Article
Immunology
Mark A. Miles, Stella Liong, Felicia Liong, Madison Coward-Smith, Gemma S. Trollope, Osezua Oseghale, Jonathan R. Erlich, Robert D. Brooks, Jessica M. Logan, Shane Hickey, Hao Wang, Steven Bozinovski, John J. O'Leary, Doug A. Brooks, Stavros Selemidis
Summary: This study reveals the role of TLR7 in RSV infection, showing that it reduces viral titers in the upper respiratory tract but promotes pathogenic inflammation and hyperreactivity in the lower respiratory tract. This highlights the potential of TLR7 modulation to limit RSV pathology to the upper respiratory tract.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xizi Du, Yu Yang, Ming Yang, Lin Yuan, Leyuan Wang, Mengping Wu, Kai Zhou, Wenkai Li, Yang Xiang, Xiangping Qu, Huijun Liu, Xiaoqun Qin, Chi Liu
Summary: RSV infection is the main cause of bronchiolitis in children. In this study, it was found that decreased expression of ITGB4 (a protein) was negatively correlated with the level of MUC5AC (a mucin protein) in airway epithelial cells of children infected with RSV. Further experiments in RSV-infected mice showed that ITGB4 deficiency led to mucus hypersecretion and MUC5AC overexpression. Additionally, it was demonstrated that ITGB4 regulates MUC5AC expression through the EGFR/ERK/c-Jun pathway. These findings suggest that ITGB4 deficiency induces mucus hypersecretion and is associated with RSV-related lower respiratory tract infections.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Jennifer Simpson, Kirsten M. Spann, Simon Phipps
Summary: RSV infection of hAECs leads to early and late release of HMGB1. Early release is independent of cell death but can be attenuated by inhibiting MLKL. Early release promotes late release and cell death via activation of RAGE. Inhibition of MLKL or targeting the HMGB1/RAGE pathway can attenuate the release of pro-inflammatory HMGB1 and decrease viral load.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Xin Long, Jun Xie, Luo Ren, Guangyuan Yu, Enmei Liu, Yu Deng, Xiaoru Long
Summary: IL-17A has a significant role in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and is associated with respiratory system diseases in children and mice. CD3(+)CD4(+)T cells are its major cellular sources, and the IL-6/IL-21-IL-23R-ROR gamma t signaling pathway might participate in its regulation.
Article
Immunology
Sjanna B. Besteman, Emily Phung, Henriette H. M. Raeven, Gimano D. Amatngalim, Matevz Rumpret, Juliet Crabtree, Rutger M. Schepp, Lisa W. Rodenburg, Susanna G. Siemonsma, Nile Verleur, Rianne van Slooten, Karen Duran, Gijs van Haaften, Jeffrey M. Beekman, Lauren A. Chang, Linde Meyaard, Tjomme van der Bruggen, Guy A. M. Berbers, Nicole Derksen, Stefan Nierkens, Kaitlyn M. Morabito, Tracy J. Ruckwardt, Evelyn A. Kurt-Jones, Douglas Golenbock, Barney S. Graham, Louis J. Bont
Summary: This study identified an association between autosomal recessive CD14 deficiency and recurrent RSV bronchiolitis. The lack of CD14 function resulted in defective immune responses to RSV pre- and post-F protein.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Virology
Andrew R. Connelly, Brian M. Jeong, Mackenzie E. Coden, Jacob Y. Cao, Tatiana Chirkova, Christian Rosas-Salazar, Jacqueline-Yvonne Cephus, Larry J. Anderson, Dawn C. Newcomb, Tina Hartert, Sergejs Berdnikovs
Summary: The study found that RSV infection in infancy leads to lasting metabolic reprogramming of airway epithelial cells, characterized by significant increase in glucose uptake and altered preferences for metabolism of several carbon and energy sources, with male epithelium showing the most pronounced changes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jae Woo Lee, Mi Na Kim, Eun Gyul Kim, Ji Su Leem, Seung Min Baek, Min Jung Kim, Kyung Won Kim, Myung Hyun Sohn
Summary: Viral respiratory infections can cause lung diseases with inflammation. CHI3L1 protein may be involved in regulating inflammatory responses through the MAPK pathways in airway epithelial cells following viral infections.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Andjela Raduka, Nannan Gao, Robert L. Chatburn, Fariba Rezaee
Summary: The use of electronic cigarettes, especially among teenagers, has reached alarming levels and poses a significant threat to public health. This study found that the chemical components of e-cigarettes disrupt the airway epithelial barrier and worsen damage caused by respiratory syncytial virus. The results of this study will raise awareness of the adverse respiratory effects of e-cigarettes and have a positive impact on mitigating the e-cigarette epidemic.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Kavesha Parameswaran, Amiera Fatin Azman, Suet Lin Chia, Khatijah Yusoff, Saila Ismail
Summary: Inhibiting autophagy does not affect the production of innate cytokines in human lung epithelial cells during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection.
TROPICAL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Xiaoming Liu, Thi Hiep Nguyen, Leon Sokulsky, Xiang Li, Keilah Garcia Netto, Alan Chen-Yu Hsu, Chi Liu, Karen Laurie, Ian Barr, Hock Tay, Fiona Eyers, Paul S. Foster, Ming Yang
Summary: The study examined the inflammatory response to FLU, RV, and RSV infections in mice, finding that IL-17A is a common pathogenic molecule regulating diseases induced by the three prevalent respiratory viruses. Targeting the IL-17A pathway may offer a unified approach to treating these respiratory infections, alleviating inflammation-induced lesions and breathing difficulties.
Article
Physiology
Kempaiah Rayavara, Alexander Kurosky, Yashoda M. Hosakote
Summary: RSV-induced oxidative stress enhances the activation and release of TG2 from human lung epithelial cells through Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and NF-kappa B pathways. Antioxidant treatment inhibits RSV-induced TG2 extracellular release and activation by blocking viral replication. In addition, treatment with TG2 inhibitor reduces RSV-induced matrix metalloprotease activities in lung epithelial cells.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Wenkai Li, Xizi Du, Yu Yang, Lin Yuan, Ming Yang, Ling Qin, Leyuan Wang, Kai Zhou, Yang Xiang, Xiangping Qu, Huijun Liu, Xiaoqun Qin, Gelei Xiao, Chi Liu
Summary: The study revealed that miR-34b/miR-34c are involved in regulating mucus hypersecretion in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-infected airway epithelial cells by targeting FGFR1. This finding offers new potential strategies for treating excessive mucus secretion in RSV diseases.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dianhua Qiao, Melissa Skibba, Xiaofang Xu, Allan R. Brasier
Summary: Epithelial mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) is a complex cellular reprogramming event that plays a major role in tissue homeostasis. Recently, the unfolded protein response (UPR) was found to trigger EMP through the IRE1 alpha-XBP1s axis, enhancing glucose shunting to protein N glycosylation. By identifying the genomic targets of XBP1s using CUT&RUN, it was discovered that XBP1s peaks were located near various promoters of genes controlling Rho-GTPase signaling, N-linked glycosylation, and ER-Golgi transport. Moreover, the IRE1 alpha-XBP1s pathway was shown to regulate mesenchymal transcription factors and hexosamine biosynthesis in EMP by recruiting activated RNA Pol II to GC-rich promoters.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Xizi Du, Lin Yuan, Ye Yao, Yu Yang, Kai Zhou, Xinyu Wu, Leyuan Wang, Ling Qin, Wenkai Li, Yang Xiang, Xiangping Qu, Huijun Liu, Xiaoqun Qin, Ming Yang, Chi Liu
Summary: In this study, the involvement of ITGB4 in RSV infection and its effect on airway epithelial anti-RSV responses were investigated. The results showed that ITGB4 expression decreased during RSV infection, and ITGB4 deficiency worsened RSV infection and increased sensitivity to allergens in later life. Furthermore, it was found that IFN-λ suppression during RSV infection in ITGB4 deficient airway epithelial cells was regulated by IRF-1 through the phosphorylation of EGFR.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Kristina Johansson, Prescott G. Woodruff, Karl Mark Ansel
Summary: The airway epithelium is crucial for protection from inhaled pathogens and particles, but inflammatory diseases are often associated with failure of epithelial functions, leading to immune activation and tissue damage. MicroRNAs play a key role in cellular responses and disease prevention, with significant changes in epithelial miRNA expression in respiratory diseases.
IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2021)
