Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Melissa Gonzalez-Soto, David M. Mutch
Summary: This review highlights that mRNA expression and activity of desaturase and elongase enzymes are influenced by various dietary components, including macronutrients, micronutrients, and polyphenols. Understanding how these components influence LC-PUFA synthesis will help further our understanding of how dietary patterns impact disease risks, from caloric excesses to micronutrient deficiencies.
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
E-Ming Rau, Inga Marie Aasen, Helga Ertesvag
Summary: Thraustochytrids are marine eukaryotic microbes that produce the essential fatty acid DHA, with different genera and species producing various unsaturated fatty acids. A study found that a protein annotated as T66Des9 in a transgenic strain can synthesize specific fatty acids, suggesting a potential evolutionary link between Delta 9-desaturase and Delta 12-desaturase. This discovery provides new insights into fatty acid biosynthesis in thraustochytrids.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Yao Zhang, Yanxia Wang, Junhuan Yang, Wu Yang, Xiuwen Wang, Chen Wu, Yuanda Song
Summary: In this study, genetically engineered strains of Mucor circinelloides overexpressing CBH2 and D6 genes were constructed to effectively use cellulose for GLA synthesis. The coexpression of CBH2 and D6 significantly increased the biomass, lipid yield, and GLA production compared to the control strain. This work provides a theoretical basis for the transformation of cellulose into functional GLA.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Agnieszka Stawarska, Malgorzata Czerwonka, Rafal Wyrebiak, Robert Wrzesien, Barbara Bobrowska-Korczak
Summary: The study showed that a diet enriched with zinc has anti-tumor effects in rats with breast cancer, reducing tumor number and size, as well as cholesterol and cholesterol oxidation products levels. Zinc nanoparticles influence fatty acid profile and inhibit desaturating enzyme activity in rats' serum.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Pin-Yang Tu, Shin-Jie Huang, Venugopal Rajanbabu, Jen-Leih Wu, Jyh-Yih Chen
Summary: D56 in tilapia regulates pathways and genes related to fatty acid metabolism, inflammation, and immune response, enhancing resistance against V. vulnificus infection.
Article
Plant Sciences
Xiaolin Si, Shiheng Lyu, Quaid Hussain, Hongyu Ye, Chunying Huang, Yan Li, Jianqin Huang, Jianjun Chen, Ketao Wang
Summary: This study identified the SAD gene family in C. cathayensis and investigated the role of CcSSI2-1, CcSSI2-2, and CcSAD6 in oleic acid accumulation. The findings have important implications for improving the oleic acid content in this species through genetic manipulation.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Terue Kawabata, Hideoki Fukuoka, Michiru Harada, Kumiko Shoji, Yoshinori Kubo, Chisato Mori, Kenichi Sakurai, Takeshi Ohkubo, Kyoichi Oshida, Yuichiro Yamashiro
Summary: The increase in fetal requirements of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids during pregnancy alters maternal fatty acid metabolism, and FADS gene polymorphisms may change blood fatty acid composition differently. The study investigated the relationship between a FADS1 SNP and maternal serum LCPUFA levels in Japanese pregnant women. The results showed that LCPUFAs significantly decreased as pregnancy progressed and certain fatty acids were significantly associated with the number of minor FADS1 SNP alleles, indicating genotype effects become more obvious later in pregnancy.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yue Liu, Yin-Yin Xia, Ting Zhang, Yang Yang, Richard D. Cannon, Toby Mansell, Boris Novakovic, Richard Saffery, Ting-Li Han, Hua Zhang, Philip N. Baker
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and desaturase activities throughout pregnancy. The results showed significant changes in fatty acid levels and desaturase activities in GDM patients compared to non-GDM controls. Particularly, delta-5 desaturase and delta-9-18 desaturase activities may play a role in the pathophysiology of GDM, suggesting potential applications for early diagnosis and management.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chenxuan Wang, Barbora Hucik, Ousseynou Sarr, Liam H. Brown, Kyle R. D. Wells, Keith R. Brunt, Manabu T. Nakamura, Ewa Harasim-Symbor, Adrian Chabowski, David M. Mutch
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the impact of a D6D deficiency on triacylglycerol storage and lipolytic and lipogenic pathways in white adipose tissue. The results showed that a D6D deficiency alters fatty acid cycling in adipose tissue by promoting lipolysis and reducing fatty acid re-esterification.
JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Hannah J. Lusk, Nicholas Neumann, Madeline Colter, Mary R. Roth, Pamela Tamura, Libin Yao, Sunitha Shiva, Jyoti Shah, Kathrin Schrick, Timothy Durrett, Ruth Welti
Summary: A mass spectrometry-based screening identified a mutant Salk_109175C with altered leaf chloroplast glycerolipid composition. Further analysis revealed that the altered lipid composition phenotype was caused by a splice-site mutation in the At4g30950 locus, which resulted in the functional loss of the plastidial omega-6 desaturase FAD6.
PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jay Shockey, Matthew K. Gilbert, Gregory N. Thyssen
Summary: Researchers successfully identified a mutant allele in a fatty acid desaturase gene that is responsible for the high oleic acid content in certain cotton accessions. They also found that the missing amino acid residues in the mutant protein are not essential for enzyme activity but are necessary for proper subcellular targeting. This discovery will facilitate breeding programs to introduce the high oleic acid trait into other cotton varieties.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cesare Castellini, Simona Mattioli, Elena Moretti, Elisa Cotozzolo, Francesco Perini, Alessandro Dal Bosco, Cinzia Signorini, Daria Noto, Giuseppe Belmonte, Emiliano Lasagna, Gabriele Brecchia, Giulia Collodel
Summary: This study assesses the gene expression and localization of enzymes involved in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids in male reproduction. Different tissues and cells showed varying distribution of enzymes and PUFA, with multiple enzymes and fatty acids found in the epididymis. These findings contribute to understanding the causes of male infertility and suggest personalized therapy approaches.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ran Zhao, Chen-Ru Yang, Ya-Xin Wang, Zi-Ming Xu, Shang-Qi Li, Jin-Cheng Li, Xiao-Qing Sun, Hong-Wei Wang, Qi Wang, Yan Zhang, Jiong-Tang Li
Summary: This study identified two duplicated fads2 genes in common carp and found that fads2b plays a more important role in HUFA synthesis. This research is of great significance for understanding the synthesis mechanism of HUFA.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Chen Wu, Nan Jiang, Ruhong Wang, Shanshan Jiang, Zhijia Yuan, Xue Luo, Junrui Wu, Haisu Shi, Rina Wu
Summary: By overexpressing Mucor circinelloides FADS12 in G. candidum, the production of linoleic acid (LA) can be increased in Geotrichum-ripened cheeses, thereby converting saturated fatty acids (SFAs) to unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Additionally, the introduction of soybean byproduct (okara) further enhances the level of LA.
JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chunzhen Cheng, Fan Liu, Xueli Sun, Bin Wang, Jiapeng Liu, Xueting Ni, Chunhua Hu, Guiming Deng, Zheng Tong, Yongyan Zhang, Peitao Lu
Summary: Fatty acid desaturase (FAD) plays important roles in plant growth, development, and defense processes. In this study, we identified and classified 27 MaFAD genes into five subfamilies based on amino acid sequence similarities. The expansion of the MaFAD gene family is mainly attributed to segmental duplication events. We also discovered miRNAs targeting MaFADs and various regulatory elements in their promoters, indicating the complex regulation of MaFAD expression. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed significant differential expression of MaFADs under high and low temperature, as well as the influence of FocTR4 and S. indica on MaFAD expression and fatty acid accumulation in banana roots. Overall, our study highlights the importance of MaFADs in banana's response to temperature stress and fungal colonization.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)