Article
Plant Sciences
Feihong Zhu, Hehe Chen, Meifei Xu, Xiajun Zhang, Jing Yu, Yali Pan, Weixin Zhu
Summary: The study found that Cryptotanshinone (CT) can attenuate the infarct region in the MCAO model, increase the percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) Treg cells in the peripheral blood, and recover the protein level of FOXP3 and the phosphorylation of STAT5 in CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells.
PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yanping Wang, Yi Zhang, Shengchen Su, Patrick Tamukong, Ramachandran Murali, Hyung L. Kim
Summary: CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial in controlling anti-tumor immune responses. A new PROTAC drug, PF, that targets the transcription factor FoxP3, has been developed. PF effectively decreases FoxP3 expression in Tregs, enhancing CD8+ lymphocyte proliferation and activation, as well as inhibiting tumor growth. PF also synergizes with immune checkpoint inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors to enhance antitumor immunity. This study provides important evidence for the potential use of PF in cancer immunotherapy.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Kim Ohl, Klaus Tenbrock
Summary: Oxidative stress plays a significant role in cellular damage in T cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, with the NRF2/Keap1 pathway serving as a crucial antioxidant system. Activating NRF2 may be a potential therapeutic target in SLE, although tissue and cell specific differences in NRF2 expression pose challenges.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Mostafa G. G. Aly, Eman H. H. Ibrahim, Hristos Karakizlis, Rolf Weimer, Gerhard Opelz, Christian Morath, Martin Zeier, Naruemol Ekpoom, Volker Daniel
Summary: In this study, the relationship between regulatory cells and immunosuppressive drugs in transplant recipients was investigated. The results showed a negative correlation between CD4+CD25+CD127-Foxp3+ Tregs and CD19+IL-10+ Bregs in early transplant recipients, with Tregs being affected by steroid dose and tacrolimus levels, while Bregs seemed less affected by potent immunosuppression. It was also found that CD4+CD25+CD127-Foxp3+ Tregs were lower in patients treated with certain antibodies compared to end-stage kidney disease patients. Early transplant recipients exhibited different patterns of Tregs and Bregs within the first 3 months post-transplant, indicating a complex relationship between these regulatory cells and immunosuppression.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
RamaRao Malla, Meghapriya Adem, Anindita Chakraborty
Summary: FOXP3 is a key transcription factor in immune response regulation, and its complexity and diversity in various cancers, including metastatic breast cancers (mBCs), have been recently discovered. It has a dual role in the tumor microenvironment of mBCs. This review provides new insights into the complexity and diversity of FOXP3 isoforms in immune response regulation in breast cancer. The molecular mechanisms of FOXP3 isoforms, including their interaction with other proteins, regulation of gene expression, and impact on the immune system, are discussed. The importance of understanding the role of FOXP3 isoforms in breast cancer and their potential as therapeutic targets is also highlighted. This review emphasizes the crucial role of FOXP3 isoforms in immune response regulation in breast cancer and underscores the need for further research to fully comprehend their complex and diverse functions.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Mohammad A. Al-Mterin, Khaled Murshed, Eyad Elkord
Summary: This study investigates the correlations between T regulatory cell subsets and immune checkpoint-expressing CD4(+) T cells in colorectal cancer patients. The findings show that these highly immunosuppressive cells have the potential to inhibit inflammatory responses in the tumor microenvironment. Understanding these correlations can enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of Treg-mediated immunosuppression in cancer.
Article
Immunology
Mohammad A. Al-Mterin, Khaled Murshed, Eyad Elkord
Summary: This study investigates the correlations between different T cell subsets and immune checkpoint-expressing CD4(+) T cells in CRC patients. The results show positive correlations between different immune checkpoint-expressing CD4(+) T cells and Treg subsets, especially in the tumor microenvironment. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of Treg-mediated immunosuppression in cancer.
Article
Virology
Abdurrahman Simsek, Muhammed A. Kizmaz, Eren Cagan, Fatma Dombaz, Gulcin Tezcan, Ali Asan, H. Ibrahim Demir, S. Haldun Bal, Digdem Y. Ermis, Asli G. Dilektasli, Esra Kazak, E. Halis Akalin, H. Barbaros Oral, Ferah Budak
Summary: This study investigated the role of CD39 expression in Treg cell subsets in COVID-19 immunopathogenesis and found that CD39(+) Tregs increased with disease severity in adult patients, while they decreased in an age-dependent manner in juvenile patients.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Beatriz F. F. Corte-Real, Rebeca Arroyo Hornero, Aleksandra Dyczko, Ibrahim Hamad, Markus Kleinewietfeld
Summary: CSF2RB (CD131) may serve as a potential biomarker for autoimmune diseases in Tregs, with its overexpression potentially being linked to disease development.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Zheng Zhang, Jihua Guo, Rong Jia
Summary: Treg plasticity is associated with inflammatory diseases and cancers. Regulating Treg plasticity is a promising direction for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancers.
INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Prashant S. Giri, Ankit H. Bharti, Jyoti Kode, Rasheedunnisa Begum, Mitesh Dwivedi
Summary: This study suggests that Harmine and Kaempferol treated Tregs may control the proliferation and production of CD8+ and CD4(+) T-cells in GV patients, leading to melanocytes' survival and proliferation.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Xinyan Wu, Zhigang Zhou, Qiang Cao, Yuquan Chen, Junling Gong, Qi Zhang, Yi Qiang, Yanfeng Lu, Guangzhu Cao
Summary: Regulatory T cells (Treg) have received extensive attention in the research of tumor progression as they play a role in inhibiting immune effector cells and suppressing inflammation. In the tumor inflammatory microenvironment (IM), the reprogramming of Treg cells enhances their suppression of immune responses, ultimately promoting tumor immune escape or progression. This review discusses the reprogramming mechanism of Treg cells in the IM, their regulation on tumor progression, and proposes countermeasures for tumor immunotherapy by controlling Treg cells and their response to inflammatory reprogramming.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xu Liu, Na Tian, Qianru Huang, Zhan Xu, Hao Cheng, Xinnan Liu, Dan Li, Rui Liang, Bin Li, Xueyu Dai
Summary: It has been found that hnRNPA1 plays a crucial role in regulating the function of regulatory T cells, and its absence can lead to impaired Treg function and reduced expression of FOXP3. This suggests that hnRNPA1 may regulate Treg function through multiple pathways.
Article
Oncology
Lin Yang, Qijie Zhao, Xing Wang, Chalermchai Pilapong, Yi Li, Jun Zou, Jing Jin, Jinfeng Rong
Summary: Tregs have the potential to predict prognosis and tumor deterioration in esophageal cancer (EC) patients. Through computational algorithms, we found that Tregs and macrophage infiltration levels can stratify EC patients into high-risk and low-risk immune subgroups, with significant differences in tumor development, biological processes, and gene expression patterns. The interaction between STAT3 and Foxp3 is a potential prognostic indicator for Tregs in EC. STAT3 and Foxp3 expression also accurately predict Tregs infiltration levels in EC patients.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jianfei Zhu, Zhenzhen Li, Jie Chen, Wensheng Li, Hongtao Wang, Tao Jiang, Yu Ma
Summary: FOXP3 is highly expressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and mainly expressed in regulatory T cells. High FOXP3 expression is associated with infiltration of malignant cells and poor survival rate. FOXP3 is involved in multiple signaling pathways, particularly the T cell receptor signaling pathway and Jak-STAT signaling pathway. FOXP3 may promote the malignant progression of NSCLC through regulation of T cell infiltration.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jabar Babatunde Pacome Achimi Agbo Abdul, Bayode Romeo Adegbite, Micheska Epola Dibamba Ndanga, Jean Ronald Edoa, Rhett Chester Mevyann, Guy Rogue Arnault Ibinda Mfoumbi, Tshisekedi Jean de Dieu, Jocelyn Mahoumbou, Christopher Mebiame Biyogho, Sankarganesh Jeyaraj, Stefan Niemann, Bertrand Lell, Peter Gottfried Kremsner, Abraham Sunday Alabi, Ayola Akim Adegnika, Martin Peter Grobusch
Summary: The increasing incidence of MDR-TB infection in Gabon is alarming, especially among individuals aged 25-35. There is a need for improvement in case finding and contact tracing strategies for treatment-naive MDR-TB patients.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Oriol Mitja, Gilmar Reis, David R. Boulware, Adam M. Spivak, Ammar Sarwar, Christine Johnston, Brandon Webb, Michael D. Hill, Davey Smith, Peter Kremsner, Marla Curran, David Carter, Jim Alexander, Marc Corbacho, Todd C. Lee, Katherine Huppler Hullsiek, Emily G. McDonald, Rachel Hess, Michael Hughes, Jared M. Baeten, Ilan Schwartz, Luanne Metz, Lawrence Richer, Kara W. Chew, Eric Daar, David Wohl, Michael Dunne
Summary: This study conducted a pooled analysis of individual participant data from 11 randomized controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in outpatients with mild COVID-19. The results suggest that HCQ does not show significant effects on viral clearance and hospitalization rate, and therefore, the use of HCQ in mild COVID-19 outpatients should be discontinued to reduce the risk of disease progression.
CTS-CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Yolanda Augustin, Henry M. Staines, Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan, Adeeba Kamarulzaman, Peter G. Kremsner, Sanjeev Krishna
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to global research on drug repurposing, focusing on antiviral therapies, anti-inflammatory agents, antithrombotic agents, and immune modulators. Corticosteroids and immunomodulators targeting IL-6 receptors have been shown to be effective in improving clinical outcomes. Other drugs under investigation include antidiabetic, antimalarial, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antiviral, antiparasitic, and antidepressant drugs.
BRITISH MEDICAL BULLETIN
(2023)
Editorial Material
Infectious Diseases
Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan, Francine Ntoumi, Peter G. Kremsner, Shui Shan Lee, Christian G. Meyer
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Esam I. Azhar, Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan, Ikrormi Rungsung, Tieble Traore, David S. Hui, Brian McCloskey, Sherif A. El-Kafrawy, Alimuddin Zumla
Summary: This study analyzed the infection and epidemiological characteristics of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in humans and camels from January 1, 2012 to August 3, 2022. It found that MERS-CoV remains a threat to global health security, with ongoing infections in humans and camels. Proactive surveillance of MERS-CoV infections and variants in camels and humans, as well as the development of a MERS vaccine, are essential for epidemic preparedness.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Virology
Gedeon Prince Manouana, Paul Alvyn Nguema-Moure, Alexandru Tomazatos, Moustapha Nzamba Maloum, C. -Thomas Bock, Peter G. G. Kremsner, Thirumalaisamy P. P. Velavan, Akim Ayola Adegnika, Sandra Niendorf
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the rapid rotavirus test compared to the one-step RT-qPCR method. The results showed that the rapid test had high sensitivity and was suitable for detecting rotavirus A in patients with gastroenteritis, especially in low-income countries.
Letter
Pediatrics
Constanze Heinzel, Yudi T. Pinilla, Ayla Binder, Peter G. Kremsner, Jana Held, Rolf Fendel, Andrea Kreidenweiss
Article
Microbiology
Tina Krueger, Moses Ikegbunam, Abel Lissom, Thaisa Lucas Sandri, Jacques Dollon Mbama Ntabi, Jean Claude Djontu, Marcel Tapsou Baina, Romeo Aime Laclong Lontchi, Moustapha Maloum, Givina Zang Ella, Romuald Agonhossou, Romaric Akoton, Luc Djogbenou, Steffen Borrmann, Jana Held, Francine Ntoumi, Ayola Akim Adegnika, Peter Gottfried Kremsner, Andrea Kreidenweiss
Summary: The frequency of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deleted strains in Central and West Africa was assessed and found to be low, indicating a low risk of false-negative results in HRP2-based rapid diagnostic tests. However, continuous monitoring is crucial due to the potential for rapid changes in this scenario to ensure the suitability of RDTs for malaria diagnostics.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Nithya Babu Rajendran, Fabiana Arieti, Carla Alejandra Mena-Benitez, Liliana Galia, Maela Tebon, Julio Alvarez, Beryl Primrose Gladstone, Lucie Collineau, Giulia De Angelis, Raquel Duro, William Gaze, Siri Goepel, Souha S. Kanj, Annemarie Kaesbohrer, Direk Limmathurotsakul, Estibaliz Lopez de Abechuco, Elena Mazzolini, Nico T. Mutters, Maria Diletta Pezzani, Elisabeth Presterl, Hanna Renk, Jesus Rodriguez-Bano, Oana Sandulescu, Federico Scali, Robert Skov, Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan, Cuong Vuong, Evelina Tacconelli
Summary: Strategic and standardised approaches are crucial for analyzing and reporting surveillance data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and informing antibiotic policies. This paper describes a multidisciplinary initiative involving experts from the human, animal, and environmental sectors to develop proposals for structuring and reporting full-scale AMR and antimicrobial consumption/antimicrobial residue surveillance data. The recommendations from this study can support national and regional plans to reduce resistance rates and promote a One Health approach to antimicrobial policy.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE
(2023)
Article
Parasitology
Aleksey V. Katokhin, Irina V. Saltykova, Claudio De Liberato, Rolf Schuster, Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan
Summary: Opisthorchis felineus is a trematode that mainly affects the liver and bile ducts, causing opisthorchiosis and potentially leading to cholangiocarcinoma. Little is known about the genetic structure of this parasite, but this study used microsatellite loci to investigate its genetic diversity and population structure. Analysis revealed at least three distinct populations and proposed a hypothesis about the formation of the present habitat of O. felineus.
PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Virology
Le Chi Cao, Vanessa Martin, Le Thi Kieu Linh, Tran Thi Giang, Ngo Thi Minh Chau, Ton Nu Phuong Anh, Vu Xuan Nghia, Nguyen Trong The, Truong Nhat My, Bui Tien Sy, Nguyen Linh Toan, Le Huu Song, C. -Thomas Bock, Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan
Summary: The prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in the Vietnamese population is underestimated. A study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence of HEV antibodies and the presence of HEV RNA in blood donors. The results showed a high prevalence of HEV antibodies, with a higher risk in older individuals. Although HEV viraemia was not found in blood donors from Northern Vietnam, further surveillance is needed in other regions.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jule Ayran, Carsten Koehler, Le Thi Kieu Linh, Gisela Schneider, Srinivas Reddy Pallerla, Florian Battke, Lisa Federle, Peter Martus, Peter G. Kremsner, Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan
Summary: Despite contact restrictions, population mobility remains the main reason for the spread of SARS-CoV-2. A model study in Tubingen, Germany evaluated the use of mandatory rapid diagnostic tests to reduce transmission. The study found a positive predictive value of 51% and identified the B.1.1.7 lineage as the predominant variant in positive samples.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Letter
Pediatrics
Constanze Heinzel, Yudi T. Pinilla, Ayla Binder, Peter G. Kremsner, Jana Held, Rolf Fendel, Andrea Kreidenweiss
Summary: This cross-sectional study examines IgG antibody levels in children and adolescents in Germany after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Hamada S. Badr, Josh M. Colston, Nhat-Lan H. Nguyen, Yen Ting Chen, Eleanor Burnett, Syed Asad Ali, Ajit Rayamajhi, Syed M. Satter, Nguyen Van Trang, Daniel Eibach, Ralf Krumkamp, Juergen May, Ayola Akim Adegnika, Gedeon Prince Manouana, Peter Gottfried Kremsner, Roma Chilengi, Luiza Hatyoka, Amanda K. Debes, Jerome Ateudjieu, Abu S. G. Faruque, M. Jahangir Hossain, Suman Kanungo, Karen L. Kotloff, Inacio Mandomando, M. Imran Nisar, Richard Omore, Samba O. Sow, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Nathalie Lambrecht, Bright Adu, Nicola Page, James A. Platts-Mills, Cesar Mavacala Freitas, Tuula Pelkonen, Per Ashorn, Kenneth Maleta, Tahmeed Ahmed, Pascal Bessong, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Carl Mason, Estomih Mduma, Maribel P. Olortegui, Pablo Penataro Yori, Aldo A. M. Lima, Gagandeep Kang, Jean Humphrey, Robert Ntozini, Andrew J. Prendergast, Kazuhisa Okada, Warawan Wongboot, Nina Langeland, Sabrina J. Moyo, James Gaensbauer, Mario Melgar, Matthew Freeman, Anna N. Chard, Vonethalom Thongpaseuth, Eric Houpt, Benjamin F. Zaitchik, Margaret N. Kosek
Summary: This study aimed to model the spatiotemporal variation in paediatric Shigella infection and predict its prevalence across low-income and middle-income countries. The findings revealed the association between Shigella and climatological factors, with sub-Saharan Africa being a high-risk region for transmission. These findings can guide prioritization of populations for future vaccine trials and campaigns.
LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
(2023)