Article
Optics
Yang Li, Guoqing Zhou, Shencheng Tian, Xuejing Liu, Xiangmei Dong, Xiumin Gao
Summary: This research paper presents a non-magnetic heating structure based on laser heating principle, which improves the heating efficiency and temperature uniformity of the vapor cell by adding graphite film to balance temperature distribution and enhance conduction efficiency.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Weiyu Zhao, Yang Li, Yu Wang, Qingyu Yan, Qiuyang Song, Chencheng Wang, Xiangyu Kang, Xiumin Gao
Summary: The sensitivity optimization of the atomic magnetometer is always a problem due to the interaction of multiple parameters. Research shows that the probe laser power has the greatest impact on the performance of the atomic magnetometer and is the parameter with the highest linearity with it.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jin Zhang, Kangni Liu, Jianfeng Zhang, Ziji Wang, Jintang Shang
Summary: This article demonstrates the simulated MCG measurements using a microfabricated SERF atomic magnetometer, achieving clear cardiomagnetic signals after denoising in a magnetic shield, showing great potential for MCG measurements and NMRI applications.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Yao Wei, Li Xing, Yueyang Zhai, Wenfeng Fan, Chi Fang, Feng Liu, Wei Quan
Summary: In this paper, a theoretical model containing three parameters of the probe beam is established, and the influence of probe power density on the transient and steady-state response of the SERF co-magnetometer is analyzed. A new measurement method for transverse optical pumping of the probe beam is proposed based on the transient response model. A steady-state error suppression method is suggested by adjusting the degree of circular polarization of the probe beam in the steady-state response model. The suppression method is then used to refine the SERF co-magnetometer and achieve a suppression rate of 70.31% in transverse electron spin polarization fluctuations, improving the stability of the co-magnetometer to 0.0079(circle) h(-1).
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Si-Yuan Hao, Xiao-Ping Lou, Jing Zhu, Guang-Wei Chen, Hui-Yu Li
Summary: The study found that the shape of the holes in the cylinder has little impact on the shielding property, while the material permeability is the main conduction path. Moreover, the anisotropy of shielding property caused by hole structural differences needs special attention.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Xiujie Fang, Danyue Ma, Tian Zhao, Wenfeng Fan, Wei Quan, Zhisong Xiao, Yueyang Zhai
Summary: This study presents a method for simultaneously measuring the spin polarization of 21Ne and Rb atoms and verifies its fast measurement speed, high accuracy, and low influence on spin polarization through experiments.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Feng Liu, Lihong Duan, Wenfeng Fan, Haoying Pang, Sixun Liu, Jiaqi Wu, Wei Quan
Summary: The study investigates the impact of light shift caused by circularly polarized light on the comagnetometer and proposes a new method to suppress the total light shift by adjusting the vapor cell temperature. This method effectively reduces the error induced by the pumping light and cross-talk effect between the axes, without requiring additional hardware or sacrificing pumping efficiency. Additionally, the relationship between total relaxation rate and cell temperature is briefly discussed.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yao Wei, Sixun Liu, Feng Liu, Wenfeng Fan, Yueyang Zhai, Wei Quan
Summary: In this paper, a model of the polarization in relation to the probe light frequency for a hybrid pumping cell is established, and the existence of a theoretical optimum frequency is discovered. Experimental verification shows that the SERF co-magnetometer operates with significantly enhanced stability when operating at this optimization frequency. Based on this model, a detuned frequency stabilization technique is proposed, which improves the long-term stability of the probe light frequency.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Qiang Guo, Xuewen Li, Ning Zhang, Jixi Lu, Danyue Ma, Ziwen Li, Shuo Jiang
Summary: This study focuses on the spatial distribution homogeneity of the atomic number density in alkali metal cells within a SERF magnetometer, proposing an effective method for monitoring and analyzing it. Experimental results show that an increase in temperature leads to a nonuniform number density distribution, informing the optimization of the optical system of the atomic magnetometer.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Florian Wittkaemper, Theo Scholtes, Sven Linzen, Mario Ziegler, Ronny Stolz
Summary: Measurements of weak magnetic fields require a small distance between the sensor and the to-be-measured object. Optically pumped magnetometers utilize laser light and the Zeeman effect in alkali vapor cells to measure these fields. By comparing the implementation of gold mirrors with and without a passivation layer, it is found that mirrors with a passivation layer have higher reflectivity and can be used in alkali vapor cells for optically pumped magnetometers.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Se-Ho Kim, Su-Hyun Yoo, Poulami Chakraborty, Jiwon Jeong, Joohyun Lim, Ayman A. El-Zoka, Xuyang Zhou, Leigh T. Stephenson, Tilmann Hickel, Joerg Neugebauer, Christina Scheu, Mira Todorova, Baptiste Gault
Summary: Metal nanogels possess a large surface area, high structural stability, and high catalytic activity, which are determined by the atomic-level distribution of their constituents. However, analyzing their subnanoscale structure and composition for property optimization is challenging. In this study, Pd nanogels were synthesized and an analysis revealed that impurities from the reactants integrated into the grain boundaries, which are typically sites of high catalytic activity. The level of impurities was found to be controlled by the reaction conditions, offering opportunities for designing new nanogels.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yintao Ma, Yao Chen, Libo Zhao, Guoxi Luo, Mingzhi Yu, Yanbin Wang, Ju Guo, Ping Yang, Qijing Lin, Zhuangde Jiang
Summary: This study presents a spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) atomic magnetometer based on a non-magnetic heating chip. The heating chip is fabricated using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology and its temperature stability and magnetic current coefficient are tested. The experimental results show high measuring sensitivity, indicating the potential application of this atomic magnetometer in magnetic source imaging and magnetic anomaly detection.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Songsong Li, Yi Zhang, Yuan Tian, Jiehua Chen, Sihong Gu
Summary: The proposed scheme for a Bell-Bloom atomic magnetometer utilizes a single beam and periodic modulation of light synchronized with Larmor precession. The alternation between polychromatic and monochromatic light allows for optimal interaction with atoms, achieving a sensitivity of 0.25 pT/Hz(1/2) at 1 Hz. This approach is ideal for developing compact, miniaturized magnetometers.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Optics
Marcus Seidel, Federico Pressacco, Oender Akcaalan, Thomas Binhammer, John Darvill, Nagitha Ekanayake, Maik Frede, Uwe Grosse-Wortmann, Michael Heber, Christoph M. Heyl, Dmytro Kutnyakhov, Chen Li, Christian Mohr, Jost Mueller, Oliver Puncken, Harald Redlin, Nora Schirmel, Sebastian Schulz, Angad Swiderski, Hamed Tavakol, Henrik Tuennermann, Caterina Vidoli, Lukas Wenthaus, Nils Wind, Lutz Winkelmann, Bastian Manschwetus, Ingmar Hartl
Summary: The study reports a novel FEL facility laser that combines high average power output and pulse compression for studying ultrafast processes. Compared to other lasers, this new system has improved noise figures, compactness, simplicity, and power efficiency. It provides high-energy, short-duration pulses that can be adjusted through computer control.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Kang Yang, Yongle Zhang, Qiannian Zhang, Ahui Zhao, Hongwei Zhang, Dengchao Huang, Xiangyan Kong
Summary: The study introduces a modified hybrid method combining analytical solutions with finite element analysis (FEA) to improve the design efficiency and validity of a magnetically shielded cylinder (MSC) for spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) magnetometers. By optimizing structural parameters and testing shielding performance, the MSC achieved superior magnetic field shielding and uniformity.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Pengcheng Fan, Heng Yuan, Lixia Xu, Jixing Zhang, Guodong Bian, Mingxin Li, Zhuo Wang
Summary: The adjusted Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence was used to detect C-13 nuclear spin signals coupled to a negatively-charged nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond, achieving high resolution detection. The improved frequency resolution and coherence dips width offer a promising approach to enhance the identification of nuclear spins in coupled electron-nuclear spin systems. The adjusted method can also be applied to other dynamical decoupling sequences for further improvement in spin detection.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Jiong Huang, Wenfeng Fan, Zhuo Wang, Linlin Yuan, Kai Zhang, Hongyu Pei, Haoying Pang, Wei Quan
Summary: In this study, a steady-state response model considering the misalignment error of the pumping laser is established, and an in-situ evaluation method for this error is proposed. Based on the evaluation method, the influence of this misalignment error on the pumping efficiency and the performance of the atomic comagnetometer (ACM) is quantitatively analyzed. Furthermore, a pumping laser alignment method based on the second harmonic of a single-beam magnetometer is proposed, and its effectiveness is verified through experiments.
Article
Optics
Sixun Liu, Ruigang Wang, Linlin Yuan, Jiaqi Wu, Qi Yuan, Jun Zhu, Wenfeng Fan, Zhuo Wang, Pengcheng Du
Summary: This paper proposes a novel method for rapid measurement of transverse light-shift based on the error of steady-state response of co-magnetometer in spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) co-magnetometer. The sources of transverse light-shift in a compact SERF co-magnetometer are modeled and analyzed, and decoupling and suppression methods based on a degree of circular polarization (DOCP) regulation scheme are presented. The suggested DOCP regulation scheme achieves more than a 67% suppression ratio in transverse light-shift.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Zhuo Wang, Mengliang Fang
Summary: This article proposes a new controller design method for the trajectory tracking problem of robots with imprecise dynamic properties and interference. By utilizing the tracking error memory data of state variables to construct control law, the proposed method eliminates tracking errors caused by system interference and inaccurate system modeling, and achieves interference compensation, resulting in the desired dynamic performance of the system.
OPTIMAL CONTROL APPLICATIONS & METHODS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Chang Liu, Zhuo Wang, Renquan Lu, Tingwen Huang, Yong Xu
Summary: This paper studies the issue of finite-time state estimation for discrete-time Markovian bidirectional associative memory neural networks. It considers the asymmetrical system mode-dependent time-varying delays and uses a Markov chain to describe the inconstant measurement. A nonfragile estimator is designed to improve robustness and stochastically bounded stability is guaranteed under certain conditions. An example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the state estimation.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND LEARNING SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Ruigang Wang, Feng Li, Zehua Liu, Bodong Qin, Li Xing, Zhuo Wang
Summary: This study presents a novel method using circularly polarized pump light on polarized alkali metal atoms to measure the number density of K in K-Rb hybrid vapor cells. This method eliminates the need for additional devices such as absorption spectroscopy, Faraday rotation, or resistance temperature detector technology. The proposed method is real-time, highly stable, and a quantum nondemolition measurement that does not disrupt the SERF regime. Experimental results demonstrate its effectiveness in increasing the long-term stability of electron spin polarizations.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Linlin Yuan, Jiong Huang, Wenfeng Fan, Zhuo Wang, Kai Zhang, Hongyu Pei, Ze Cai, Hang Gao, Sixun Liu, Wei Quan
Summary: In this paper, a three-dimensional model and measurement method are proposed to study the transverse nuclear spin relaxation in the spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) comagnetometer. The model explains the observed plateau in the polarization gradient relaxation rate (PGRR), and the measurement method confirms the significance of PGRR in the SERF comagnetometer. This research supports improving the long-term stability of the SERF comagnetometer and can be applied to other atomic sensors.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zhihong Wu, Haoying Pang, Zhuo Wang, Wenfeng Fan, Feng Liu, Hongyu Pei, Wei Quan
Summary: A novel strategy is proposed in this study for designing uniform magnetic field and gradient magnetic field coils considering the boundary effect of magnetic shielding. This strategy uses intelligent optimization algorithm to transform the complex coil design problem into the spatial optimization problem. By combining the mirror method with Green's function, the magnetic field can be accurately calculated, and by combining the target field method (TFM) with the whale optimization algorithm, the stream functions can be optimized using adaptive ridge regression. The proposed method significantly reduces the magnetic field deviation in the target area compared to the conventional TFM.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Zhuo Wang, Ruigang Wang, Sixun Liu, Li Xing, Bodong Qin
Summary: This article proposes a series of control strategies for ensuring the ultrastable measurement of the spin-exchange relaxation-free comagnetometer system, including finite-time fractional exponential feedback control and finite-time robust FEFC.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CYBERNETICS
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Chang Liu, Yuru Guo, Zhuo Wang, Yong Xu, Chun-Yi Su
Summary: This study addresses the problem of estimator design for a class of nonuniformly sampled neural networks when the sampling interval is inaccessible to the estimator. A new quantization model based on a hidden Markov chain is proposed, where the emission probability depends on the network status and sampling interval. By assuming that the data receiver can recognize the quantization density instead of the sampling interval, two variables called hidden mode and observed mode are defined, and the associated observed mode-dependent estimator is designed. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through an example.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN CYBERNETICS-SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Sixun Liu, Zhuo Wang, Yueyang Zhai
Summary: In this paper, a complex refractive index model for spin ensembles under hybrid optical pumping is established and a optical heterodyne-based scheme for atomic density detection is proposed. Experimental results verify that the proposed scheme has high detection sensitivity and immunity to laser power fluctuation.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Feng Li, Zhuo Wang, Ruigang Wang, Sixun Liu, Bodong Qin, Zehua Liu, Xinxiu Zhou
Summary: In this article, a previously undescribed controller design architecture using the constrained dynamic action space Q-learning algorithm is developed to solve the triaxial drift magnetic field compensation problem for the spin-exchange relaxation-free comagnetometer. The architecture consists of offline training and online deployment, where the control strategies are obtained through the CDA-Q algorithm trained with simulated environment. Numerical simulations and comparative experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method, which outperforms the existing method by 67.56%.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Tiexiao Xu, Le Jia, Zhuo Wang, Xinda Song, Tengyue Long, Zhendong Wu, Zhaoxin Duan
Summary: This paper proposes a novel temperature control method for improving the performance of a spin-exchange relaxation-free atomic magnetometer. The method combines active disturbance rejection control with interval stability analysis, achieving both controller stability and accurate state estimation while improving tuning efficiency. Compared to traditional methods, this approach reduces heating time, eliminates overshooting, decreases temperature fluctuation, and enhances disturbance rejection capability. It also eliminates magnetic noise interference and reduces temperature conduction time delay, resulting in stable output signals and improved sensitivity. This method enhances the adaptability of the atomic magnetometer to complex environments and has potential applications in the medical field.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zhihong Wu, Haoying Pang, Zhuo Wang, Wenfeng Fan, Feng Liu, Hongyu Pei, Wei Quan
Summary: This study proposes a novel method to address the effect of magnetic field gradients on spin-exchange relaxation-free gyroscopes (SERFG). By in situ measuring and compensating the magnetic field gradient, the sensitivity and stability of the instrument are improved.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Ruigang Wang, Zhuo Wang, Sixun Liu, Tao Li, Feng Li, Bodong Qin, Qinglai Wei
Summary: This work solves the 3-D spin polarization control problem of atomic ensembles by utilizing multiphysics fields. A novel adaptive dynamic programming structure is proposed, along with a multicritic multiaction neural network, to solve the multiplayer nonzero-sum game problem. The proposed algorithm is validated through numerical simulations in a spin-exchange relaxation-free system.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND LEARNING SYSTEMS
(2022)
