Journal
IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE
Volume 51, Issue 2, Pages 11-25Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/MAP.2009.5162013
Keywords
Radio frequency identification; RFID; backscatter radio; link budgets; radio propagation; scattering; back propagation; transponders; radar cross sections; diversity methods; polarization
Funding
- National Science Foundation (NSF) [0546955, 0120967]
- Center on Materials and Devices for Inforination Technology Research (CMDITR)
- NSF Science and Technology Center (STC)
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Materials Research [0120967] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Electrical, Commun & Cyber Sys [0546955] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Backscatter radio - wireless communication by modulating signals scattered from a transponder (RF tag) - is fundamentally different from conventional radio because it involves two distinct links: the power-up link for powering passive RF tags, and the backscatter link for describing backscatter communication. Because of severe power constraints on the RF tag, a thorough knowledge of the backscatter channel is necessary to maximize backscatter-radio and radio-frequency identification (RFID) system performance. This article presents four link budgets that account for the major propagation mechanisms of the backscatter channel, along with a detailed discussion of each. Use of the link budgets is demonstrated by a practical UHF RFID portal example. The benefits of future 5.8 GHz multi-antenna backscatter-radio systems are shown. An intuitive analogy for understanding the antenna polarization of RF tag systems is presented.
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