Review
Immunology
Rui Zhao, Sushan Luo, Chongbo Zhao
Summary: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder involving T cell-driven, B cell-mediated, and autoantibody-dependent responses against neuromuscular junctions (NMJ). Accumulating evidence suggests the involvement of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of MG, with potential mechanisms related to gene predisposition and viral infection-induced pathways in the Thymus and NMJ immune responses.
AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Stavros Garantziotis, Rashmin C. Savani
Summary: The extracellular matrix (ECM) is not only a structure but also plays key roles in cellular responses. Proteoglycans (PGs), a component of ECM, have been found to be crucial in both health maintenance and disease development by activating the innate immune system and influencing cell fate.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Cloe A. Payet, Axel You, Odessa-Maud Fayet, Nadine Dragin, Sonia Berrih-Aknin, Rozen Le Panse
Summary: Myasthenia gravis is a rare autoimmune disease associated with antibodies against components of the neuromuscular junction. An interferon type I signature is detected in the thymus of early-onset and thymoma-associated MG patients. IFN-I is normally produced in response to viral infection, but it is also present in some systemic autoimmune diseases known as interferonopathies.
Review
Immunology
Ryma Haroun, Sahar Naasri, Ayman J. Oweida
Summary: TLRs are essential for immune responses and can mediate inflammation by recognizing molecular patterns in pathogens and damaged cells. TLR ligands have gained attention in cancer research, especially in combination with cancer treatments like immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy (RT). However, the role of TLRs in cancer, particularly in response to radiation, is still poorly understood. This review examines how TLR signaling affects tumor response to RT and proposes a framework for TLR-based therapies with RT.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Antonios Lazaridis, Eleni Gavriilaki, Stella Douma, Eugenia Gkaliagkousi
Summary: Essential hypertension is a highly heterogeneous disease with a complex etiology, where subclinical inflammation and abnormal activation of TLR signaling play crucial roles in its pathogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katarzyna Wicherska-Pawlowska, Tomasz Wrobel, Justyna Rybka
Summary: The innate immune system recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), activating immune cells and initiating inflammatory and immune responses. This system also plays a role in cancer immunosurveillance, with potential for natural and synthetic agonists of PRRs to be used as adjuvants in cancer immunotherapies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Bettina Hoden, David DeRubeis, Margarita Martinez-Moczygemba, Kenneth S. Ramos, Dekai Zhang
Summary: Innate immune response mechanisms play a crucial role in lung cancer immunity and immunotherapy. TLR signaling can modulate the tumor microenvironment and enhance the immune sensitization of tumor cells to treatments.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Gyu Hwan Hyun, In Ho Cho, Yoon Young Yang, Da-Hye Jeong, Yun Pyo Kang, You-Sun Kim, Seul Ji Lee, Sung Won Kwon
Summary: This study investigates the immunological action of complex pectin by studying its interaction with Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The research shows that pectic heteropolysaccharides (HPSs) derived from terrestrial plant cell walls can bind to TLR4 and activate the immune response. The findings provide a better understanding of the interaction between complex carbohydrates and proteins.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Risa Tamagawa-Mineoka
Summary: The skin acts as a physical barrier and toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a role in both infectious and non-infectious inflammatory diseases. In atopic dermatitis (AD), skin barrier dysfunction allows stimuli to penetrate the skin and activate the innate immune system, leading to inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Karsten Eichholz, Tuan Hiep Tran, Coraline Cheneau, Thi Thu Phuong Tran, Oceane Paris, Martine Pugniere, Eric J. Kremer
Summary: This study examines the interactions between danger-associated molecular patterns and human adenoviruses and their impact on vaccines. The interaction between human adenoviruses and HNP-1 can modify the response of antigen-presenting cells, influencing vaccine efficacy. HNP-1 binds to the capsids of human adenoviruses and directs them to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), leading to internalization, inflammasome response, and IL-1β release.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Cassio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-da-Silva, Luiz Eduardo Baggio Savio, Robson Coutinho-Silva, David M. Ojcius
Summary: The innate immune system in vertebrates and invertebrates relies on conserved receptors and ligands, and pathways to initiate a rapid response against microbial infections and other sources of stress and danger. Research on NOD-like receptors (NLRs) has advanced in the past two decades, providing insight into the ligands and conditions that activate NLRs, as well as the outcomes of NLR activation in cells and animals. NLRs play crucial roles in diverse functions, such as transcription of MHC molecules and initiation of inflammation, and their activation can be direct or indirect depending on the ligands involved. Future discoveries will contribute to a better understanding of the molecular details and physiological consequences of NLR activation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Priscila Saamara Masin, Hugo Alves Visentin, Laise Nayana Sala Elpidio, Ana Maria Sell, Lorena Visentainer, Quirino Alves De Lima Neto, Joana Maira Valentini Zacarias, Patricia Couceiro, Andressa Higa Shinzato, Manuel Santos Rosa, Paulo Rodrigues-Santos, Jeane Eliete Laguila Visentainer
Summary: This study investigated the association between polymorphisms in TLR1 and TLR2 genes and susceptibility/protection against leprosy in southern Brazil. The results showed that certain genotypes in TLR1 and TLR2 were more frequent in the control group, suggesting a potential protective role against leprosy.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mahsa Jalili, Azita Hekmatdoost
Summary: Ω-3 long-chain fatty acids play a crucial role in regulating inflammation and the immune system, especially in pathogen recognition and downstream signaling pathways. They may exert anti-inflammatory effects by influencing lipid rafts, modulating cytokines, and receptors, among other pathways.
Article
Immunology
Peng Zhang, Chun-Lin Yang, Tong Du, Yu-Dong Liu, Meng-Ru Ge, Heng Li, Ru-Tao Liu, Cong-Cong Wang, Ying-Chun Dou, Rui-Sheng Duan
Summary: The study found that diabetes worsened clinical symptoms in EAMG rats by increasing antibody production, upregulating Tfh cells, promoting B cell activation, and shifting CD4(+) T cell differentiation towards Th1/Th17. Diabetes also affected innate immunity by altering CXCR5 expression on NK and NKT cells. Additionally, the upregulation of Tfh cells by AGEs in vitro suggested a potential mechanism for diabetes exacerbating immune responses in EAMG rats.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ping-Ping Sun, Dan Li, Meng Su, Qing Ren, Wen-Ping Guo, Jiang-Li Wang, Luan-Ying Du, Guang-Cheng Xie
Summary: This study investigated the effects of TLR1/2/4/6 monomers and TLR2 heterodimer on EV71 replication and innate immune activation. It was found that TLR monomers and TLR2 heterodimer inhibited EV71 replication and induced the production of IL-8. Additionally, the EV71 capsid proteins served as pathogen-associated molecular patterns for TLR monomers and TLR2 heterodimer, activating innate immunity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)