Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Shuainan Ni, Hepeng Zhang, Chenhao Liu, Yun Gao, Hao Su, Xiaoqi Sun
Summary: This study aims to improve the extraction process for efficient and clean extraction of rare earths from ion-absorbed rare earth deposits. The extraction-precipitation strategy based on long-chain saturated fatty acids as precipitants successfully recovered rare earths from the leach solutions. This strategy offers advantages in terms of low cost, simplicity, high efficiency, sustainability, and low energy consumption.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Aditya Ranjan Ray, Sujata Mishra
Summary: Modern scientific progress has made rare earth elements more important due to their specific chemical and physical properties. Proper handling and recovery of valuable products like rare earths will address environmental and societal issues caused by mining and industrial waste.
SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Lina Qiu, Jiandi Li, Weiwei Zhang, Aijun Gong, Xiaotao Yuan, Yang Liu
Summary: The study investigated the extraction and back-extraction effects of TODGA on various rare earth elements, achieving optimal experimental conditions by adjusting parameters. The results showed that TODGA had good separation effects on La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III), Nd(III), and mixed rare earths.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Wenjie Zhang, Dongxia Feng, Xian Xie, Xiong Tong, Yunpeng Du, Yang Cao
Summary: Solvent extraction is a crucial method for rare earth extraction and separation. In this study, the unsaponification extraction of light rare earth ions in a hydrochloric acid medium by the HDEHPP350 system was investigated. The results show that HDEHP-P350 has a good separation effect for light rare earths and is easy to strip. The structure of the extracted complex is determined through analysis and discussion.
JOURNAL OF RARE EARTHS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Hongxiang Xu, Li Zhang, Zengrui Pang, Zhenlei Wang, Weichao Li, Jiushuai Deng
Summary: Ionic liquids have been widely used for metal ion extraction and separation due to their excellent dissolving and selecting ability. A suitable ionic liquid, [N1888][P507], was selected using the COSMO-RS method, and when mixed with TRPO, it showed high extractabilities and selectivities for heavy rare earths, making it an effective and environmentally friendly option for extraction and separation processes.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Gaoshan Yu, Zhiyuan Zeng, Yun Gao, Shuainan Ni, Hepeng Zhang, Xiaoqi Sun
Summary: This article studied the separation of aluminum (Al) and rare earth (RE) elements using the carboxylic acid extractant 4-octyloxybenzoic acid (POOA) from ion adsorbed RE ores. The extraction and separation performance of POOA in chloride system was systematically studied by changing parameters such as pH value, temperature, solvent, and saponification degree. The results showed that POOA had a good separation effect on Al and RE, and it achieved better phase separation compared to easily emulsified naphthenic acid. The developed extraction system can be almost completely stripped under the condition of low concentration stripping acid.
JOURNAL OF RARE EARTHS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yi Zhang, Weidong Guo, Donghao Liu, Jie Xu
Summary: The novel ionic liquids synthesized in this study show excellent extractability and selectivity for Nd(III) and Sc(III), as well as outstanding separation properties between rare-earth and first row transition-metal ions. The extraction mechanism indicates that the rare-earth complex extracted in the ionic liquid phase is structurally similar to those obtained with neutral extractants, providing a new approach for the future recycling of rare-earth metals.
JOURNAL OF RARE EARTHS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Nagaphani Kumar Batchu, Zheng Li, Bram Verbelen, Koen Binnemans
Summary: The extraction efficiency of rare-earth elements is related to the basicity of the extractant molecules; extractants with longer alkyl chains exhibit higher metal extraction efficiencies; extraction from ethylene glycol solutions is more effective than from aqueous solutions.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Abderraouf Soukeur, Anthony Szymczyk, Yassine Berbar, Mourad Amara
Summary: This study experimentally validated the feasibility of extracting rare earth elements from industrial waste, identified optimal extraction conditions and methods, and investigated the effects of two organic phosphorous extractants in the separation process of rare earth elements.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yeguang Wang, Chengjun Liu
Summary: This study investigated the influence of combined treatment with rare earth-alkali metals on the composition and deformability of inclusions in stainless steel. The results show that the deformability of inclusions can be improved by modifying their composition through Ce and Ca treatment. Thermodynamic analysis was used to discuss the control conditions for the formation and evolution of inclusions.
JOURNAL OF RARE EARTHS
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Arsyad Maulana Dzulqornain, Ana Belen Cueva-Sola, Kyeong Woo Chung, Jin-Young Lee, Rajesh Kumar Jyothi
Summary: This study presents a hydrometallurgical process for the separation of light rare earth elements (LREEs) using oxidation, precipitation, solvent extraction, and stripping techniques. Selective oxidation with potassium permanganate was employed for the separation of cerium (III). Solvent extraction with Cyanex 572 and cross-current scrubbing were used to achieve the separation of lanthanum (III) from neodymium (III) and praseodymium (III).
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bin Yang, Suo-Zhi Wu, Xin-Yu Liu, Zeng-Xin Yan, Yu-Xue Liu, Qi-Song Li, Feng-Shan Yu, Jun-Lian Wang
Summary: A solid-phase extraction resin SIRs-P227/XAD-7HP was prepared by impregnating extractant P227 onto macroporous resin XAD-7HP beads. The resin was characterized and studied for adsorption kinetics, particle size effect, adsorption isotherm, pH- lg D relationship, desorption, adsorption selectivity for heavy rare earths, and impurity ions. The experimental results showed good adsorption kinetics for Lu(III) and decreased adsorbance with increasing particle size.
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Purva Paranjape, Manishkumar D. Yadav
Summary: With the rapid development of technology, electronic devices are becoming obsolete quickly, resulting in a growing amount of electronic waste. Recycling and extracting metals from this waste pose a significant challenge, as an effective technology is needed to achieve high recovery rates, low cost, and minimal environmental impact. This mini-review highlights the various recycling routes and recent advances in metal extraction from electronic waste, with a focus on valuable metals and rare earth elements. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects in the field are discussed, and suggestions for future research are provided.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Guolong Wu, Wuping Liao
Summary: This study investigated the extraction and separation of Al3+ from a chloride solution of rare earths using PPPA as the extractant. Factors such as pH value, temperature, and saponification degree were found to affect the extraction. Increasing the temperature facilitated the separation of aluminum from rare earths. A cascade extraction process successfully removed Al3+ from a chloride liquor of the rare earth ore, achieving a high recovery rate of rare earths.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Shailee Bhattacharya, Vikas Agrawal, Shikha Sharma
Summary: This study investigated the distribution and enrichment of rare earth elements (REYs) in Marcellus and Haynesville Shale samples in the US. The results showed that REYs in these shales are primarily contributed by carbonate and siliciclastic inputs, and the low extraction efficiency may be due to the high amount of refractory aluminosilicate/clay fraction in the samples.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Arsyad Maulana Dzulqornain, Ana Belen Cueva-Sola, Kyeong Woo Chung, Jin-Young Lee, Rajesh Kumar Jyothi
Summary: This study presents a hydrometallurgical process for the separation of light rare earth elements (LREEs) using oxidation, precipitation, solvent extraction, and stripping techniques. Selective oxidation with potassium permanganate was employed for the separation of cerium (III). Solvent extraction with Cyanex 572 and cross-current scrubbing were used to achieve the separation of lanthanum (III) from neodymium (III) and praseodymium (III).
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Bo Chen, Shenxu Bao, Yimin Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the effects of Al, Fe, P, Si and Na on the precipitation characteristics of vanadium in the ultrasound precipitation system. The concentration upper limits and the negative influence on the precipitation kinetics were determined for each impurity. The findings provide theoretical and technical support for the industrial application of ultrasound precipitation technology.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Chunlin He, Mingwei Qi, Yun Liu, Zunzhang Liu, Yuezhou Wei, Toyohisa Fujita, Guifang Wang, Shaojian Ma, Wenchao Yang, Junyuan Gan
Summary: In this study, D201 x 7 resin and tartaric acid were used as materials and complexing agents for the separation of germanium from sulfuric acid solution. The study successfully achieved the separation of germanium and demonstrated the high selectivity and adsorption performance of the resin.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Xiaobo Zhu, Yue Liu, Chen Ma, Wang Li
Summary: A selective and highly effective method for the extraction and separation of V(IV) and Fe(III) using N235 and P507 as solvent extractants is proposed. The pH, composition, and concentration of the extractant mixture have significant effects on the extraction efficiency and separation factor. The mixing of P507 and N235 generates the P507 monomer, which enhances the extraction efficiency and weakens the stability of vanadium containing extraction complex. Cation exchange process forms the extraction complexes.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
B. Behnajady, J. Yousefi Seyf, S. Karimi, M. Moradi, M. Sohrabi
Summary: Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have potential as environmentally-friendly solvents for recovering metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Experimental and molecular dynamics simulation results showed that the chloride ions in DES can form complexes with lithium, manganese, and nickel ions, facilitating their extraction.
Review
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Sebastian Kinas, Dorota Jermakowicz-Bartkowiak, Anna Dzimitrowicz, Piotr Cyganowski
Summary: The high demand for platinum-group metals (PGMs) and Re in economical and industrial applications related to environmental protection and energy conversion/storage has led to resource scarcity. Thus, it is crucial to recover and recycle these rare metals. This study critically reviews the recent progress in the effective recovery of PGMs and Re from materials relevant to sustainable technologies, emphasizing practical aspects, environmental impact, and issues related to the unit processes of recovery.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Guopeng Yang, Qinggang Li, Guiqing Zhang, Mingyu Wang, Zuoying Cao, Wenjuan Guan, Jiawei Du, Shengxi Wu
Summary: The study proposes an efficient, clean, and economical process for recovering V2O5 from titanium-white waste through hydrogen peroxide stripping and precipitation of vanadium products by heating. Experimental results show that the use of D2EHPA as a modifier prolongs the duration of maximum stripping efficiency, enabling continuous operation.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Guisu Yu, Shuainan Ni, Yun Gao, Ditang Mo, Zhiyuan Zeng, Xiaoqi Sun
Summary: This research proposes a novel green process for the selective recovery of rare earth elements (RE) from spent NdFeB permanent magnet using hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (HDES). Through optimization of extraction conditions and stripping method, efficient and clean separation and recovery have been achieved.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Jia Li, Xinsheng Wu, Xiaozhou Zhou, Li Zeng, Shengxi Wu, Mingyu Wang, Wenjuan Guan, Zuoying Cao, Qinggang Li, Guiqing Zhang
Summary: This paper presents a complete hydrometallurgical route for the full-component utilization of deep-sea polymetallic nodules (DPN), achieving high recovery efficiency and near-zero waste production with low energy consumption.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Sanae Elmisaoui, Abderrazak M. Latifi, Lhachmi Khamar
Summary: A first principles model is developed to describe the dissolution mechanism of phosphate ore particles in a solution of phosphoric acid. The model accounts for non-uniform size of ore particles using particle size distributions and quantifies their influence on the model predictions. A global estimability analysis is carried out to determine the estimable parameters from experimental data, and the predictions show good agreement with the experimental data. The computed activation energy indicates that diffusion is the rate limiting step of the dissolution process.