Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION FORENSICS AND SECURITY
Volume 7, Issue 5, Pages 1566-1577Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TIFS.2012.2202227
Keywords
CFA artifacts; digital camera demosaicking; forgery localization; image forensics; tampering probability map
Funding
- REWIND Project
- Future and Emerging Technologies (FET) programme within the 7FP of the European Commission, under FET-Open Grant [268478]
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In this paper, a forensic tool able to discriminate between original and forged regions in an image captured by a digital camera is presented. We make the assumption that the image is acquired using a Color Filter Array, and that tampering removes the artifacts due to the demosaicking algorithm. The proposed method is based on a new feature measuring the presence of demosaicking artifacts at a local level, and on a new statistical model allowing to derive the tampering probability of each 2 x 2 image block without requiring to know a priori the position of the forged region. Experimental results on different cameras equipped with different demosaicking algorithms demonstrate both the validity of the theoretical model and the effectiveness of our scheme.
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