Performance analysis of the beam shaping method on optical auditory neural stimulation in vivo

Previous research has shown that infrared neural stimulation (INS) could be an alternative approach to evoke auditory neural activities. The laser beam property of the fiber output is a considerable aspect of INS, and the corresponding effects on auditory responses in vivo deserve further discussions. The paper presents a beam-shaped infrared laser stimulation method of auditory nerves. Pulsed 980-nm fiber-coupled laser systems were used as the radiant sources. The gradient reflective index (GRIN) lens was added at the port of the optical fiber as a beam shaping structure. The laser spot sizes and properties between the beam-shaped output and the bare fiber output were preliminarily analyzed by a laser beam profiler. And further experiments in vivo with four deafened adult guinea pigs were conducted. Optically evoked auditory brainstem responses (OABRs) of the animal samples were recorded and compared under the two output configurations. The results show a decrease of the beam divergence compared to a bare output fiber, and the INS with a beam shaping design evokes above 13 % increase on OABR amplitudes than the bare fiber output, especially when enlarging the distance between the optical fiber and the nerve tissue. The beam shaping design can enhance the effect of INS for evoking auditory nerves, and it could be an optimized design in the future implementation of optical cochlear implants.