4.4 Article

Review of Rain Attenuation Studies in Tropical and Equatorial Regions in Malaysia: An Overview

Journal

IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE
Volume 55, Issue 1, Pages 103-113

Publisher

IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/MAP.2013.6474490

Keywords

Rain attenuation; terrestrial measurement; tropical region

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Rain is a major source of attenuation for microwave propagation above 10 GHz. In tropical and equatorial regions, the rain intensity is high. Therefore, designing terrestrial and Earth-to-satellite microwave links is very critical and challenging. The raindrop-size distribution and the rain-rate distribution are two important parameters used for attenuation prediction. Both are proposed based on measured data and the rain-rate conversion technique. In this paper, rain attenuation was directly measured at different frequencies for terrestrial and Earth-to-satellite links, in order to investigate prediction models. The reduction factor and frequency scaling were investigated and proposed to predict total attenuation. Worst-month and annual statistics were also analyzed, based on measurements. Moreover, this paper summarizes all contributions related to rain-caused attenuation for microwave propagation in Malaysia's tropical climate.

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