Journal
HUMAN PATHOLOGY
Volume 40, Issue 3, Pages 293-299Publisher
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2008.08.003
Keywords
Anterior gradient-2; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Fibrolamellar carcinoma; Hepatic adenoma
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Funding
- NIDA NIH HHS [K08DA016370, K08 DA016370-05, K08 DA016370] Funding Source: Medline
- NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK078686, R01 DK078686-01A1, R01DK078686] Funding Source: Medline
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Anterior gradient-2 expression is critical in normal embryonic development. Aberrant expression of anterior gradient-2 in adult tissues has been linked to breast, prostate, esophageal, and pancreatic carcinoma. To define the role of anterior gradient-2 in primary hepatocellular neoplasms, we used tissue microarrays and examined protein expression in typical hepatocellular carcinomas (n = 44), fibrolamellar carcinomas (n = 12), and hepatic adenomas (n 9). In nonneoplastic liver tissues, anterior gradient-2 was expressed in the septal-sized bile ducts and weakly in zone 3 hepatocytes in 11 (18%) of 61 cases. In tumors, anterior gradient-2 was overexpressed by only 1 (2%) of 44 hepatocellular carcinomas. In contrast, 6 (75%) of 8 fibrolamellar and 3 (75%) of 4 metastatic fibrolamellar carcinomas were positive. All 9 hepatic adenomas were negative. Further analysis of mRNA in fibrolamellar carcinomas identified 2 novel splice variants, but expression levels were very low. Sequencing of the anterior gradient-2 gene in fibrolamellar carcinomas identified several polymorphisms (refSNP Ids: rs6842, rs8071, rs1051905) but no mutations. In conclusion, anterior gradient-2 is overexpressed in the majority of fibrolamellar carcinomas but is only rarely overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinomas. (c) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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