Article
Microbiology
Jesse M. Young, Amira Zine El Abidine, Ricardo A. Gomez-Martinez, Virginie Bondu, Rosa T. Sterk, Zurab Surviladze, Michelle A. Ozbun
Summary: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are transmitted through sexual or other close contact and are associated with various diseases. A drug called protamine sulfate (PS) has been found to strongly inhibit HPV infection by preventing viral attachment and altering viral entry. Further clinical trials are needed to determine the effectiveness of PS as a topical microbicide against genital HPVs.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Ghadah A. Karasneh, Divya Kapoor, Navya Bellamkonda, Chandrashekhar D. Patil, Deepak Shukla
Summary: The increased levels of HPSE can reduce syncytial plaque formation and promote viral egress and release. Transiently enhanced expression of HPSE does not affect HSV-1 entry into cells but facilitates extracellular release of mature virions.
Article
Microbiology
Maitrayee Chatterjee, Liane Z. X. L. Huang, Anna Mykytyn, Chunyan Wang, Mart B. Lamers, Bart Westendorp, Richard B. Wubbolts, Jos P. M. van Putten, Berend-Jan B. Bosch, Bart Haagmans, Karin B. Strijbis
Summary: In this study, the role of host mucins and mucin glycans on SARS-CoV-2 entry into airway epithelial cells was investigated. The removal of mucins from the surface of cells increased the binding of the virus and enhanced infection. This study demonstrates the important role of glycosylated extracellular mucin domains in the entry of SARS-CoV-2.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Haiyi Chen, Yu Kang, Mojie Duan, Tingjun Hou
Summary: The study revealed that the presence of heparan sulfate is crucial for the binding between the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and host ACE2, while the stability of the T470-F490 loop and hydrophobic interactions play key roles in the binding process.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Reproductive Biology
Jordi Ribas-Maynou, Estela Garcia-Bonavila, Sergi Bonet, Jaime Catalan, Albert Salas-Huetos, Marc Yeste
Summary: The relationship between sperm DNA fragmentation and reproductive outcomes is inconsistent, and concerns have been raised about its value as a sperm quality parameter. This study found that increasing chromatin decondensation makes the TUNEL assay more sensitive to detect DNA damage in pig sperm.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elena Carava, Paola Moretto, Ilaria Caon, Arianna Parnigoni, Alberto Passi, Evgenia Karousou, Davide Vigetti, Jessica Canino, Ilaria Canobbio, Manuela Viola
Summary: Cardiovascular diseases result from various risk factors, and inflammation induced by cytokines like TNF-alpha may lead to changes in vessel matrix composition without affecting cell proliferation or migration.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dmitry K. Sokolov, Oleg B. Shevelev, Anna S. Khotskina, Alexandra Y. Tsidulko, Anastasia V. Strokotova, Galina M. Kazanskaya, Alexander M. Volkov, Evgenii E. Kliver, Svetlana V. Aidagulova, Evgenii L. Zavjalov, Elvira V. Grigorieva
Summary: Glioblastoma (GB) is an aggressive cancer with a high chance of recurrence, and the effects of chemotherapy drugs on heparan sulfate (HS) in brain tissue are still unknown.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anthony J. J. Hayes, James Melrose
Summary: Heparan sulfate is a complex glycosaminoglycan that plays important roles in various biological processes through interactions with extracellular ligands and cellular receptors. Its chain lengths and sequences can vary, providing structural diversity. Heparan sulfate has regulatory properties in tissue development, wound healing, immune regulation, inflammation, and tumor development.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Prashant Jain, Chethan D. Shanthamurthy, Shani Leviatan Ben-Arye, Robert J. Woods, Raghavendra Kikkeri, Vered Padler-Karavani
Summary: Selective inhibition of chemokines using structurally defined heparan sulfate oligosaccharides can provide insights into cancer cell migration and metastasis. Rational design and synthesis of N-unsubstituted and N-acetylated heparan sulfate tetrasaccharides have shown selective inhibition of structurally homologous chemokines.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sohyun Moon, Ying-Tao Zhao
Summary: The study systematically analyzed the spatial, temporal, and cell-type-specific expression of genes encoding HS biosynthesis enzymes and HSPG core proteins, providing a valuable resource for the research community in the field of heparan sulfate.
Article
Cell Biology
Jordi Ribas-Maynou, Estela Garcia-Bonavila, Carlos O. Hidalgo, Jaime Catalan, Jordi Miro, Marc Yeste
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the resilience of sperm DNA to decondensation in various eutherian mammals, and found that longer incubations in lysis solution including proteinase K led to higher DNA decondensation in porcine and bovine sperm. In species with both P1 and P2 protamines, the incubation time had no impact on DNA decondensation.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Hematology
Raghuram Koganti, Abdullah Memon, Deepak Shukla
Summary: Heparan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan found in mammalian tissues that contributes to the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix and cell signaling, but is also exploited by viruses during infection. Loss or inhibition of heparan sulfate proteoglycans during infection can lead to significant decreases in viral entry and infectivity, affecting multiple viruses such as herpesviruses, HIV, dengue virus, HPV, and coronaviruses.
SEMINARS IN THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Shoichi Onishi, Kento Shionoya, Kazuki Sato, Ayumu Mubuchi, Shiori Maruyama, Tadaaki Nakajima, Masahiro Komeno, Shinji Miyata, Kazumi Yoshizawa, Takeshi Wada, Robert J. Linhardt, Toshihiko Toida, Kyohei Higashi
Summary: The study investigates the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) derived from marine organisms and finds that marine invertebrates, especially Bivalvia, are rich sources of highly sulfated or branched GAGs. A novel fucosylated heparan sulfate (Fuc-HS) is identified from the midgut gland of the Japanese scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis. Scallop HS exhibits resistance to GAG-degrading enzymes and shows anti-coagulant and neurite outgrowth-promoting activities. These findings suggest that the midgut gland of scallops is a valuable source of biologically active Fuc-HS.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Veronika Merc, Michaela Frolikova, Katerina Komrskova
Summary: Integrins are a type of cell adhesion receptor involved in interactions between cells, between cells and the extracellular matrix, and between cells and pathogens. They play crucial roles in signal transduction pathways and are able to transmit signals into and out of cells. Integrins have been found not only on somatic cells but also on germ cells, where they are known to be essential for important physiological events such as sperm-oocyte fusion.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chunli Kong, Martin Beukema, Min Wang, Bart J. de Haan, Paul de Vos
Summary: 2'-FL and pectins can inhibit pathogen adhesion to gut epithelial cells by modifying cell membrane glycosylation and inflammatory genes. Pectins can reduce the adhesion of certain pathogens by altering glycosylation genes. K. pneumoniae LMG20218 downregulates inflammatory genes, which can be restored by pectin treatment.