Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Milad Qorbani, Turaj Amraee
Summary: The proposed Resilient TEP (RTEP) problem aims to find the optimal configuration of the transmission network considering security and resilience constraints. It minimizes the effects of cascading outages to reduce load curtailment. An iterative algorithm is used to estimate the size of cascading outages, while security constraints and resilience requirements are also taken into account.
ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Seyyed Rashid Khazeiynasab, Junjian Qi
Summary: This paper proposes an AC power flow based cascading failure model that takes into account external weather conditions, particularly extreme temperatures, to evaluate the impact of temperature disturbances on the initiation and propagation of cascading blackouts. The model simulates load and dynamic line rating changes due to temperature disturbances, evaluates probabilities for transmission line and generator outages, and calculates event timing to decide event sequences. Control strategies such as undervoltage load shedding and operator re-dispatch are modeled to prevent cascading failures, with simulation results validating the proposed model's effectiveness in assessing the risk of cascading and voltage instability caused by temperature disturbances.
JOURNAL OF MODERN POWER SYSTEMS AND CLEAN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Su Liu, Chengshuang Yin, Dingjun Chen, Hongxia Lv, Qingpeng Zhang
Summary: The study investigates the critical infrastructure interdependent networks of the syncretic railway network, finding that the network robustness increases with the number of nodes/sections in the network, but decreases with the number of interdependent nodes/sections.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Mohamad Reza Tavakoli, Akbar Ebrahimi, Mohammad Amin Latify
Summary: This paper presents an innovative approach for optimal AC transmission expansion planning to minimize the risk of cascading blackouts. The proposed method considers the actual aspects of the power system and focuses on minimizing the expected energy not supplied due to load shedding and the total investment and operational costs. The results show the benefits of the proposed AC model in mitigating cascading line outages in a more realistic framework.
IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Janusz W. Bialek, Vahid Vahidinasab
Summary: This paper proposes a defense mechanism called tree partitioning to replace controlled islanding for preventing cascading failures. The method keeps clusters connected while preventing the spread of line failures between clusters. The paper also offers a simple graph-theoretic justification and a two-stage methodology for implementing tree partitioning.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Huiqiong Deng, Qinbin Li, Junyuan Wu, Rongjin Zheng, Peiqiang Li
Summary: Cascading trips usually occur in the early stages of major power outages and are caused by power flow shifts after the initial failure. This paper presents a method to evaluate the relationship between the current operating status of the grid and the safety level of cascading trips, and proposes a solution based on an optimization model.
ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Matthias Noebels, Ian Dobson, Mathaios Panteli
Summary: Research shows that during extreme power outages, cascading effects can be divided into slow and fast phases, with the slow phase being the optimal time for operators to implement mitigation measures. The acceleration of common cascading outages is much lower than that of extreme cascades, indicating the need for ongoing research on mitigation strategies.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yumeng Liu, Tao Wang, Xueping Gu
Summary: The MSCC method proposes a multi-step corrective control to reduce the risk of cascading failures in power systems caused by overload, optimizing probability weighting expected cost and overload risk to achieve better performance compared to NCC.
IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jacques-Olivier Fortrat, Guillaume Rave
Summary: Research shows that cardiovascular self-organized criticality has been demonstrated. A model of autonomic nervous system changes was studied to better understand heart rate variability self-organized criticality. The model considered short and long-term autonomic changes associated with body position and physical training. The findings confirm the self-organized nature of heart rate variability and its link to autonomic standing adjustment, but the significance of deviations from Zipf's law remains unclear.
Review
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
M. Z. Zakariya, J. Teh
Summary: The paper discusses blackout and cascading failure in renewable power systems, covering their definition, causes, past events, and emerging challenges. It compares different models and proposes tradeoffs for achieving accuracy and reducing complexity. The study emphasizes the importance of dynamic models and highlights the need for grid-forming technology to analyze the impact of renewable energy on cascading failure. Researchers must develop sophisticated dynamic models with high-speed computational time for online monitoring, prediction, and mitigation of blackouts.
ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhonghua Qian, Yuxin Xiao, Luyao Wang, Qianjin Zhou
Summary: Based on precipitation data from the rainy season in east China, it was found that the quiet time of precipitation follows a power-law distribution. This pattern holds for different threshold levels and regions. These results confirm that precipitation is an example of self-organized criticality in the weather system of China. By analyzing the exponent, mean quiet time, and hazard function of the probability density function, sensitive regions for precipitation events in China can be identified.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Xikun Fu, Meng Huang, Shangzhi Pan, Xiaoming Zha
Summary: In this study, a cascading synchronization instability phenomenon in a multi-VSC grid is reported. It is found that both static interaction and dynamic interaction can affect the synchronization stability during the fault transient. Simulation and experimental results confirm the analysis.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Vetrivel Subramaniam Rajkumar, Alexandru Stefanov, Alfan Presekal, Peter Palensky, Jose Luis Rueda Torres
Summary: Cascading effects in the power grid can be caused by cyber attacks, which have become more prevalent with the increasing digitalisation of power systems. By studying historic blackouts and identifying key cyber-physical factors, we demonstrate the connection between cyber attacks and cascading failures. Our synthetic case-study and simulation results provide evidence for the impact of cyber attacks on power grids.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Rong Li, Pingfeng Ye, Donghai Jiang, Liwei Ma, Chenhao Sun
Summary: This study proposes a multi-regional interconnected transmission network optimization method based on analytical target cascading to address the challenges brought by the increasing penetration rate of intermittent renewable energy in power systems. By investigating the reactive power regulation characteristics of renewable energy and establishing models for wind turbine and photovoltaic generation, the power system is decomposed into multiple sub-systems and an optimal transmission switching model with renewable energies is established. The analytical target cascading approach is employed to achieve coordinated optimization of the complex transmission network by decomposing the model into main and sub-problems for parallel computation. The proposed model is verified using the IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems, showing its effectiveness in dealing with coupling nonlinear problems and promoting renewable energy consumption.
FRONTIERS IN ENERGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Alexander Milovanov, Jens Juul Rasmussen, Bertrand Groslambert
Summary: The research describes a new model of self-organized criticality, called the e-pile model, which uses electrically charged particles to propagate activities and generate a critical state. Inspired by dielectric relaxation in random lattices, the model can be applied to various SOC processes with random injection and lattice-redistribution rules. It shows that the critical state involves self-evolving random percolation clusters, different from known self-organized versions, and presents a set of critical exponents based on random walks and complex conductivity formalism.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Wenyun Ju, Ian Dobson, Kenneth Martin, Kai Sun, Neeraj Nayak, Iknoor Singh, Horacio Silva-Saravia, Anthony Faris, Lin Zhang, Yajun Wang
Summary: This article introduces a practical framework called Area Angle Monitoring (AAM) to monitor the stress of bulk power transfer across an area of a power transmission system in real time. It calculates area angle from synchrophasor measurements and proposes methods to determine warning thresholds and update them quickly under significant topology changes. Additionally, it offers a mitigation strategy for area stress and extends the application of AAM by estimating phase angles for boundary buses without synchrophasor measurements. The effectiveness of AAM is verified through simulated data and synchrophasor measurements in a specific power transmission area. The article also describes a utility deployment for real-time application of AAM with livestream and recorded synchrophasor data.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Kai Zhou, James R. Cruise, Chris J. Dent, Ian Dobson, Louis Wehenkel, Zhaoyu Wang, Amy L. Wilson
Summary: Transmission line outage rates are crucial for power system reliability analysis, but limited outage data pose challenges. A Bayesian hierarchical model is proposed in this study to estimate individual transmission line outage rates by leveraging line dependencies, resulting in more accurate estimates especially when outage data are scarce. The Bayesian estimates provide lower standard deviation and uncertainty estimates, which can improve system risk assessment and maintenance scheduling.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Matthias Noebels, Ian Dobson, Mathaios Panteli
Summary: Research shows that during extreme power outages, cascading effects can be divided into slow and fast phases, with the slow phase being the optimal time for operators to implement mitigation measures. The acceleration of common cascading outages is much lower than that of extreme cascades, indicating the need for ongoing research on mitigation strategies.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
B. Ph. van Milligen, A. V. Melnikov, B. A. Carreras, L. Garcia, A. S. Kozachek, C. Hidalgo, J. L. de Pablos, P. O. Khabanov, L. G. Eliseev, M. A. Drabinskiy, A. Chmyga, L. Krupnik
Summary: This study estimates the turbulent intermittence of plasma potential in the core plasma region of the TJ-II stellarator using heavy ion beam probe measurements, finding significant variations with plasma state and correlations with pressure gradient driven modes. The analysis also includes a rough reconstruction of a two-dimensional radial-poloidal map of intermittence, providing insights into the topological structure. Experimental results are compared with simulations using a resistive magneto-hydrodynamic turbulence model.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
B. Ph van Milligen, B. A. Carreras, I Voldiner, U. Losada, C. Hidalgo
Summary: This work investigates spontaneous electron to ion root transitions in TJ-II using Langmuir probes, reconstructing a spatiotemporal map of turbulent quantities evolution in the plasma edge region. It is found that turbulence condenses into a reduced number of dominant modes and becomes less bursty. Causal relationships between variables are studied using transfer entropy to offer a detailed understanding of the complex evolution of plasma during the confinement transition.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Nichelle'Le K. Carrington, Ian Dobson, Zhaoyu Wang
Summary: Resilience curves on electric distribution grids, which track outage accumulation and restoration during events, can always be decomposed into outage and restore processes. By characterizing the statistics of these processes using real utility data, formulas for resilience metrics can be derived to predict outcomes with confidence.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
K. Ichiguchi, Y. Suzuki, Y. Todo, S. Sakakibara, K. Ida, Y. Takemura, M. Sato, L. E. Sugiyama, B. A. Carreras
Summary: Research has shown that a transition from an interchange mode to a non-resonant mode can occur in large helical device (LHD) plasma with a net toroidal current, when the magnetic shear is weak and the rotational transform is close to unity. This transition leads to a reduction in the mode number of the dominant Fourier component.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
B. Ph van Milligen, B. A. Carreras, L. Garcia, G. Grenfell, I Voldiner, C. Hidalgo
Summary: This work explores the impact of an imposed radial electric field on the intermittence parameter in magnetically confined plasmas. The study shows that the intermittence parameter can be used to detect the minimum plasma rotation velocity and is highly sensitive to the magnetic configuration and flows.
PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Boyu Cheng, Linda Nozick, Ian Dobson
Summary: This article explores the optimal capacity investments to increase the resilience of electric power transmission systems to earthquakes and investigates the impact of cascading processes and different stages of the restoration process on these investments. Using a case study of the Eastern Interconnect transmission grid, it is found that cascades have little effect on capacity enhancement investments, but significantly impact the early stages of the restoration process.
EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
B. Ph van Milligen, I Voldiner, B. A. Carreras, L. Garcia, M. A. Ochando
Summary: In this study, we measured turbulent quantities inside the plasma edge in the TJ-II stellarator using a Langmuir probe during rotational transform scans. We found that the poloidal plasma velocity and radial electric field have a radial structure that relates to the rotational transform profile and lowest order rational surfaces. The particle flux and flow shear suppression term also exhibit a radial pattern, but their relation to the low-order rational surfaces is less clear. The results suggest the presence of an unknown term, the instability growth rate, in the turbulence evolution equation.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
S. R. Panta, D. E. Newman, P. W. Terry, R. Sanchez
Summary: The initiation, termination, and control of internal transport barriers associated with E x B flow shear near local minima of magnetic shear are studied to investigate the positive feedback loops in regimes with fusion self-heating. A five-field transport model is used to examine the effectiveness of external controls on profile evolution and the plasma response to external inputs.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
D. Gomila, B. A. Carreras, J. M. Reynolds-Barredo, P. Colet, O. Gomis-Bellmunt
Summary: Segmenting large power grids using controllable lines, such as high-voltage direct-current lines, can reduce the risk of large-scale blackouts caused by cascading failures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL POWER & ENERGY SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Studies
Uma S. Bhatt, Benjamin A. Carreras, Jose Miguel Reynolds Barredo, David E. Newman, Pere Collet, Damia Gomila
Summary: This study explores the impact of climate change on renewable energy supply and finds that this impact varies with location. It provides a framework to assess the optimal mix of renewables and changes in energy storage requirements, and demonstrates the effects on grid reliability and potential mitigation paths.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Benjamin A. Carreras, Pere Colet, Jose M. Reynolds-Barredo, Damia Gomila
Summary: A method to analyze blackout risk with high penetration of variable renewable energy sources is proposed, considering various factors in the long-term evolution of the power grid. It is found that the intrinsic variability of VRES increases grid stress and blackout risk, but a distributed implementation may have a positive impact on grid resilience.