Direct Deoxy-Liquefaction of Poplar Leaves to Biopetroleum with Two Kinds of Catalysts

The objective of this study was to investigate the direct deoxy-liquefaction of poplar leaves with two kinds of catalysts (T203, Z409). The optimum conditions were found to be at a temperature of 623 K with 3% T203 and 5% Z409. The effect of these catalysts on the products was investigated, and the obtained results were compared with similar experiments without catalyst. The oil yield of 10.18% was obtained without catalyst and reached 12.22% with 3% T203. Higher oil yield of 16.18% was observed when 5% Z409 was used. The relative contents of hydrocarbons (alkanes and aromatics) were high to 42.91 and 55.89% when using 3% T203 and 5% Z409 as catalysts, and some light alkanes such as C7H16 and C8H18 were also detected in the oil. The most striking characteristics of the oils were that H/C > 1.75, oxygen content < 5.78%, and higher heating value > 44.33 MJ kg(-1).