUNOLOGY

Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination as a Tool to Study Remyelination and Axonal Protection

(2013) Adib Zendedel et al.   JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE

Tocopherol Derivative TFA-12 Promotes Myelin Repair in Experimental Models of Multiple Sclerosis

(2013) B. Blanchard et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Fingolimod: Direct CNS effects of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulation and implications in multiple sclerosis therapy

(2013) Aran Groves et al.   JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES

Daclizumab high-yield process in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (SELECT): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

(2013) Ralf Gold et al.   LANCET

Siponimod for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (BOLD): an adaptive, dose-ranging, randomised, phase 2 study

(2013) Krzysztof Selmaj et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Teriflunomide versus subcutaneous interferon beta-1a in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: a randomised, controlled phase 3 trial

(2013) Patrick Vermersch et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Antigen-Specific Tolerance by Autologous Myelin Peptide-Coupled Cells: A Phase 1 Trial in Multiple Sclerosis

(2013) A. Lutterotti et al.   Science Translational Medicine

Risk-benefit considerations in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

(2013) Alessandra Lugaresi et al.   Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment

Epitope-specific immune tolerization ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

(2012) Rosario Billetta et al.   CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

Vorinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, suppresses dendritic cell function and ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

(2012) Zhenzhen Ge et al.   EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY

Alemtuzumab versus interferon beta 1a as first-line treatment for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial

(2012) Jeffrey A Cohen et al.   LANCET

Alemtuzumab for patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis after disease-modifying therapy: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial

(2012) Alasdair J Coles et al.   LANCET

Valproic acid ameliorates inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis rats

(2012) Z. Zhang et al.   NEUROSCIENCE

Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Study of Oral BG-12 for Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis

(2012) Ralf Gold et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Risk of Natalizumab-Associated Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

(2012) Gary Bloomgren et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

T Cell Vaccination Benefits Relapsing Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial

(2012) Dimitrios Karussis et al.   PLoS One

Laquinimod: a promising oral medication for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

(2011) Jan Thöne et al.   Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology

Mitoxantrone exerts both cytotoxic and immunoregulatory effects on activated microglial cells

(2011) Jun-Min Li et al.   IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY AND IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY

Insight into the mechanism of laquinimod action

(2011) W. Brück et al.   JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES

Ocrelizumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial

(2011) Ludwig Kappos et al.   LANCET

A randomized clinical trial of autologous T-cell therapy in multiple sclerosis: subset analysis and implications for trial design

(2011) Edward Fox et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Safety and tolerability of cladribine tablets in multiple sclerosis: the CLARITY (CLAdRIbine Tablets treating multiple sclerosis orallY) study

(2011) S Cook et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Randomized Trial of Oral Teriflunomide for Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis

(2011) Paul O'Connor et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Safety and Immunological Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

(2010) Dimitrios Karussis et al.   ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY

DNA-based vaccines for multiple sclerosis: Current status and future directions

(2010) Nicolas Fissolo et al.   CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

Oral Resveratrol Reduces Neuronal Damage in a Model of Multiple Sclerosis

(2010) Kenneth S Shindler et al.   JOURNAL OF NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY

Daclizumab in active relapsing multiple sclerosis (CHOICE study): a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, add-on trial with interferon beta

(2010) Daniel Wynn et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Cladribine in the treatment of hairy cell leukemia: initial and subsequent results

(2010) Edward Huynh et al.   LEUKEMIA & LYMPHOMA

Continuous long-term immunomodulatory therapy in relapsing multiple sclerosis: results from the 15-year analysis of the US prospective open-label study of glatiramer acetate

(2010) C. Ford et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Retinoid X receptor gamma signaling accelerates CNS remyelination

(2010) Jeffrey K Huang et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Oral Fingolimod in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis

(2010) Ludwig Kappos et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Oral Fingolimod or Intramuscular Interferon for Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis

(2010) Jeffrey A. Cohen et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Autologous T-Cell Vaccination for Multiple Sclerosis

(2009) Arthur A Vandenbark et al.   BIODRUGS

Amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by curcumin treatment through inhibition of IL-17 production

(2009) Lin Xie et al.   INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY

MicroRNA miR-326 regulates TH-17 differentiation and is associated with the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

(2009) Changsheng Du et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

LINGO-1 antagonists as therapy for multiple sclerosis:in vitroandin vivoevidence

(2008) Richard A Rudick et al.   EXPERT OPINION ON BIOLOGICAL THERAPY

The biology of CNS remyelination

(2008) Robin J. M. Franklin et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

B-Cell Depletion with Rituximab in Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

(2008) Stephen L. Hauser et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE