Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS
Volume 10, Issue 2, Pages 1003-1011Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TII.2014.2299236
Keywords
Battery management system (BMS); charge equalization; formal verification; lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries; model checking; safety; symbolic analysis laboratory (SAL)
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This paper presents a novel charge equalization technique seamlessly integrated into a modular Battery Management System (BMS) for lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. The charge equalizer is a crucial element for an effective use of a Li-ion battery consisting of many series-connected cells. We describe a fully distributed charge equalizer based on a circular balancing bus, which outperforms other recently published approaches. Its safety requirements have formally been verified using a model checker, showing that formal methods and, in particular, the Symbolic Analysis Laboratory environment, can be effective to verify the safety requirements of a BMS.
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