Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Loren M. DeVito, Nir Barzilai, Ana Maria Cuervo, Laura J. Niedernhofer, Sofiya Milman, Morgan Levine, Daniel Promislow, Luigi Ferrucci, George A. Kuchel, Joan Mannick, Jamie Justice, Mitzi M. Gonzales, James L. Kirkland, Pinchas Cohen, Judith Campisi
Summary: Geroscience posits that aging is malleable and by targeting the hallmarks of biological aging, age-related diseases can be alleviated and longevity extended. Experts have made significant advancements in understanding the mechanisms underlying biological aging and identified ways to target aging pathways. Proof-of-concept studies and early-stage clinical trials are underway to assess the feasibility of drug evaluation in geroscience.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Lindsay E. Wu, Corrine E. Fiveash, Nicholas L. Bentley, Myung-Jin Kang, Hemna Govindaraju, Jayne A. Barbour, Brendan P. Wilkins, Sarah E. Hancock, Romanthi Madawala, Abhijit Das, Hassina Massudi, Catherine Li, Lynn-Jee Kim, Ashley S. A. Wong, Maria B. Marinova, Ghazal Sultani, Abhirup Das, Neil A. Youngson, David G. Le Couteur, David A. Sinclair, Nigel Turner
Summary: The NAD+-dependent deacylase family of sirtuin enzymes, including SIRT2, play important roles in biological aging, late-life health, and overall lifespan. However, the role of SIRT2 has been less clear. Previous studies showed that transgenic overexpression of SIRT2 can improve health and increase lifespan in a progeria model. In this study, the researchers tested whether SIRT2 overexpression would impact the overall health and lifespan of mice on a nonprogeroid, wild-type background. They found that SIRT2 overexpression did not have an additional impact on health or lifespan in these mice. Biochemical studies also revealed changes in brain metabolites in SIRT2 overexpressing mice, but these changes did not translate into functional differences.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Sandra McCune, Daniel Promislow
Summary: Dogs act as companions and can positively impact healthy aging for both older adults and dogs. Understanding the importance of healthspan and the relationship between humans and dogs in older age is crucial for promoting healthy, active aging. Future research should continue to explore the role of dogs in the lives of older adults.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Thais R. Peclat, Katie L. Thompson, Gina M. Warner, Claudia C. S. Chini, Mariana G. Tarrago, Delaram Z. Mazdeh, Chunlian Zhang, Jose Zavala-Solorio, Ganesh Kolumam, Yao Liang Wong, Robert L. Cohen, Eduardo N. Chini
Summary: Inhibiting CD38 enzyme can prolong the lifespan and healthspan of aged mice, improve exercise performance, endurance, and metabolic function, with differences observed between sexes.
Article
Cell Biology
Jose M. Izquierdo
Summary: In their recent study published in Nature, Debes et al. discovered an increase in RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-mediated transcriptional elongation speed associated with chromatin remodeling during aging in various organisms. This finding provides insights into the evolutionary conserved processes underlying aging and sheds light on the molecular and physiological mechanisms that influence healthspan, lifespan, and longevity.
Article
Cell Biology
Dionysios Xenos, Patrizia Mecocci, Virginia Boccardi
Summary: Metformin has shown potential in extending healthspan and lifespan in humans, based on evidence from lower organisms and mice. Further analysis of ongoing clinical trials may provide definitive answers on its role beyond treating T2DM.
MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Jason D. Plummer, Jay E. Johnson
Summary: Methionine restriction extends the healthspan of model organisms, and an intermittent form of methionine restriction produces similar metabolic effects to continuous restriction, including improved glucose homeostasis and protection against obesity and liver steatosis.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Tomiko Yoneda, Nathan A. Lewis, Jamie E. Knight, Jonathan Rush, Rebecca Vendittelli, Luca Kleineidam, Jinshil Hyun, Andrea M. Piccinin, Scott M. Hofer, Emiel O. Hoogendijk, Carol A. Derby, Martin Scherer, Steffi Riedel-Heller, Michael Wagner, Ardo van den Hout, Wenyu Wang, David A. Bennett, Graciela Muniz-Terrera
Summary: The study found that engaging in physical activity, especially before the onset of cognitive impairment, significantly reduces the risk of transitioning from nonimpaired to mildly impaired cognitive functioning and extends life expectancy. Additionally, physical activity also has a protective effect after the onset of cognitive impairment, although there is some heterogeneity between study results.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Physiology
Hugo M. Pereira, Sandra K. Hunter
Summary: This brief review provides evidence that simultaneous performance of a cognitive challenge and a motor task can negatively affect force steadiness and muscle fatigability during a static contraction. The negative impact is greater in older adults (>65 years old), particularly older women. Age-related mechanisms may explain the impairments in motor performance in the presence of a cognitive challenge, and these mechanisms may differ between men and women. These observations are highly relevant to older adults, especially in light of the increasing reliance on an aging workforce and the risk of accidents and injury during high cognitive-demand tasks.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Niccolo' Tesi, Sven J. van der Lee, Marc Hulsman, Iris E. Jansen, Najada Stringa, Natasja M. van Schoor, Philip Scheltens, Wiesje M. van der Flier, Martijn Huisman, Marcel J. T. Reinders, Henne Holstege
Summary: Studying centenarians can provide insights into extreme human longevity and age-related diseases. By constructing polygenic risk scores, researchers found genes associated with cellular differentiation, developmental processes, and stress response, contributing to the extended human lifespan. The results suggest that a combination of small advantageous genetic effects on aging-related mechanisms may help maintain overall health and decrease the risk of age-related diseases.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Huiyi Wu, Lei Huang, Shushan Zhang, Yang Zhang, Yajia Lan
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the associations between daytime napping, biological aging measures, and cognition, and examine whether the effects on cognition were mediated by a more advanced state of aging. It was found that non-nappers showed a more advanced state of aging and faster cognitive decline compared to moderate nappers. The results suggest that moderate napping could promote healthy aging and reduce cognitive decline in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Donghui Zhu, Axel Montagne, Zhen Zhao
Summary: AD is a neurodegenerative disease, with studies showing gender differences in risk and progression. The higher risk and progression of AD in women are largely attributed to distinct biological mechanisms, such as deviations in brain structure and biomarkers, psychosocial stress responses, genetic background, and more.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Qianqian Zhang, McKenna Angela Sun, Qiuzi Sun, Hua Mei, Hengyi Rao, Jianghong Liu
Summary: This study investigates the association between mental fatigue and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) among older adults. The results show that SCD is significantly influenced by age, gender, and mental fatigue factors such as difficulty getting things done, poor task performance, sleeping more, and a lack of energy. The study also highlights the importance of gender, income level, marital/living status, and mental fatigue in preventing SCD and developing early intervention strategies.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Ross Andel, Britney M. Veal, Virginia J. Howard, Leslie A. MacDonald, Suzanne E. Judd, Michael Crowe
Summary: Retirement represents a critical period for cognitive aging. A longitudinal study of Black and White adults aged >= 45 years found that cognitive functioning remained stable before retirement but declined significantly after retirement. The decline was more pronounced in White adults, especially men, compared to Black adults and women. Participants with higher education and greater work complexity had better cognitive function at retirement, but these factors were not significantly related to cognitive change after retirement.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Jessica M. Hoffman, Teresa G. Valencak
Summary: Women live longer than men globally, with the role of brown adipose tissue potentially contributing to this longevity advantage in females. Understanding the thermogenesis-metabolism nexus and sex differences in these factors may play a significant role in explaining the female longevity bias seen in human populations.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)