Journal
IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL
Volume 47, Issue 5-6, Pages 383-390Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11626-011-9401-z
Keywords
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; Rhesus monkey; Hepatic progenitor cells; TGF-beta; Myofibroblasts-like cells
Categories
Funding
- Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [Y2110911]
- National 863 High Technology Research and Development Program of China [2005AA219010, 2006AA02A101, 2006AA02A116]
- Major State Basic Development Program [2006CB701505, 2007CB947701]
- Chinese Academy of Sciences [KSCX1-YWR-47, KSCX1-05-02]
- R&D Infrastructure and Facility Development Program of Yunnan [2006PT08-2]
- Social Science and Technology Development Program of Yunnan Province [2007GH]
- National ST Major Project [2009ZX09501-028]
- National Key Technology RD Program [2007BAI33B00]
- Chinese National Science Foundation [30700159, 30700425]
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The origin of the myofibroblast, the primary effector cell of liver fibrosis, is still elusive. Here, we report that fluorescence-activated cell sorting purified E-cad + rhesus monkey liver epithelial progenitor cells (mLEPCs) may serve as a potential source for liver myofibroblasts. Adult mLEPCs colonies were cultured in medium containing 2 ng/ml transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) to induce differentiation. Phenotypic changes of cells were analyzed by morphological observation, immunostaining, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). After cultured with TGF-beta and FBS, some cells in adult mLEPCs colonies converted to fibroblasts-like cells. Immunostaining showed that fibroblasts-like cells had acquired the expression of mesenchymal cell marker vimentin but lost the expression of epithelial cell marker CK8. Fibroblasts-like cells were maintained in culture for up to 40 passages. RT-PCR analysis revealed that fibroblasts-like cells had acquired the expression of mesenchymal genes (snail, PAI-1, and collagen I) and lost the expression of epithelial specific genes (E-cad, ZO-1, CK18, and occludin). In addition, more than 60% of fibroblasts-like cells expressed myofibroblastic-related proteins such as alpha SMA, vimentin, and N-cad, which were not presented in mLEPCs. Furthermore, increased cell motility was also detected in these fibroblasts-like cells by time-lapse video observation. Our results demonstrate that hepatic epithelial progenitor cells, mLEPCs, transform to myofibroblast-like cells via epithelial-mesenchymal transition. This finding will facilitate understanding of the origin of myofibroblasts in liver fibrosis.
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