Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART B-CYBERNETICS
Volume 42, Issue 2, Pages 320-333Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2169452
Keywords
Manifold learning; multiview face recognition; nonlinear tensor decomposition; subspace analysis; TensorFace
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [60832005, 61172146]
- Ph.D. Programs Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China [20090203120011, 20090203110002]
- Key Science and Technology Program of Shaanxi Province of China [2010K06-12]
- Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China [2009JM8004]
- Xidian University [72105470]
- U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [IIS-0347613]
- NSF Division of Information and Intelligent Systems [1052851]
- FXPAL
- NEC Laboratories of America
- Div Of Information & Intelligent Systems
- Direct For Computer & Info Scie & Enginr [1052851] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Face images under uncontrolled environments suffer from the changes of multiple factors such as camera view, illumination, expression, etc. Tensor analysis provides a way of analyzing the influence of different factors on facial variation. However, the TensorFace model creates a difficulty in representing the nonlinearity of view subspace. In this paper, to break this limitation, we present a view-manifold-based TensorFace (V-TensorFace), in which the latent view manifold preserves the local distances in the multiview face space. Moreover, a kernelized TensorFace (K-TensorFace) for multiview face recognition is proposed to preserve the structure of the latent manifold in the image space. Both methods provide a generative model that involves a continuous view manifold for unseen view representation. Most importantly, we propose a unified framework to generalize TensorFace, V-TensorFace, and K-TensorFace. Finally, an expectation-maximization like algorithm is developed to estimate the identity and view parameters iteratively for a face image of an unknown/unseen view. The experiment on the PIE database shows the effectiveness of the manifold construction method. Extensive comparison experiments on Weizmann and Oriental Face databases for multiview face recognition demonstrate the superiority of the proposed V- and K-TensorFace methods over the view-based principal component analysis and other state-of-the-art approaches for such purpose.
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