Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Rui Wang, Jimmy C. H. Fung, Alexis K. H. Lau
Summary: Precise and timely rainfall nowcasting is crucial for ensuring public safety during heavy precipitation-induced disasters. However, the effectiveness of deep-learning models in nowcasting is still hindered by limited forecasting skill, insufficient training data, and escalating blurriness in forecasts. To address these challenges, we propose the Synthetic-data Task-segmented Generative Model (STGM), which demonstrates promising skill for precipitation forecasts up to six hours and significantly reduces the blurriness of predicted images.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Himanshu Sekhar Sethi, Nirvikar Dashora
Summary: A novel software-defined radio receiver using GNU Radio, USRP front end, and Yagi antenna is developed for recording meteor echoes in passive mode using FM broadcast. The system automatically detects echoes and identifies different phase patterns of the received signals. Statistical analysis of meteor counts provides information on duration, population size, and estimation of echo height. This low-cost, low-power, portable, passive, and automated system is highly useful for understanding meteor phenomena and estimating atmospheric parameters.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Ningyu Liu, Olaf Scholten, Joseph R. Dwyer, Brian M. Hare, Christopher F. Sterpka, Julia N. Tilles, Frank D. Lind
Summary: Recent observations from LOFAR show that multiple, spatially distributed corona bursts can occur in lightning processes with a timescale of 10 microseconds. This poses a challenge for radio interferometers, requiring simulation studies to understand the implications.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Philip D. Gingerich
Summary: Rates are widely used in geological sciences to characterize processes, with the numerator representing change or difference and the denominator corresponding to an interval of time. Temporal scaling examines the relationship between differences, rates, and their associated time intervals, often analyzed on logarithmic axes. Geological studies commonly involve rates dependent on denominators due to observed changes being constrained to a narrower range compared to the longer spans of geological time. When rates are dependent on denominators, comparisons must be made on a common scale of time.
EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Ralph D. Lorenz
Summary: New analysis of Cassini radar altimeter data reveals the depth and composition of Moray Sinus, an inlet at the northern margin of Titan's largest sea, Kraken Mare. The absence of a bottom echo on Kraken Mare suggests it may be very deep, ethane-rich, or both. This research provides insight into Titan's seas and climate.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Robert M. Beauchamp, Simone Tanelli, Ousmane O. Sy
Summary: Pulse compression technology plays a crucial role in spaceborne weather radar systems, requiring consideration of Doppler-range migration effects. There is greater interdependence between radar systems and operations, with radar signal simulation being used to predict and optimize radar performance.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
S. Prabu, P. Hancock, X. Zhang, S. J. Tingay, T. Hodgson, B. Crosse, M. Johnston-Hollitt
Summary: In this paper, two methods, namely shift-stacking and phase correction, are demonstrated to improve the detection sensitivity of the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) in the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) environment. These methods have been successfully tested in previous observations and an observation of the International Space Station (ISS) pass. The paper also discusses the expected sensitivity improvement from the MWA Phase 3 correlator upgrade and the future integration of MWA technologies into dedicated Space Domain Awareness (SDA) systems.
ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
D. E. Lalich, V Poggiali, A. G. Hayes, M. Mastrogiuseppe, M. J. Malaska, L. R. Schurmeier
Summary: The formation and evolution of mountains on Titan remain poorly understood due to a lack of high-resolution topographic data. By increasing the resolution of the Cassini RADAR altimeter, we found that mountain elevations on Titan vary greatly over short distances, with many mountain ranges eroded down to the plains level.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Stuart Anderson
Summary: This paper examines the ocean monitoring capabilities of HF skywave radars, focusing on ocean current mapping and wave measurements. It explores new possibilities and provides technical details for their implementation. The examples presented highlight the relevance and value of the information generated by these radars for various activities such as shipping, fishing, offshore resource extraction, agriculture, communications, weather forecasting, and climate change studies.
Article
Optics
Jiachen Li, Sigang Yang, Hongwei Chen, Minghua Chen
Summary: The study presents a hybrid microwave photonic receiver prototype that integrates key components made of different materials to process signals, offering advantages such as wide operational bandwidth and low SWaP, suitable for applications in wireless communication, radar systems, and electronic warfare.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Xiaoqiang Liang, Da Hu, Yongsuo Li, Yunyi Zhang, Xian Yang
Summary: This study innovatively detects underground pipelines using ground penetrating radar (GPR), and the results show that the GPR-based urban underground pipeline detection technology has high accuracy and reliability, making it suitable for high-level detection tasks under complex conditions.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Andrew D. Parsekian, Richard H. Chen, Roger J. Michaelides, Taylor D. Sullivan, Leah K. Clayton, Lingcao Huang, Yuhuan Zhao, Elizabeth Wig, Mahta Moghaddam, Howard Zebker, Kevin Schaefer
Summary: This study validates airborne SAR-derived ALT estimates in three regions of Alaska, USA using calibrated ground penetrating radar (GPR) geophysical data. The remotely sensed ALT estimates matched the field observations within uncertainty for 79% of locations, suggesting that SAR is an effective tool to monitor permafrost measurements.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jochen Horstmann, Jan Bodewadt, Ruben Carrasco, Marius Cysewski, Jorg Seemann, Michael Stresser
Summary: This paper introduces a coherent on receive marine radar based on an incoherent off the shelf pulsed X-band radar, and discusses the method of calculating radial speed maps of ocean surface backscatter using Doppler shift frequencies.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yijun Huang, Yadong Fan, Li Cai, Si Cheng, Jianguo Wang
Summary: This paper introduces a new thunderstorm identification algorithm based on total lightning activity and analyzes the influence of spatio-temporal parameters. The evaluation method includes four criteria: fitting area, area proportion, number, and utilization rate. Experimental results demonstrate that the combined 8-connectivity method outlines lightning clusters better.
EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Lei Wu, J. Brendan Murphy, Cecilio Quesada, Zheng-Xiang Li, John W. F. Waldron, Simon Williams, Sergei Pisarevsky, William J. Collins
Summary: This study investigates the formation of the supercontinent Pangea during the mid-to-late Paleozoic and the debates surrounding continental collision based on paleomagnetic and geological data. The results suggest that Pangea likely initiated at around 400 million years ago through the collision between two continents, culminating in the convergence between them.
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Amanda R. Hendrix, Terry A. Hurford, Laura M. Barge, Michael T. Bland, Jeff S. Bowman, William Brinckerhoff, Bonnie J. Buratti, Morgan L. Cable, Julie Castillo-Rogez, Geoffrey C. Collins, Serina Diniega, Christopher R. German, Alexander G. Hayes, Tori Hoehler, Sona Hosseini, Carly J. A. Howett, Alfred S. McEwen, Catherine D. Neish, Marc Neveu, Tom A. Nordheim, G. Wesley Patterson, D. Alex Patthoff, Cynthia Phillips, Alyssa Rhoden, Britney E. Schmidt, Kelsi N. Singer, Jason M. Soderblom, Steven D. Vance
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Z. Zhang, A. G. Hayes, I. de Pater, D. E. Dunn, M. A. Janssen, P. D. Nicholson, J. N. Cuzzi, B. J. Butler, R. J. Sault, S. Chatterjee
Article
Geography, Physical
J. D. Phillips, R. C. Ewing, R. Bowling, B. A. Weymer, P. Barrineau, J. A. Nittrouer, M. E. Everett
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
C. Swann, D. Sherman, R. C. Ewing
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2020)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
A. Gunn, P. Schmutz, M. Wanker, D. A. Edmonds, R. C. Ewing, D. J. Jerolmack
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2020)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
M. Nachon, S. Borges, R. C. Ewing, F. Rivera-Hernandez, N. Stein, J. K. Van Beek
EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
C. Gadal, C. Narteau, R. C. Ewing, A. Gunn, D. Jerolmack, B. Andreotti, P. Claudin
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2020)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Mathieu G. A. Lapotre, Ryan C. Ewing, Michael P. Lamb
Summary: This study investigates the climate indication role of large ripples formed in fine sand on Mars, and synthesizes the debate on the mechanism of ripple formation. Despite remaining knowledge gaps, it is clear that large ripples are larger under thinner atmospheres.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
A. Gunn, M. Wanker, N. Lancaster, D. A. Edmonds, R. C. Ewing, D. J. Jerolmack
Summary: Research shows that sand and dust in desert areas experience a daily rhythm of nonequilibrium atmospheric boundary layer convection, leading to significant sand transport phenomena. A global analysis reveals a connection between surface wind speed and diurnal temperature cycles, contributing to climate feedback mechanisms that may impact desert expansion and dune activity on Mars.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Steven G. Banham, Sanjeev Gupta, David M. Rubin, Kenneth S. Edgett, Robert Barnes, Jason Van Beek, Jessica A. Watkins, Lauren A. Edgar, Christopher M. Fedo, Rebecca M. Williams, Kathryn M. Stack, John P. Grotzinger, Kevin Lewis, Ryan C. Ewing, Mackenzie Day, Ashwin R. Vasavada
Summary: Lithified aeolian strata contain valuable information about ancient planetary surface processes and climate conditions. Decoding these strata can provide insights into sediment transport processes, bedform kinematics, depositional landscape, and past climates.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
D. R. Hood, R. C. Ewing, K. P. Roback, K. Runyon, J-P Avouac, M. McEnroe
Summary: Ripples on Martian sand dunes can be mapped and tracked using high-resolution optical images, providing insights into airflow dynamics including wind direction and speed. Changes in ripple patterns reflect interactions between wind forces and dune topography, while ripple migration rates indicate the response of dunes and airflow dynamics.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
A. T. Hayden, M. P. Lamb, P. M. Myrow, D. Mohrig, R. M. E. Williams, J. L. Cuevas Martinez, B. T. Cardenas, C. P. Findlay, R. C. Ewing, B. J. McElroy
Summary: The study of fluvial fan deposits from the Oligocene-Miocene Caspe Formation in Spain provides insights into the early martian hydrological system and the estimate of fluvial activity duration on Mars. The findings suggest the possibility of long depositional timespans exceeding millions of years for martian fans, based on similarities between Mars and the terrestrial analog.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
George D. McDonald, Joshua Mendez Harper, Lujendra Ojha, Paul Corlies, Josef Dufek, Ryan C. Ewing, Laura Kerber
Summary: This study suggests that surface modification on Jupiter's moon Io may not only be attributed to lava emplacement and volcanic plume deposits, but also to wind-blown transport of sediment. Interactions between lava and sulfur dioxide frost may produce vapor flows dense enough to mobilize sand grains, with saltation potentially occurring if frost temperatures surpass 155 K. Ridge-like features on Io could be evidence of aeolian sediment transport.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Don R. Hood, S. F. Sholes, S. Karunatillake, C. Fassett, R. C. Ewing, J. Levy
Summary: In this study, a tool called Martian Boulder Automatic Recognition System (MBARS) is developed to automatically locate and measure boulders on the surface of Mars. This tool enables rapid and accurate assessments of boulder populations, providing insights into the processes that have operated on the Martian surface.
EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
L. Rubanenko, A. Gunn, S. Perez-Lopez, L. K. Fenton, R. C. Ewing, A. Soto, M. G. A. Lapotre
Summary: The morphology of dunes on Mars can be used to investigate its atmosphere. A convolutional neural network was used to characterize over 700,000 barchans globally, revealing that their migration aligns with known atmospheric circulation patterns and is affected by topographic roughness. This study provides insights into aeolian processes on Mars and can aid in predicting future missions.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Maria Angeles Lopez-Cayuela, Maria-Paz Zorzano, Juan Luis Guerrero-Rascado, Carmen Cordoba-Jabonero
Summary: The atmospheric dust cycle on Mars plays a dominant role in the planetary radiative balance, atmospheric photochemistry escape, and redistribution of materials on the surface. A methodology is presented to accurately describe the annual dust redistribution cycle on Mars using orbital global and seasonal measurements of atmospheric dust opacity. The analysis shows that approximately 4 trillion kilograms of dust is transported globally in the atmosphere during a typical Mars year.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Audrey Vorburger, Shahab Fatemi, Shane R. Carberry Mogan, Andre Galli, Lucas Liuzzo, Andrew R. Poppe, Lorenz Roth, Peter Wurz
Summary: The study presents new model results for the composition of Ganymede's atmosphere, finding that sublimation remains the major source process for H2O, while radiolysis induced by auroral electrons dominates the source fluxes for O2 and H2.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Qi He, Zhi Cao, Yuqi Qian, Hejiu Hui, Ioannis Baziotis, Long Xiao, Zaicong Wang, Biji Luo, Yiheng Li, Zongjun Ying, Yang Li
Summary: The Chang'e-5 mission collected lunar soil containing magnesian troctolitic granulites, which provide valuable information on the composition of the lunar crust. Through analysis and modeling, it is suggested that these granulites may have originated from the Pythagoras crater and were transported to the landing site.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Jordan M. Bretzfelder, Kathryn M. Stack, Abigail A. Fraeman, Mackenzie Day, William E. Dietrich, Alexander B. Bryk
Summary: This study investigates the development of bedrock ridges on Mars and their implications for wind history, deposition, and erosion in Gale crater.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Lot Ram, Diptiranjan Rout, Rahul Rathi, Paul Withers, Sumanta Sarkhel
Summary: This study investigates the impacts of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) on the Martian ionosphere, specifically the behavior of the ionospheric peak density and height during ICME passages. The study used observations from the Radio Occultation Science Experiment (ROSE) aboard the MAVEN spacecraft and selected 8 ICMEs from existing catalogs. The results show that ICMEs lead to an elevation of the ionospheric peak height and a decrease in peak density, and propose that vertical pressure gradient and electron temperature enhancement are plausible causes for ionospheric variability.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Benoit Jabaud, Riccardo Artoni, Gabriel Tobie, Erwan Le Menn, Patrick Richard
Summary: The Cassini spacecraft discovered active jets of water vapour and ice grains at the South Pole of Enceladus, resulting in the deposit of freshly erupted materials on the moon's icy surface. Similar processes may be happening on Europa as well. Determining the mechanical properties of fresh icy powder-like materials is essential for future landing and sampling missions. The flowability and surface energy of ice powders decrease with increasing temperatures, which may have implications for stable landing and the flow of ice materials on Enceladus and Europa.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Lydie Bonal, Eric Quirico, Gilles Montagnac, Mutsumi Komatsu, Yoko Kebukawa, Hikaru Yabuta, Kana Amano, Jens Barosch, Laure Bejach, George D. Cody, Emmanuel Dartois, Alexandre Dazzi, Bradley De Gregorio, Ariane Deniset-Besseau, Jean Duprat, Cecile Engrand, Minako Hashiguchi, Kanami Kamide, David Kilcoyne, Zita Martins, Jeremie Mathurin, Smail Mostefaoui, Larry Nittler, Takuji Ohigashi, Taiga Okumura, Laurent Remusat, Scott Sandford, Miho Shigenaka, Rhonda Stroud, Hiroki Suga, Yoshio Takahashi, Yasuo Takeichi, Yusuke Tamenori, Maximilien Verdier-Paoletti, Shohei Yamashita, Tomoki Nakamura, Hiroshi Naraoka, Takaaki Noguchi, Ryuji Okazaki, Hisayoshi Yurimoto, Shogo Tachibana, Masanao Abe, Akiko Miyazaki, Aiko Nakato, Satoru Nakazawa, Masahiro Nishimura, Tatsuaki Okada, Takanao Saiki, Kanako Sakamoto, Satoshi Tanaka, Fuyuto Terui, Yuichi Tsuda, Tomohiro Usui, Sei-ichiro Watanabe, Toru Yada, Kasumi Yogata, Makota Yoshikawa
Summary: This paper focuses on characterizing the thermal history of asteroid Ryugu by studying the structure of polyaromatic carbonaceous matter in the returned samples. The study finds that there is no structural difference in the polyaromatic component between the two sampling sites on Ryugu, indicating that the thermal metamorphism related to radioactive decay was not significant. However, some structural variability is observed within the particle set.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
M. Luginin, A. Fedorova, D. Belyaev, F. Montmessin, O. Korablev, J. -l. Bertaux
Summary: Spectroscopic solar occultation measurements by the SPICAV/SOIR instrument onboard the Venus Express orbiter provided new data on the upper haze aerosol properties, its distribution, and variations. A joint analysis of data from two spectrometers revealed a bimodal distribution in about 50% of observations previously believed to be unimodal, and characterized the size distribution 10 km higher in the atmosphere compared to previous analysis.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
A. Mahieux, S. Viscardy, K. L. Jessup, F. P. Mills, L. Trompet, S. Robert, S. Aoki, A. Piccialli, A. C. Vandaele
Summary: We report on the mean upper limit number densities and volume concentrations of H2CO, O-3, NH3, HCN, N2O, NO2, NO, and HO2 at the Venus terminator above the cloud layer. Attempts to detect these species using a statistical algorithm and the method presented by Trompet et al. (2021) were unsuccessful, and upper limits of detection are provided.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
P. M. Streeter, S. R. Lewis, M. R. Patel, J. A. Holmes, K. Rajendran
Summary: The northern polar vortex on Mars shows a high degree of interannual repeatability in its structure and evolution, except during large dust storms. The seasonal timing of these storms seems to be the key factor determining their impacts on the polar vortex.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Michael T. Mellon, Hanna G. Sizemore, Jennifer L. Heldmann, Christopher P. McKay, Carol R. Stoker
Summary: The search for life is a major focus of Mars exploration, with temperature and water activity being key factors for habitability. The most recent habitable conditions occurred about 510 kyrs ago and lasted for about 10s of kyrs each occurrence. All latitudes offer potential for life exploration, but middle-latitude sites have access to 100-kyr-old ice that experienced past habitable conditions, while high-latitude sites offer access to ancient ice over 1 Myrs old.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Anthony Ozerov, Jeffrey C. Smith, Jessie L. Dotson, Randolph S. Longenbaugh, Robert L. Morris
Summary: The Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) instruments, with their large combined field of view, are useful for studying the population of atmospheric phenomena like bolides. However, there are biases when using GLM for non-lightning purposes, which need to be studied and accounted for before precise measurements of bolide flux can be obtained. A Bayesian Poisson regression model was developed to estimate instrumental biases and the latitudinal variation of bolide flux concurrently. The estimated bias corresponds to the known sensitivity of the GLM instruments, and the latitudinal flux variation estimates are consistent with a strong bias towards high-velocity bolides, as compared to existing theoretical models.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
P. Beck, P. Y. Meslin, A. Fau, O. Forni, O. Gasnault, J. Lasue, A. Cousin, S. Schroeder, S. Maurice, W. Rapin, R. C. Wiens, A. M. Ollila, E. Dehouck, N. Mangold, B. Garcia, S. Schwartz, W. Goetz, N. Lanza
Summary: Analysis of data obtained by ChemCam on Mars reveals that the carbon signal is mainly related to ionization of the atmosphere, with variability potentially linked to the physical state of the atmosphere. Up to sol 3355, no carbonate was detected in the ChemCam dataset, suggesting that it is not a major constituent (>50%) in the analyzed targets and that carbon in soils is not enriched beyond the limit of detection. The dominant salts found in Gale are sulfate and chlorides, while the absence of carbonates, seen in Jezero, may be due to differences in protolith.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Eloy Pena-Asensio, Jaakko Visuri, Josep M. Trigo-Rodriguez, Hector Socas-Navarro, Maria Gritsevich, Markku Siljama, Albert Rimola
Summary: The observation of interstellar objects 1I/'Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov suggests the existence of a larger population of smaller projectiles that impact our planet with unbound orbits. A statistical evaluation of uncertainties in the CNEOS database and study of its hyperbolic fireballs reveals an anisotropic geocentric radiant distribution and low orbital inclinations, challenging the assumption of a randomly incoming interstellar population. These findings suggest that apparent interstellar meteors may, in fact, be the result of accelerated meteoroid impacts caused by close encounters with massive objects within or passing through our solar system.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Cecilia W. S. Leung, Leslie K. Tamppari, David M. Kass, German Martinez, Erik Fischer, Michael D. Smith
Summary: Using a combination of orbital and surface observations, this study investigates the vertical distribution of water vapor in the lower atmospheres of Mars. The findings suggest that the assumption of uniformly mixed water vapor in the boundary layer is not always consistent with observational constraints. The results provide important insights into the seasonal transport of water and the role of regolith-atmospheric exchange.