CDC Kerala 14: Early Child Care Practices at Home Among Children (2-6 y) with Autism-A Case Control Study

Objectives To compare early child care practices at home as possible risk factors among children between 2 and 6 y of age with autism and a control group of normal children without any symptom of autism, presenting at the well-baby/immunization clinic. Methods This case control study was undertaken at the autism clinic of CDC Kerala, comparing possible risk factors for autism among 143 children between 2 and 6 y with autism as per CARS criteria and a control group of 200 normal children of the same age from well-baby/immunization clinic of SAT hospital. The data was collected using a structured pre-piloted questionnaire, which included 11 questions administered by the same senior social scientist, on early child care practices at home that have been universally considered as important for child development. Results On multivariate analysis on early child care practices at home as possible risk factors for autism, it was observed that statistically significant high odds ratios were present for (i) no outings (OR=3.36; 95 % CI: 1.39 - 8.16; p 0.007); (ii) child does not play with children of same age (OR=19.57; 95% CI: 9.50 - 40.32); (iii) do not tell stories/sing songs to the child (OR=3.21; 95 % CI: 1.61 - 6.41); and (iv) breastfeeding duration nil/ < 6 mo (OR=3.40; 95 % CI: 1.28 - 8.99). Conclusions This case control study involving 143 children between 2 and 6 y with autism as per CARS criteria and a control group of 200 normal children has shown that early child care practices at home, specifically breastfeeding duration nil/ < 6 mo, child does not play with children of same age, do not tell stories/sing songs to the child and no outings for the child are possible risk factors for autism.