Review
Clinical Neurology
Effrosyni Koutsouraki, Koukoulidis Theodoros, Georgiadou Eleni, Kalampouka Marianna, Nikolaidou Areti, Koukoulidou Ariadni, Michmizos Dimitrios
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive disease affecting both the central nervous system (CNS) and autonomic nervous system (ANS), leading to a range of urological, sexual, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and thermoregulatory disorders as well as increased fatigue. The manifestations of ANS dysfunction in MS are often underestimated due to the non-specificity of symptoms and limited evaluation in clinical practice. The underlying mechanisms causing these disorders have yet to be fully investigated, hindering targeted etiological treatment. Early diagnosis and individualized treatment regimens, incorporating multiple approaches, have shown the best results in managing ANS dysfunction in MS patients.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Hans-Peter Hartung, Bruce A. C. Cree, Michael Barnett, Sven G. Meuth, Amit Bar-Or, Lawrence Steinman
Summary: Disease-modifying therapies for relapsing multiple sclerosis reduce relapse rates by suppressing peripheral immune cells but have limited efficacy in progressive forms of the disease. Cladribine and sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators could have beneficial direct central nervous system properties.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Zhiyuan Ning, Ying Liu, Daji Guo, Wei-Jye Lin, Yamei Tang
Summary: This article reviews the basic knowledge of NK cell biology and recent advances in their roles in the healthy CNS and pathological conditions. The authors highlight the interactions between NK cells and diverse cell types in the CNS, as well as the potential value of NK cells as novel therapeutic targets for CNS diseases.
CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Bardia Nourbakhsh, Christian Cordano, Carlo Asteggiano, Klemens Ruprecht, Carolin Otto, Alice Rutatangwa, Allysa Lui, Janace Hart, Eoin P. Flanagan, Judith A. James, Emmanuelle Waubant
Summary: In children with EBV seronegativity, a higher percentage have MOG antibodies, leading to a reconsideration of the diagnosis of MS. Clinicians should consider MOG-antibody disease as an alternative diagnosis to MS in children presenting with MS-like symptoms.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Bangqi Wang, Tianshu Fang, Hongping Chen
Summary: Zinc (Zn2+) is a crucial trace element in the human body, playing a critical role in various physiological processes. It is necessary for cellular proliferation, transcription, apoptosis, growth, immunity, and wound healing. Maintaining zinc homeostasis is vital for the central nervous system, where zinc is abundantly distributed and accumulates in presynaptic vesicles. Synaptic zinc is necessary for neural transmission and is involved in neurogenesis, cognition, memory, and learning. Disruption of zinc homeostasis is associated with several central nervous system disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, depression, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, epilepsy, and traumatic brain injury. This review explores the correlation between zinc and these disorders, providing potential mechanisms and new insights for prevention and treatment.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Laura Ghezzi, Bryan Bollman, Luca De Feo, Laura Piccio, Bruce D. Trapp, Robert E. Schmidt, Anne H. Cross
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a CNS demyelinating disease that often leads to unsuccessful remyelination and neuronal/axonal damage. While oligodendroglial cells are responsible for myelin production, remyelination by Schwann cells (SchC) has been observed in spinal cord demyelination. This study investigated the extent of SchC remyelination in the brain and spinal cords of autopsied MS specimens.
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Ivan Adamec, Magdalena Krbot Skoric, Mario Habek
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is traditionally considered a disease of the central nervous system (CNS), but emerging evidence suggests that it also affects the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Studies have shown signs of demyelination and functional involvement in the PNS of individuals with MS, particularly in the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Further research is needed to fully understand the frequency and significance of PNS involvement in MS.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alicia Weier, Michael Enders, Philipp Kirchner, Arif Ekici, Marc Bigaud, Christopher Kapitza, Juergen Woerl, Stefanie Kuerten
Summary: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Siponimod, the only approved drug for secondary progressive MS, acts on the peripheral immune system and does not have pronounced direct neuroprotective effects.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giuseppe Scalabrino
Summary: This review discusses the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the importance of remyelination failure. It summarizes the roles of epidermal growth factor (EGF), normal prions, and cobalamin in central nervous system myelinogenesis, as well as their alterations in MS patients.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ying Chen, Rui Li, Aimin Wu, Wei Qiu, Xueqiang Hu, Zhaoqi Hu, Qian Yang, Zhiming Zhou
Summary: This study found differences in MRI characteristics of deep gray matter lesions between multiple sclerosis (MS) and primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS), particularly in terms of lesion size and affected regions such as the thalamus and basal ganglia.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Simona Perga, Francesca Montarolo, Serena Martire, Brigitta Bonaldo, Gabriele Bono, Jessica Bertolo, Roberta Magliozzi, Antonio Bertolotto
Summary: Recent evidence suggests that A20, an anti-inflammatory enzyme, is highly expressed in brain tissues of MS patients, especially in active lesions, indicating its crucial role in chronic inflammation in multiple sclerosis pathology.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaohua Dong, Shuchen Sun, Jie Li, Sen Shen, Wanting Chen, Tongqi Li, Xinyuan Li
Summary: This study performed peptidomic analysis of brain tissue from a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS), revealing 217 peptides expressed at different levels compared to control mice. GO and KEGG analysis showed that the precursor proteins of these differentially expressed peptides were associated with myelin sheath and oxidative phosphorylation. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis and complexity of MS.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alexander Wuschek, Matthias Bussas, Malek El Husseini, Laura Harabacz, Viktor Pineker, Viola Pongratz, Achim Berthele, Isabelle Riederer, Claus Zimmer, Bernhard Hemmer, Jan S. Kirschke, Mark Muhlau
Summary: In patients with early multiple sclerosis (MS), abnormal tibial nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (tSSEP) were less frequent than spinal cord MRI lesions. Higher disability scores were significantly associated with abnormal tSSEP but not abnormal spinal cord MRI. Therefore, in early MS, lesions detected by MRI are the main driver of abnormal tSSEP.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Qingxiang Zhang, Zhiguo Chen, Kaili Zhang, Jie Zhu, Tao Jin
Summary: This article reviews the role of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathway in progressive multiple sclerosis and its potential as a therapeutic target. FGF signaling is involved in oligodendrocyte lineage, neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation, central nervous system myelination, and neuroinflammation control. Recent interventions targeting FGF and its receptor (FGFR) have shown moderate improvement in autoimmune encephalomyelitis symptoms in multiple sclerosis animal models.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Emily Kamma, Wendy Lasisi, Cole Libner, Huah Shin Ng, Jason R. Plemel
Summary: There are limited treatment options available for progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) due to a poor understanding of its pathophysiology. Microglia and macrophages play a vital role in the progressive phase of MS and may contribute to neurodegeneration. However, there is a lack of disease-modifying drugs that target these cells specifically in progressive MS.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Devlina Roy, Ritwik Ghosh, Souvik Dubey, Mahua Jana Dubey, Julian Benito-Leon, Biman Kanti Ray
Summary: Neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19 are diverse, involving both central and peripheral nervous systems. Most psychological effects stem from pandemic-related regulatory, socioeconomic, and psychosocial changes.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Felix Bermejo-Pareja, Israel Contador, Teodoro del Ser, Javier Olazaran, Sara Llamas-Velasco, Saturio Vega, Julian Benito-Leon
Summary: MCI is the most commonly mentioned predementia entity, recognized as a harbinger of dementia caused by various etiologies, mainly MCI due to Alzheimer's disease. The operational definition of MCI has shortcomings, as does the recent miNCD construct. Current data suggest that miNCD is a stricter predementia condition with lower prevalence than MCI, less sensitivity to cognitive decline, and possibly a higher conversion rate to dementia.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ritwik Ghosh, Kaustav De, Devlina Roy, Arpan Mandal, Subrata Biswas, Subhrajyoti Biswas, Swagatam Sengupta, Dinabandhu Naga, Mrinalkanti Ghosh, Julian Benito-Leon
Summary: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of pathogenic antibodies to aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) water channels. Various viral infections, including COVID-19, have been suggested to trigger NMOSD. However, while cases of spinal cord involvement following SARS-CoV-2 infection have been reported, AQP-4-antibody-seropositive NMOSD following COVID-19 is still rare.
JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Aida Arroyo, Jose A. Perianez, Marcos Rios-Lago, Genny Lubrini, Jorge Andreo, Julian Benito-Leon, Elan D. Louis, Juan Pablo Romero
Summary: The study found that the slowing of information processing in PD was mainly associated with impaired processing speed of the motor and perceptual-alertness components analyzed. These results may help in designing new neurorehabilitation strategies that focus on improving perceptual and alertness mechanisms.
BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Angela Domingo-Santos, Andres Labiano-Fontcubert, Yolanda Aladro-Benito, M. Luisa Martinez-Gines, Lucia Ayuso-Peralta, Veronica Puertas-Martin, Marta Cerezo-Garcia, Yolanda Higueras-Hernandez, Virginia Mato-Abad, Juan Alvarez-Linera, Juan Antonio Hernandez-Tamames, Julian Benito-Leon
Summary: In a study of patients with radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS), it was found that 35.3% of patients exhibited cognitive impairment, with lower brain and gray matter volumes compared to healthy controls. After a median follow-up period of 4.5 years, the cognitively impaired RIS subgroup showed a higher conversion rate to multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting that cognitive impairment may be an independent risk factor for conversion to MS.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sonia Mayo, Irene Gomez-Manjon, Fco. Javier Fernandez-Martinez, Ana Camacho, Francisco Martinez, Julian Benito-Leon
Summary: Based on a review of patients diagnosed with EMA (or EMA-like phenotype) with a genetic diagnosis, four genes could potentially be associated with this syndrome, while three other genes require further study for their possible connection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Julian Benito-Leon, Ma Dolores del Castillo, Alberto Estirado, Ritwik Ghosh, Souvik Dubey, J. Ignacio Serrano
Summary: A few standard laboratory tests can effectively differentiate severity subgroups among patients with COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ritwik Ghosh, Subhrajyoti Biswas, Arnab Mandal, Kaustav De, Srijit Bandyopadhyay, Sona Singh Sardar, Arpan Mandal, Julian Benito-Leon
Summary: This case report describes a 14-year-old Indian girl with scrub typhus-associated abducens nerve palsy, who did not exhibit fever and the classic dermatological manifestation of the disease. The patient responded well to doxycycline therapy after common infectious, autoimmune, and neoplastic causes were excluded.
NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Subhrajyoti Biswas, Ritwik Ghosh, Dipayan Roy, Adrija Ray, Kaustav De, Subrata Biswas, Dinabandhu Naga, Julian Benito-Leon
Summary: Scrub typhus, a mite-born rickettsial zoonosis, can lead to a variety of clinical manifestations including limbic encephalitis. This case report highlights the successful diagnosis and treatment of scrub typhus associated encephalitis in a previously healthy young Indian woman.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Subhrajyoti Biswas, Ritwik Ghosh, Arpan Mandal, Alak Pandit, Dipayan Roy, Samya Sengupta, Kaustav De, Bikash Chandra Swaika, Julian Benito-Leon
Summary: This case report describes a patient with autonomic dysfunction preceding the onset of Miller Fisher syndrome post COVID-19 infection. The patient, who tested positive for anti-ganglioside antibodies, showed a good response to treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin. The article also discusses the potential pathogenic mechanisms of COVID-19 induced Miller Fisher syndrome and provides a review of reported cases.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Cecilia Garcia Cena, Mariana Campos Costa, Roque Saltaren Pazmino, Cristina Peixoto Santos, David Gomez-Andres, Julian Benito-Leon
Summary: There is evidence of eye movement alterations in neurological diseases, and this study is the first to describe potential eye movement alterations in post-COVID-19 condition using video-oculography. The study found that patients with the post-COVID-19 condition had eye movement alterations, mainly in centripetal latency in visually guided saccades, success rate in memory-guided saccades, latency in antisaccades, and its standard deviation, suggesting the involvement of frontoparietal networks. Further research is needed to understand the functional consequences of these eye movement alterations.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sonia Mayo, Irene Gomez-Manjon, Francisco Javier Fernandez-Martinez, Ana Camacho, Francisco Martinez, Julian Benito-Leon
Summary: Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder with a complex genetic basis. Although many genes associated with epilepsy have been identified, there are still cases where the genetic cause is unknown. Recent research has shown that somatic mutations specific to brain tissue may play a role in the phenotypic spectrum of epilepsy. These mutations cannot be detected in blood cells, but can be identified in cell-free DNA. Further studies are needed to explore this mechanism and its potential for diagnosing refractory epilepsy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dipayan Roy, Anupama Modi, Ritwik Ghosh, Raghumoy Ghosh, Julian Benito-Leon
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the gene expression pattern and regulatory network in the visceral adipose tissue of obese pediatric individuals. The results identified pathways and diseases related to obesity and its associated complications, emphasizing the importance of the TGF-beta signaling pathway, immune system, and adipocytic apoptotic pathway in pediatric obesity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Cecilia E. Garcia Cena, David Gomez-Andres, Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas, Victoria Galan Sanchez-Seco, Angela Domingo-Santos, Sara Moreno-Garcia, Julian Benito-Leon
Summary: This study aimed to assess the cognitive status of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) by measuring eye movement. The results showed significant alterations in eye movement behavior among MS patients, but without a common pattern. This may be due to the heterogeneous distribution of white matter involvement in MS, and further research is needed to determine the cause of these changes.
Article
Oncology
Souvik Dubey, Ritwik Ghosh, Subhankar Chatterjee, Mahua Jana Dubey, Samya Sengupta, Subham Chatterjee, Biman Kanti Ray, Pedro J. Modrego, Julian Benito-Leon
Summary: Brain tumors have long been considered a prevalent cause of potentially reversible cognitive impairment, with patterns of impairment depending on location, lateralization, classification, and treatment effects. Detailed eye movement and motor examinations are crucial for diagnosing cognitive impairment due to brain tumors and ruling out other coexisting etiologies.
CASE REPORTS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
