Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael F. Dahlstrom
Summary: Science and storytelling have different perspectives on truth, with storytelling being able to both contribute to scientific misinformation and help science counter it by providing meaning to reality.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Gal Rosenzweig
Summary: In the criminal process, impressions reported by witnesses are assessed and determined by fact finders based on their perceptions. However, this subjective method has been shown to be flawed and can result in wrongful convictions, as highlighted by the Innocence Project. Current approaches in legal literature to manage mistakes are inconsistent with the scientific understanding of the need for external validity measurements, indicating the need for new perspectives on the search for truth and justice in the legal system.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Suneil A. Raju, Anupam Rej, David S. Sanders
Summary: Wheat, and the gluten it contains, are relatively new introductions to the human diet, with cultivation beginning around 9000 BC. The increased global wheat output in the 20th century has led to a higher prevalence of gluten-related disorders, such as coeliac disease. However, there is also a growing number of individuals without coeliac disease who choose to follow a gluten-free diet, raising uncertainties in the understanding and management of gluten-related disorders.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jana Christopher
Summary: The article discusses the existence of paper mills selling fake scientific manuscripts and how they may fabricate raw data to respond to journal requests. Without real data, paper mills might create fake raw data images using templates. Various methods for generating fake Western blot images are mentioned, emphasizing the importance of scrutinizing image data to prevent publication of incorrect information.
Article
Mathematics
Pablo Pincheira-Brown, Andrea Bentancor, Nicolas Hardy
Summary: This paper examines a specific type of inefficiency resulting from simple combination schemes, known as Mincer and Zarnowitz inefficiency or auto-inefficiency. Linear convex forecast combinations are shown to be almost always auto-inefficient, suggesting that greater reductions in mean squared prediction errors are almost always possible. It is also demonstrated that the commonly considered optimal weighted average may be inefficient as well.
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Matti Eklund
Summary: Deflationism about truth raises questions about the characterization of concepts and properties, with different interpretations in the literature. Further exploration is needed to carefully distinguish these issues.
Article
Economics
Rafi Hossain
Summary: This paper investigates the impact of state corporate tax rate changes on CEO pay, finding that tax cuts have a statistically significant effect on executive compensation among all publicly traded firms in the US, with a greater impact observed in the S&P 500 and S&P 100.
APPLIED ECONOMICS LETTERS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Christine Laine, Stephanie Chang
Summary: The article reports the final update of a living systematic review on the effectiveness of masks in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection. The editorial discusses the findings, the reasons for disagreement on the effectiveness of masking interventions, and the need for specific studies to determine under what conditions masking interventions can prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Marijn Verbeke, Guy Torfs, Pieter Rombouts
Summary: This study examines CDR systems utilizing different thresholds for phase adjustment, finding that eliminating 2-level transitions can reduce jitter injected by the phase detector, but also decreases system robustness. For CDR systems with three thresholds, the combination of majority voting and elimination of 2-level transitions can improve performance.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS
(2021)
Article
Business
Andrew Park, Nura Jabagi, Jan Kietzmann
Summary: The arrival of 5G network technology has brought great enthusiasm and high expectations for its potential uses in autonomous vehicles, virtual reality, and Internet-of-Things devices. However, most business managers and executives lack understanding of the technology and struggle to assess its appropriateness for their operations.
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Jan Pitha, Rudolf Poledne
Summary: Fish oils can lower blood lipids and protect against cardiovascular events, mainly through anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid, have the best results and are recommended for patients with dyslipidemias, especially those at high risk for cardiovascular disease.
CURRENT ATHEROSCLEROSIS REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Stefania Grzeszczyk
Summary: Professor Kuhl established the foundation for the production of geopolymers, introducing the modulus of clinker lime saturation and lime criterion. His patents in 1907 regarding cement and concrete activation laid the groundwork for the development of geopolymers.
CEMENT WAPNO BETON
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Jordana George, Natalie Gerhart, Russell Torres
Summary: The multidisciplinary review of fake news phenomenon covers topics related to stimuli, actions, and outcomes, such as motivation, fabrication, propagation, persuasion, conviction, polarization, and aversion. Important relationships to understand societal impact include the cycle of amplification, the cycle of fragmentation, and the progression from social polarization and aversion into motivation for more fake news. Different roles in the fake news ecosystem include creators, consumers, influencers, endorsers, propagators, and resistors.
JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Felix Gille
Summary: Trust is crucial for the success of health care. The diversification of trust constructs in marketing, public, and political debate has led to confusion. To address this, the author proposes that the essence of trust lies in telling the truth and allowing individuals to make choices. The conceptual framework of trust is defined as communication, truthful information, autonomy, alternatives, and no guarantee.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Book Review
Anthropology
Michael Kleinod
Summary: This article provides a review of Bram Buscher's book The Truth about Nature: Environmentalism in the Era of Post-truth Politics and Platform Capitalism (2021).
