Journal
HUMAN PATHOLOGY
Volume 41, Issue 2, Pages 155-162Publisher
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.07.002
Keywords
Bladder; Flat lesions; Urothelial dysplasia; Atypia of unknown significance; Papillary hyperplasia; Molecular pathogenesis
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The 2004 World Health Organization classification system for urothelial neoplasia classifies flat-related preneoplastic lesions as urothelial hyperplasia (flat and papillary), reactive urothelial atypia, urothelial atypia of unknown significance, urothelial dysplasia (low-grade intraurothelial neoplasia), and urothelial carcinoma in situ (high-grade intraurothelial neoplasia). Each lesion is defined with precise nomenclature and strict morphologic criteria. In many cases, morphologic features alone suffice for diagnosis. Other cases may require a panel of immunohistochemical antibodies consisting of cytokeratin 20, p53, and CD44 for diagnosis. Recent molecular studies have provided further insight into the premalignant potential of these urothelial lesions. Herein, we present a review of flat urothelial lesions of the urinary bladder as defined by the 2004 World Health Organization classification with focus on the clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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