Review
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Rahul Soni, Bhinal Mehta
Summary: Transformers are crucial elements in modern power systems, and they have undergone significant improvements over time. They are essential for interconnected power systems due to considerations such as reliability, efficiency, economy, wide applications, and operation. However, due to environmental concerns, limited stock, high petroleum prices, and disposal issues, researchers and the transformer industry are paying more attention to biodegradable and renewable insulating oil as an alternative to mineral oil. This article provides a detailed review of transformer condition monitoring and the investigation of environmentally friendly dielectric fluids, discussing their excellent insulation lifecycle, compatibility, and performance compared to traditional mineral oil-based fluids in compliance with standards.
ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Atip Doolgindachbaporn, George Callender, Paul Lewin, Edward Simonson, Gordon Wilson
Summary: This paper investigates the condition monitoring of power transformers and proposes a machine learning-based approach for modeling their thermal behavior. The results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed model over traditional thermal models and present an algorithm for identifying incipient thermal faults, which enables timely alerts and interventions.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ivan V. Bryakin, Igor V. Bochkarev, Vadim R. Khramshin, Vadim R. Gasiyarov, Ivan V. Liubimov
Summary: The authors review the techniques used for diagnosing oil aging and propose a new diagnostic method based on a high-frequency measuring loop. They analyze the key physical processes and develop an algorithm for computing the resistances of transformer oil and impurities. The monitoring system allows for determining moisture content, dielectric losses, and content of dissolved gases in the oil. Experimental studies confirm the operability and efficiency of the system.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Reza Emadifar, Navid Taghizadegan Kalantari, Vahid Behjat, Reza Najjar
Summary: Measuring furan concentration in transformer oil is an important way to monitor insulation paper and estimate its degree of polymerization. This study reviews the various methods for measuring furan concentration, with a focus on ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy in old transformer oil. The study finds that excessive turbidity and noise at low wavelengths are the main challenges of this method, but proposes solutions such as diluting the oil and using average absorption to overcome these challenges. The results show a strong correlation between 2-furaldehyde (2-FAL) concentration and average absorption intensity, with a recommended optimal measurement wavelength range.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION
(2022)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Lan Jin, Dowon Kim, Ahmed Abu-Siada, Shantanu Kumar
Summary: A power transformer is a critical and expensive asset in electric power systems. To improve its reliability and lifespan, new condition monitoring technologies should be adopted. Online and offline monitoring techniques for oil-immersed transformers have gained attention, and this paper provides a review of these technologies along with future trends.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Song Xiao, Haoying Wu, Nan Li, Xiangyu Tan, Haocheng Deng, Xiaoxing Zhang, Ju Tang, Yi Li
Summary: This study designed an oil droplet triboelectric nanogenerator (Oil-droplet TENG) to investigate the charge transfer properties at the oil-solid interface. It reveals that electron species initially dominate the oil-solid triboelectrification and proposes a charge transfer principle in multi-component liquid mixtures. Additionally, a tubular-TENG is designed as a self-powered sensor for transformer oil trace water detection.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiansheng Li, Zhi Li, Judong Chen, Yifan Bie, Jun Jiang, Xiaoping Yang
Summary: A transformer bushing model was established to gain theoretical insight into the relationship between temperature and pressure of a compact multilayer bushing; different sealing conditions were tested based on temperature and pressure monitoring within a physical 110 kV bushing to diagnose mechanical sealing failure. Proposed primary and auxiliary criteria based on oil pressure and its gradient provide comprehensive evaluation of the actual sealing condition.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Vijay V. Kondalkar, Jihoon Park, Keekeun Lee
Summary: This report introduces a MEMS gas sensor system for dissolved hydrogen gas analysis, providing effective monitoring of transformer operational status and maintenance of safety standards in the power grid.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ruimin Song, Weigen Chen, Ziyi Wang, Zhixian Zhang, Yingzhou Huang, Jianxin Wang
Summary: This study presents a novel approach using dual-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for sensing liquid components. The method employs a centrifugal extractor for selective enhancement of targeted components, and utilizes a liquid-core fiber to optimize laser transmission and Raman signal collection efficiency. The system demonstrates fast, stable, and adaptable performance, suitable for the detection of a wide range of liquid ingredients.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Obaidur Rahman, Tarikul Islam, Aqueel Ahmad, Shaheen Parveen, Neeraj Khera, Shakeb A. Khan
Summary: This paper proposes a cross capacitance sensor for on-site testing of transformer oil that overcomes limitations of traditional sensors. Through finite element analysis, the sensor is simulated to estimate the concentration of insulation degradation by-products in oil. Experimental validation shows that the sensor's response is linear and highly sensitive.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jiefeng Liu, Boshu Song, Enze Zhang, Heng Zhang, Yiyi Zhang, Hui Hwang Goh
Summary: This work proposes a two-stage residual lifespan prediction model for insulating paper based on methanol and furfural indicators. The changes in the contents of methanol and furfural in the oil are examined to determine two demarcation points for dividing the insulation's life into different aging stages. By coupling with the second-order aging kinetic equation, the two-stage residual lifespan model is obtained. The proposed model is proven to be valid with a mean absolute percentage error of 5.6% for insulating paper's residual lifespan when compared to the conventional method of using a single indicator.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jiefeng Liu, Chuhan Geng, Xianhao Fan, Yiyi Zhang, Heng Zhang
Summary: This study explores the impact of partial oil replacement on the dynamic diffusion behavior of furfural in oil-pressboard insulation. A theoretical model, diffusion coefficients, and a formula for calculating diffusion equilibrium time were established to provide a method for analyzing the impact of the oil replacement ratio on the dynamic diffusion of furfural.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Geye Lu, Dayong Zheng, Qinghao Zhang, Pinjia Zhang
Summary: This article aims to enhance online monitoring of converter transformers through the development of electrical ageing evaluation models for different types of transformer insulation and the establishment of transfer function measurement for interlayer (IL) insulation monitoring using common-mode (CM) voltages. The proposed method has been validated to be effective and has good application prospect.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Shailesh Kumar, Kuldeep Kumar Raina, Tarikul Islam
Summary: A capacitive humidity sensor for online monitoring of transformer moisture was developed in this study, with sensitivity optimized by controlling the pore morphology of a nano structured thin film of Al2O3. The sensor's responses were tested under varying humidity conditions and compared between different development conditions. The sensor showed sensitivity for detecting moisture in the range of 180 ppm to 1000 ppm, and corrective action based on its response can improve the long-term condition of the transformer.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Mridula, Shufali Ashraf Wani, A. J. Amalanathan, R. Sarathi
Summary: The present study aims to explore the use of synthetic ester fluid as a transformer insulant. The performance of thermally aged synthetic ester is investigated using corona inception voltage (CIV) measurement, fluorescent analysis, and dielectric spectroscopic studies. The results indicate that thermal aging and magnetic field have a negative impact on the performance of the synthetic ester, leading to reduced inception voltage and accelerated insulation degradation.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Daniel Martin, Tapan Saha, Tony Gray, Ken Wyper
IEEE ELECTRICAL INSULATION MAGAZINE
(2015)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Daniel Martin, Tapan Saha, Richard Dee, Gary Buckley, Srinivasan Chinnarajan, Greg Caldwell, Jian Bin Zhou, Gary Russell
IEEE ELECTRICAL INSULATION MAGAZINE
(2015)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Daniel Martin, Yi Cui, Chandima Ekanayake, Hui Ma, Tapan Saha
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY
(2015)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Daniel Martin, Tapan Saha, Caesar Perkasa, Nick Lelekakis, Tim Gradnik
IEEE ELECTRICAL INSULATION MAGAZINE
(2016)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yi Cui, Hui Ma, Tapan Saha, Chandima Ekanayake, Daniel Martin
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY
(2016)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yi Cui, Hui Ma, Tapan Saha, Chandima Ekanayake, Daniel Martin
IET SCIENCE MEASUREMENT & TECHNOLOGY
(2016)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Daniel Martin, Judith Marks, Tapan Saha
IEEE ELECTRICAL INSULATION MAGAZINE
(2017)
Editorial Material
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Dan Martin
IEEE ELECTRICAL INSULATION MAGAZINE
(2017)
Review
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Daniel Martin, Tapan Saha
IEEE ELECTRICAL INSULATION MAGAZINE
(2017)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Daniel Martin, Olav Krause, Tapan Saha
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY
(2017)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Daniel Martin, Tapan Saha, Lindsay McPherson
IEEE ELECTRICAL INSULATION MAGAZINE
(2017)
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
D. Martin, T. Saha, O. Krause, V. Clarkson
2016 IEEE INNOVATIVE SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES - ASIA (ISGT-ASIA)
(2016)
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
D. Martin, T. Saha, O. Krause
2016 IEEE INNOVATIVE SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES - ASIA (ISGT-ASIA)
(2016)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
D. Martin, O. Krause, T. Saha, C. Feely
2015 IEEE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF DIELECTRIC MATERIALS
(2015)
Proceedings Paper
Energy & Fuels
Yi Cui, Hui Ma, Tapan Saha, Chandima Ekanayake, Daniel Martin
2015 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING
(2015)
