Editorial Material
Hematology
Alan H. Lazarus, John W. Semple
Summary: A study found that patients with chronic ITP have clonal expansions of a specific subset of CD8 T cells called terminally differentiated effector memory (TEMRA) T cells. These cells persist over the course of the disease, are more prominent in refractory ITP, and are more prevalent when the platelet count is low.
Article
Immunology
Anoma Nellore, Esther Zumaquero, Christopher D. Scharer, Christopher F. Fucile, Christopher M. Tipton, R. Glenn King, Tian Mi, Betty Mousseau, John E. Bradley, Fen Zhou, Stuti Mutneja, Paul A. Goepfert, Jeremy M. Boss, Troy D. Randall, Ignacio Sanz, Alexander F. Rosenberg, Frances E. Lund
Summary: Seasonal influenza vaccination induces different populations of hemagglutinin (HA)-specific memory B (Bmem) cells, characterized by the expression of surface marker FcRL5 and transcriptional factor T-bet. FcRL5+T-bet+ Bmem cells exhibit effector-like memory properties, while T-betnegFcRL5neg Bmem cells have stem-like central memory properties. FcRL5+ Bmem cells are primed for antibody production and differentiate more rapidly into antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) in vitro. The presence of T-bet+ Bmem cells predicts long-lasting humoral immunity and is associated with the secondary immune response to repeat vaccination, indicating their importance in influenza vaccine durability.
Article
Fisheries
Qing Han, Hongping Chen, Yingtong Hu, Rui Han, Zequan Mo, Xiaochun Luo, Xueming Dan, Yanwei Li
Summary: The study identified the genes and protein structures of Th cell transcription factors in grouper and described their response characteristics to parasite infection, providing a theoretical basis for immunological control.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yanyun Hao, Hui Li, Xiaoyan Ge, Yang Liu, Jialin Yin, Xia Li, Yutong Liu, Hongfei Chen, Lingling Huang, Jing Zou, Shiying Zhang, Hao Wu, Zhiyue Zhang
Summary: The researchers developed a redox-activatable polymeric nanoswitch that can switch on after entering the tumor, enhancing the infiltration of T lymphocytes and priming of T lymphocytes for cancer treatment. The nanoswitch releases immune agonists and inhibitors to strengthen the immune response against tumors.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Meriam Belghith, Olfa Maghrebi, Aroua Cherif, Khadija Bahrini, Zakaria Saied, Samir Belal, Samia Ben Sassi, Mohamed-Ridha Barbouche, Mariem Kchaou
Summary: When the primary affected site of Behcet's disease is the central nervous system (CNS), the diagnosis becomes more challenging. This study found differential expression patterns of cytokines and transcription factors in patients with neuro-Behcet's disease. Additionally, it identified a disrupted balance between Th17 effector and T regulatory cells as an additional criterion for definite neuro-Behcet's disease.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lauren B. Rodda, Jason Netland, Laila Shehata, Kurt B. Pruner, Peter A. Morawski, Christopher D. Thouvenel, Kennidy K. Takehara, Julie Eggenberger, Emily A. Hemann, Hayley R. Waterman, Mitchell L. Fahning, Yu Chen, Malika Hale, Jennifer Rathe, Caleb Stokes, Samuel Wrenn, Brooke Fiala, Lauren Carter, Jessica A. Hamerman, Neil P. King, Michael Gale, Daniel J. Campbell, David J. Rawlings, Marion Pepper
Summary: The study found that individuals recovered from mild COVID-19 develop sustained SARS-CoV-2-specific immunological memory for at least 3 months, including immunoglobulin antibodies, neutralizing plasma, and memory B and T cells. These memory lymphocytes exhibit potent antiviral function, aiding in immune defense.
Article
Immunology
Khang Luu, Herbert Schwarz, Andreas Lundqvist
Summary: The discovery of B7-H7 as an immune checkpoint highlights its potential as a target for immunotherapy, with conflicting data regarding its function suggesting it can have both stimulatory and inhibitory effects. B7-H7 is preferentially expressed on exhausted Th1 and Tc1 cells, and blockade of B7-H7 enhances T cell proliferation and activation, making it a potential biomarker for selecting active effector T cells in adoptive cell transfer therapy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Remi Fiancette, Conor M. Finlay, Claire Willis, Sarah L. Bevington, Jake Soley, Sky T. H. Ng, Syed Murtuza Baker, Simon Andrews, Matthew R. Hepworth, David R. Withers
Summary: Fiancette et al. used inducible transcription factor deletion models in mature tissue-resident ILCs to uncover complementary and competing transcriptional networks determining ILC3 phenotype and functional capacity. The study demonstrated the importance of ROR gamma t and ROR alpha in maintaining optimal effector functions in ILC3s, with ROR alpha being sufficient for robust interleukin-22 production in LTi-like ILC3 subset but not in NCR(+) ILC3s. Further, continued ROR gamma t expression was essential to restrain type 1 immunity associated transcriptional networks in NCR+ ILC3s coexpressing T-bet.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jinlong Li, Yuanyuan Guo, Xiaoxu Duan, Bing Li
Summary: Inorganic arsenic induces immune tolerance in murine dendritic cells by down-regulating the expression of phenotypic molecules, pro-inflammatory factors, and T-lymphocyte cytokines. The immunosuppressive property of arsenic may be partially mediated by the HO-1 pathway, contributing to the development of infections and malignant diseases.
Review
Immunology
Margaret A. McBride, Tazeen K. Patil, Julia K. Bohannon, Antonio Hernandez, Edward R. Sherwood, Naeem K. Patil
Summary: Sepsis is a leading cause of death in intensive care units, with survivors often experiencing immunosuppression and recurrent infections. Current treatment relies on supportive care and with the increasing incidence of antibiotic-resistant microbes, there is a need to discover novel therapeutics. Studies have shown that specific cell surface inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors and ligands play crucial roles in mediating the balance between host immune competency and immunosuppression in sepsis. Targeting these immune checkpoints may improve host resistance to infection and serve as a means of individualized therapy for septic patients.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jing Peng, Xueying Yao, Chunyan Yuan, Xiaoli Liu, Renxiang Xia, Jian He, Rui Li, Yunqing Yao
Summary: This study investigated the potential mechanism and therapeutic potential of hepatitis B vaccine immunotherapy for occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) patients. The results showed that hepatitis B vaccine significantly increased the levels of hepatitis B surface antibodies in patients and had a significant impact on the number of peripheral blood B lymphocytes and CD8(+) T lymphocytes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Nicolas Krause, Joerg Mengwasser, Elpida Phithak, Francisca Beato, Marc Appis, Edgar Louis Milford, Johan Pratschke, Igor Sauer, Anja Kuehl, Arndt Vogel, Michael Goodyear, Linda Hammerich, Frank Tacke, Johanna Faith Haas, Tobias Mueller, Nalan Utku
Summary: IR1 cells are a subset of T regulatory cells that have immune suppressive functions and can inhibit proliferation in mixed lymphocyte reactions. They deliver regulatory signals by binding to their ligand, HLA-DR alpha 2, and have the potential to modulate immune dysregulation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Tannaz Abbasi-Dokht, Sina Sadrifar, Sarvenaz Forouzandeh, Farhad Malek, Maral Hemmati, Parviz Kokhaei, Amir Salek Farrokhi, Rasoul Baharlou
Summary: The study found that probiotic supplementation can improve clinical symptoms and immunological balance in patients with asthma. The expression of CD4(+) CD25(+) FoxP3(+) Tregs and FoxP3 increased, while the expression of RORgamma t and GATA3 decreased after 8 weeks of probiotic treatment. Furthermore, pulmonary function tests showed a significant improvement in forced expiratory volume and forced vital capacity after receiving probiotics.
INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Qiujun Zhou, Shenyu Wei, Hui Wang, Yuanyuan Li, Shasha Fan, Yi Cao, Chenglei Wang
Summary: Exosomes, nanoscale vesicles with a phospholipid bilayer structure, are secreted by cells and contain DNA, small RNA, proteins, and other substances that play a role in cell-to-cell communication. T cell-derived exosomes have been extensively studied for their novel role in cell signaling, particularly in tumor immune response. In this review, the functions of exosomes derived from different T cell subsets are discussed, along with their applications in tumor immunotherapy and the associated challenges.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Shuyi Yu, Lianghui Diao, Ruochun Lian, Cong Chen, Chunyu Huang, Xinyuan Li, Yuye Li, Yong Zeng
Summary: This study found that there was a significantly higher T-bet/GATA3 ratio in patients with recurrent miscarriage compared with fertile controls.
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Xiangye Zhao, Kewei Ma, Xiaobo Ma, Xu Wang, Chao Sun, Shi Qiu, Ye Guo, Zhiguang Yang, Yunpeng Liu, Yinghui Xu
Summary: Immunotherapy may lead to pseudoprogression, where tumors initially grow but shrink with continued treatment. This article reports a case of pseudoprogression in a lung cancer patient receiving immunotherapy, and reviews the mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and prognostic indicators of pseudoprogression.
Article
Immunology
Ling-zhijie Kong, Ying Zheng, Kaichun Li
Summary: Treatment options for metastatic colorectal cancer are limited after second-line chemotherapy failure. In this case report, a 59-year-old male patient achieved remarkable response to fruquintinib and toripalimab combination therapy after multiple lines of chemotherapy failed. The patient had partial response within 3 months and complete response of pulmonary masses within 12 months. The combination of fruquintinib and PD-1 inhibitors improves the prognosis of metastatic colorectal cancer, with a progression-free survival of over 17 months.
