Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING
Volume 56, Issue 3, Pages 949-963Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TSP.2007.907912
Keywords
Bayesian inference; latent subspace modeling; pattern classification; robust clustering methods
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Factor analysis is a statistical covariance modeling technique based on the assumption of normally distributed data. A mixture of factor analyzers can be hence viewed as a special case of Gaussian (normal) mixture models providing a mathematically sound framework for attribute space dimensionality reduction. A significant shortcoming of mixtures of factor analyzers is the vulnerability of normal distributions to outliers. Recently, the replacement of normal distributions with the heavier-tailed Student's-t distributions has been proposed as a way to mitigate these shortcomings and the treatment of the resulting model under an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm framework has been conducted. In this paper, we develop a Bayesian approach to factor analysis modeling based on Student's-t distributions. We derive a tractable variational inference algorithm for this model by expressing the Student's-t distributed factor analyzers as a marginalization over additional latent variables. Our innovative approach provides an efficient and more robust, alternative to EM-based methods, resolving their. singularity and overfitting proneness problems, while allowing for the automatic determination of the optimal model size. We demonstrate the superiority of the proposed model over well-known covariance modeling techniques in a wide range of signal processing applications.
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