Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Klatka, Agnieszka Polak, Paulina Mertowska, Sebastian Mertowski, Jakub Lyczba, Anna Hymos, Izabela Korona-Glowniak, Ewelina Grywalska
Summary: Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, or HD, is a common thyroid disorder. Research has focused on the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), particularly TLR2, in the pathogenesis of HD. This study found a significant increase in TLR2 expression on immune cells and a higher concentration of soluble TLR2 in plasma in HD patients compared to healthy individuals. TLR2 expression also correlated with thyroid function indicators. These findings suggest that TLR2 may be involved in the immunopathogenesis of HD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cameron R. Bastow, Mark D. Bunting, Ervin E. Kara, Duncan R. McKenzie, Adriana Caon, Sapna Devi, Lynn Tolley, Scott N. Mueller, Ian H. Frazer, Natasha Harvey, Mark R. Condina, Clifford Young, Peter Hoffmann, Shaun R. McColl, Iain Comerford
Summary: This study reveals the mechanism by which ACKR4 controls DC migration in barrier tissues, identifying the existence of two forms of CCL21 in steady-state conditions and their regulation by ACKR4. It enhances understanding of functional chemokine gradient formation by showing how ACKR4 affects CCL21 gradients in barrier tissues and downstream lymph nodes.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anette Christ, Pieter G. Goossens, Erwin Wijnands, Han Jin, Bart Legein, Tammy Oth, Aaron Isaacs, Monika Stoll, Joris Vanderlocht, Esther Lutgens, Mat J. A. P. Daemen, Martin Zenke, Erik A. L. Biessen
Summary: Hyperlipidemia significantly affects the activation and immune response of pDCs, particularly in response to pathogen-derived signals.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lei Zhang, Guangshuai Liu, Tian Xia, Xiufeng Yang, Guolei Sun, Chao Zhao, Chunzhu Xu, Honghai Zhang
Summary: The study analyzed TLR genes from the genomes and transcriptomes of 102 amphibian species to understand their evolutionary patterns. Results showed that TLR genes can be divided into seven subfamilies, with TLR4 subfamily found only in Anura. Purification selection played a leading role in amphibian TLR evolution, and different domains had different evolution rates. Positive selection patterns and single-nucleotide polymorphisms were observed in TLR genes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuki Suzuki, Takeshi Kikuchi, Hisashi Goto, Yuhei Takayanagi, Shotaro Kawamura, Noritaka Sawada, Yoshikazu Naiki, Hisataka Kondo, Jun-ichiro Hayashi, Yoshiaki Hasegawa, Akio Mitani
Summary: The effect of Mfa1 fimbriae from Porphyromonas gingivalis on bone resorption progression and its interaction with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) were investigated in this study. The results showed that Mfa1 fimbriae effectively induced the formation and activation of osteoclasts, as well as increased the expression of specific genes related to differentiation. The involvement of Tlr2 and Tlr4 in Mfa1 recognition was also demonstrated. These findings contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying periodontal disease and the development of potential therapeutic strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xin Zhi, Peipei Yang, Yunxue Xu, Zhifei Dai, Xiuli Yue, Linxue Qian
Summary: This review discusses the functions of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the tumor microenvironment and the pathways that activate immune responses. It also summarizes recent developments in nanotechnology for immunomodulation with TLR agonists. Nanotechnology can improve the efficacy of TLR agonist-based immunotherapy and address its limitations.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alessandro Leuti, Emanuela Talamonti, Antonietta Gentile, Marta Tiberi, Alessandro Matteocci, Diego Fresegna, Diego Centonze, Valerio Chiurchiu
Summary: This study demonstrated a shift in the balance of M1/M2 macrophages during MS, with M1 macrophages showing a more proinflammatory profile in EAE compared to control mice, while M2 macrophages lost their M2-like phenotype. Immunization with MOG35-55 led to hyperactivation of M1 macrophages and a shift from anti-inflammatory M2 to pro-inflammatory M1. These findings suggest a potential role for developing new macrophage-centered therapeutic strategies in MS.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuan-Tung Chu, Min-Tser Liao, Kuo-Wang Tsai, Kuo-Cheng Lu, Wan-Chung Hu
Summary: A comprehensive framework has been established to understand immunological pathways, and specific associations between immune responses and immune receptors have been identified. These findings contribute to the identification of biomarkers for immune cells and provide insights into host immunological pathways.
Article
Cell Biology
Chan Xiang, Min Zhang, Zhanxian Shang, Shengnan Chen, Jikai Zhao, Bowen Ding, Dong Jiang, Qian Zhu, Haohua Teng, Lei Zhu, Jinchen Shao, Ruiying Zhao, Min Ye, Yang Yu, Yuchen Han
Summary: This study reveals the cellular mechanism underlying the formation of the immunosuppressive microenvironment in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) through single-cell transcriptome analysis. The study identified increased expression of tumor-associated macrophage-folate receptor 2 (TAM-FOLR2) and CD4(+) nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3 (NR4A3) in invasive adenocarcinoma (IA). Additionally, the study suggests a potential trajectory of alveolar resident macrophage-resistin (ARM-RETN)/TAM-FOLR2/dendritic cells (DCs)/CD4(+)NR4A3/CD4(+)FOXP3 in shaping the immune suppressive microenvironment during the pathogenesis of LUAD.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaoqin Tang, Qian Xu, Shuo Yang, Xinwu Huang, Long Wang, Feihong Huang, Jiesi Luo, Xiaogang Zhou, Anguo Wu, Qibing Mei, Chunling Zhao, Jianming Wu
Summary: Platelets, as the second most abundant blood component, play a crucial role in various physiological and pathological functions. In addition to its traditional role in hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets also have an indispensable role in inflammatory diseases. Thrombocytopenia, a common hematologic problem, is closely related to the fatality of many diseases, highlighting the significance of its prevention and treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wael Alturaiki, Haitham Alkadi, Saad Alamri, Maaweya E. Awadalla, Abdulkarim Alfaez, Ayman Mubarak, Mona Awad Alanazi, Faris Q. Alenzi, Brian F. Flanagan, Bandar Alosaimi
Summary: The involvement of the immune system response and the importance of cytokines and chemokines in the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 have been highlighted. However, the roles of the BAFF/APRIL cytokine system, homeostatic chemokines, and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3/4 in COVID-19 have not been investigated. This study found significant differences in expression levels of TLR-4 mRNA, IFN-beta, APRIL, CXCL13, and IgM/IgG antibodies between ICU and non-ICU COVID-19 patients, suggesting the potential utility of chemokine antagonists and selective targeting of TLR/spike protein interactions as treatments for severe COVID-19.
Review
Cell Biology
Stavros Garantziotis, Rashmin C. Savani
Summary: The extracellular matrix (ECM) is not only a structure but also plays key roles in cellular responses. Proteoglycans (PGs), a component of ECM, have been found to be crucial in both health maintenance and disease development by activating the innate immune system and influencing cell fate.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katarzyna Wicherska-Pawlowska, Tomasz Wrobel, Justyna Rybka
Summary: The innate immune system recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), activating immune cells and initiating inflammatory and immune responses. This system also plays a role in cancer immunosurveillance, with potential for natural and synthetic agonists of PRRs to be used as adjuvants in cancer immunotherapies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yaohan Xu, Jiang Zhu, Jingyi Hu, Ziqi Zou, Yueling Zhao, Lihua Lai, Ping Xu, Yinjing Song, Hao Cheng
Summary: The study demonstrated that L-Theanine can significantly reduce the levels of IL-23 and chemokines, inhibit the activation of NF-kappa B and IL-17A signaling pathways, and promote propanoate metabolism, thereby alleviating IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Gerulf Haenel, Caroline Angerer, Katja Petry, Felix S. Lichtenegger, Marion Subklewe
Summary: This study aimed to identify an optimal in vitro activation protocol for Blood DCs (BDCs), finding that activation with TLR3 and TLR7/8 ligands can generate highly immunostimulatory DCs with enhanced migration, NK-cell activation, and antigen-specific T-cell induction abilities.
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY
(2022)