Article
Immunology
Divanshu Shukla, Ashok Patidar, Uddipan Sarma, Prashant Chauhan, Surya Prakash Pandey, Himanshu Singh Chandel, Neelam Bodhale, Soumya Kanti Ghosh, Carlos Alberto Guzman, Thomas Ebensen, Ricardo Silvestre, Arup Sarkar, Bhaskar Saha, Surajit Bhattacharjee
Summary: TLRs on host cells recognize PAMPs on pathogens and trigger immune responses. Leishmania infection alters TLR interdependency, revealing a unique immune evasive mechanism. Targeting TLR interdependency can induce a host-protective immune response against intracellular pathogens.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Antonios Lazaridis, Eleni Gavriilaki, Stella Douma, Eugenia Gkaliagkousi
Summary: Essential hypertension is a highly heterogeneous disease with a complex etiology, where subclinical inflammation and abnormal activation of TLR signaling play crucial roles in its pathogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Virology
Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi, Nima Rezaei
Summary: COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has led to a pandemic. TLRs play a crucial role in activating the immune system in response to the virus, and could potentially be a target for controlling the infection. Understanding the mechanisms of TLR in COVID-19 may help in developing vaccines and treatments.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Rheumatology
Steven O'Reilly
Summary: SSc is an autoimmune disease characterized by vascular abnormalities, inflammation, and fibrosis of the skin and lungs. Inflammation and fibrosis are closely connected in this disease, and Toll-like receptors play a significant role in its pathogenesis and may be a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Article
Cell Biology
Karsten Grote, Marina Nicolai, Uwe Schubert, Bernhard Schieffer, Christian Troidl, Klaus T. Preissner, Stefan Bauer, Silvia Fischer
Summary: The study demonstrated that self-extracellular RNA can interact with TLR2 ligands and enhance innate immune responses under pathological conditions, suggesting it as a new target for the treatment of bacterial and viral infections.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Izabela Ciaston, Ewelina Dobosz, Jan Potempa, Joanna Koziel
Summary: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that trigger immune response. Microbial proteases play a key role in modifying TLR signaling pathway.
MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Virology
Mohammad Kazem Vakil, Yaser Mansoori, Ghaidaa Raheem Lateef Al-Awsi, Ali Hosseinipour, Samaneh Ahsant, Sedigheh Ahmadi, Mohammad Ekrahi, Zahra Montaseri, Babak Pezeshki, Poopak Mohaghegh, Mojtaba Sohrabpour, Maryam Bahmanyar, Abdolreza Daraei, Tahereh Dadkhah Jouybari, Alireza Tavassoli, Abdolmajid Ghasemian
Summary: Innate and acquired immunity responses are crucial for eliminating viral infections. However, genetic variations in coding genes may exacerbate inflammation or initiate devastating cytokine storms, leading to severe respiratory conditions in COVID-19. Host genetic variations, particularly those related to immune responses, determine patients' susceptibility and the severity and pathophysiology of COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lei Zhang, Guangshuai Liu, Tian Xia, Xiufeng Yang, Guolei Sun, Chao Zhao, Chunzhu Xu, Honghai Zhang
Summary: The study analyzed TLR genes from the genomes and transcriptomes of 102 amphibian species to understand their evolutionary patterns. Results showed that TLR genes can be divided into seven subfamilies, with TLR4 subfamily found only in Anura. Purification selection played a leading role in amphibian TLR evolution, and different domains had different evolution rates. Positive selection patterns and single-nucleotide polymorphisms were observed in TLR genes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Review
Virology
Caroline Fernandes-Santos, Elzinandes Leal de Azeredo
Summary: Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by the dengue virus, with a wide range of clinical manifestations. In the innate antiviral response, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in pathogen recognition and the production of inflammatory cytokines and interferons essential for preventing viral replication.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Sheeba Thomas, David F. Lappin, Julie Spears, David Bennett, Christopher Nile, Marcello P. Riggio
Summary: This study evaluated the transcript levels of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytokines in gingival tissues of cats with feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion (FORL). The results showed that TLRs and both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were significantly upregulated in cats with FORL, confirming a chronic inflammatory response to the oral microbiome.
RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xin Zhi, Peipei Yang, Yunxue Xu, Zhifei Dai, Xiuli Yue, Linxue Qian
Summary: This review discusses the functions of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the tumor microenvironment and the pathways that activate immune responses. It also summarizes recent developments in nanotechnology for immunomodulation with TLR agonists. Nanotechnology can improve the efficacy of TLR agonist-based immunotherapy and address its limitations.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuan-Tung Chu, Min-Tser Liao, Kuo-Wang Tsai, Kuo-Cheng Lu, Wan-Chung Hu
Summary: A comprehensive framework has been established to understand immunological pathways, and specific associations between immune responses and immune receptors have been identified. These findings contribute to the identification of biomarkers for immune cells and provide insights into host immunological pathways.
Article
Immunology
Erin J. Dela Cruz, Tina L. Fiedler, Congzhou Liu, Matthew M. Munch, Christina M. Kohler, Antoinette R. Oot, Jacqueline M. Wallis, Junhui Wang, Anna Frishman, Kristina Garcia, Andrew Wiser, Jennifer E. Balkus, Sujatha Srinivasan, Jonathan L. Golob, Laura K. Sycuro, Jeanne M. Marrazzo, Thomas R. Hawn, David N. Fredricks
Summary: The study investigated the association between TLR5 deficiency and the risk for bacterial vaginosis (BV) as well as colonization with flagellated bacteria associated with BV. The results showed that TLR5 deficiency was not linked to BV status, and women with TLR5 deficiency had decreased colonization with BVAB1. This study suggests that there may be interspecies variation in the recognition domains of flagellin, impacting the immune response in BV.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Olesia Schapovalova, Anna Gorlova, Johannes de Munter, Elisaveta Sheveleva, Mikhail Eropkin, Nikita Gorbunov, Michail Sicker, Aleksei Umriukhin, Sergiy Lyubchyk, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Tatyana Strekalova, Careen A. Schroeter
Summary: A new immunomodulatory phytotherapy (IP) comprised of blackberry, chamomile, garlic, cloves, and elderberry extracts was studied as a potential low-cost solution against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The IP therapy was found to decrease inflammation and alleviate sickness behavior, suggesting its potency in combating the infection primarily through preventive effects.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Toxicology
Menno Grouls, Meike van der Zande, Laura de Haan, Hans Bouwmeester
Summary: In various in vitro intestinal models, exposure to flagellin triggered an increase in IL-8 secretion as a pro-inflammatory response, while other TLR agonists did not induce a similar response, suggesting a lack of presence or functionality of specific TLRs in these models.
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Pawan Kumar, Vini John, Soumitra Marathe, Gobardhan Das, Sangeeta Bhaskar
JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY
(2015)
Article
Immunology
Mohd Saqib, Rahul Khatri, Bindu Singh, Ananya Gupta, Arvind Kumar, Sangeeta Bhaskar
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bindu Singh, Mohd Saqib, Ananya Gupta, Pawan Kumar, Sangeeta Bhaskar
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Surendra K. Sharma, Kiran Katoch, Rohit Sarin, Raman Balambal, Nirmal Kumar Jain, Naresh Patel, Kolluri J. R. Murthy, Neeta Singla, P. K. Saha, Ashwani Khanna, Urvashi Singh, Sanjiv Kumar, A. Sengupta, J. N. Banavaliker, D. S. Chauhan, Shailendra Sachan, Mohammad Wasim, Sanjay Tripathi, Nilesh Dutt, Nitin Jain, Nalin Joshi, Sita Ram Raju Penmesta, Sumanlatha Gaddam, Sanjay Gupta, Bakulesh Khamar, Bindu Dey, Dipendra K. Mitra, Sunil K. Arora, Sangeeta Bhaskar, Rajni Rani
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2017)
Article
Biology
Pawan Kumar, Vini John, Ananya Gupta, Sangeeta Bhaskarli
Article
Microbiology
Ashish Sharma, Mohd. Saqib, Javaid A. Sheikh, Nasreen Z. Ehtesham, Sangeeta Bhaskar, Tapan K. Chaudhuri, Seyed E. Hasnain
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Aniruddha Roy, Manu Smriti Singh, Pramod Upadhyay, Sangeeta Bhaskar
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2013)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Aniruddha Roy, Sourav Chandra, Swapna Mamilapally, Pramod Upadhyay, Sangeeta Bhaskar
PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
(2012)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Faiz Ahmad, Jiju Mani, Pawan Kumar, Seenu Haridas, Pramod Upadhyay, Sangeeta Bhaskar
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Neha Joshi, Vikas Duhan, Neelam Lingwal, Sangeeta Bhaskar, Pramod Upadhyay
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ankan Gupta, Farhan J. Ahmad, Faiz Ahmad, Umesh D. Gupta, Mohan Natarajan, Vishwamohan Katoch, Sangeeta Bhaskar
Article
Immunology
Ankan Gupta, F. J. Ahmad, Faiz Ahmad, U. D. Gupta, M. Natarajan, V. M. Katoch, Sangeeta Bhaskar
Article
Immunology
Mohd Saqib, Rahul Khatri, Bindu Singh, Ananya Gupta, Sangeeta Bhaskar
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Biology
Pawan Kumar, Sangeeta Bhaskar
BMC RESEARCH NOTES
(2019)