Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Angela L. Cumberland, Jonathan J. Hirst, Emilio Badoer, Stefan A. Wudy, Ronda F. Greaves, Margaret Zacharin, David W. Walker
Summary: Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfated metabolite (DHEAS) are dynamically regulated before birth and the onset of puberty, but the reasons for postnatal increase in DHEA[S] remain unclear. Adrenarche, the pre-pubertal surge from the adrenal gland, may be influenced by intra-adrenal gene expression, the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, and spino-sympathetic innervation. Despite challenges in studying human neurodevelopment and hormone synthesis, animal studies offer new opportunities to explore these complex mechanisms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Eleni Magdalini Kyritsi, Ioannis-Anargyros Vasilakis, Ioanna Kosteria, Aimilia Mantzou, Alexandros Gryparis, Eva Kassi, Gregory Kaltsas, Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
Summary: This study investigated the frequency of autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) among euthyroid prepubertal girls with premature adrenarche (PA). The clinical, metabolic, and endocrine profiles of girls with concurrent AT and PA were compared to girls with AT without PA, PA alone, and healthy controls.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Typhanie Dumontet, Antoine Martinez
Summary: This review discusses the role of reticularis cells of the adrenal cortex in producing androgen steroids in humans, driving morphological changes during childhood and contributing to the precocious stage of sexual maturation known as adrenarche. It also explores the molecular and enzymatic characteristics of the zona reticularis, as well as new studies using genetic lineage tracing and transcriptomic analysis to investigate cellular and molecular heterogeneity in rodents. Recent findings from mouse models deficient for Prkar1a with adrenocortical reticularis-like features prompt a reexamination of the maturation of the mouse adrenal gland, which is expected to further enhance our understanding of the adrenarche process and associated pathologies.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Anna-Karin Akerman, Ase Bjorvatn Saevik, Per Medboe Thorsby, Paal Methlie, Marcus Quinkler, Anders Palmstrom Jorgensen, Charlotte Hoybye, Aleksandra J. Debowska, Bjorn Gunnar Nedrebo, Anne Lise Dahle, Siri Carlsen, Aneta Tomkowicz, Stina Therese Sollid, Ingrid Nermoen, Kaja Gronning, Per Dahlqvist, Guri Grimnes, Jakob Skov, Trine Finnes, Jeanette Wahlberg, Synnove Emblem Holte, Katerina Simunkova, Olle Kampe, Eystein Sverre Husebye, Marianne Oksnes, Sophie Bensing
Summary: Residual adrenocortical function (RAF) affects the levels of plasma metanephrines in patients with autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD), according to this study. Patients with RAF had a higher likelihood of detectable metanephrines compared to patients without RAF. There was a positive correlation between detectable metanephrines and cortisol levels.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Robert L. Rosenfield
Summary: Adrenarche is the process of increased adrenal androgen production, typically beginning in early childhood and contributing to early puberty. Factors such as birth weight, body growth, and prolactin are related to the development of premature adrenarche, which may lead to obesity and other risks. A distinction should be made between premature adrenarche and early pubic hair development, with the former often caused by nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Taek Min Kim, Jung Hee Kim, Han Na Jang, Man Ho Choi, Jeong Yeon Cho, Sang Youn Kim
Summary: This study evaluated the relationship between adrenal morphology and disease control status in adults with classical 21OHD. The results suggest that adrenal volume and width may be reliable quantitative parameters for monitoring patients with classical 21OHD.
ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Nicole Bechmann, Ilona Berger, Stefan R. Bornstein, Charlotte Steenblock
Summary: The mammalian adrenal gland is composed of the medulla and cortex, which interact closely during development and are important for proper differentiation and function of the gland. Interfaces between the two parts are common in tumor development.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Jessica E. Baker, Samuel W. Plaska, Zhaoping Qin, Chia-Jen Liu, Juilee Rege, William E. Rainey, Aaron M. Udager
Summary: This study demonstrates the application of targeted RNA sequencing to FFPE normal adrenal gland specimens, capturing distinct transcriptomic differences among adrenal zones. The data obtained will improve the understanding of transcriptomic patterns and potentially identify novel pathways controlling zone-specific steroid production.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Austin E. Gillen, L. Elaine Epperson, David J. Orlicky, Rui Fu, Sandra L. Martin
Summary: This study utilized RNA-seq to analyze the gene expression dynamics of adrenal glands in hibernating ground squirrels and found that seasonal differentiation affected the expression of multiple genes involved in steroidogenesis. Additionally, during each short arousal period, an immediate early response gene was activated, which further activated a cellular stress response program to restore protein homeostasis and tissue-specific gene expression.
PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Athanasios Siasios, Georgios Delis, Anastasia Tsingotjidou, Aris Pourlis, Ioannis Grivas
Summary: This study evaluated and compared the anatomical/morphometric parameters of adrenal glands in mice and rats, revealing significant differences between sexes, species, and different regions of the glands. These differences may contribute to understanding the physiology of the two species.
LABORATORY ANIMALS
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alessia Aureli, Sarah Bocchini, Michela Mariani, Antonino Crino, Marco Cappa, Danilo Fintini
Summary: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder associated with various complications, including pubertal disorders, short stature, hyperphagia, obesity, glucose metabolism abnormalities, scoliosis, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and behavioral problems. We present a case of a girl with PWS who was diagnosed with non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and later developed growth hormone deficiency (GHD), impaired glucose tolerance, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Treatment including hydrocortisone therapy, rhGH therapy, insulin therapy, and appropriate diet were given to manage these complications.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Albert Eugene Pekary, Albert Sattin
Summary: The TRH/TRH-R1 receptor signaling pathway plays an important role in the brain-gut axis. The gut microbiome affects mental health and protects against various neurological disorders through the vagus nerve. Rifaximin changes the composition of the gut microbiome and has therapeutic benefits for certain diseases. TRH and TRH-like peptides have protective effects on multiple systems and are present in both the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. RF treatment significantly alters the levels of TRH and TRH-like peptides, particularly in the medulla oblongata and prostate.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hanna Komarowska, Agnieszka Malinska, Zhanat Komekbai, Barbara Brominska, Katarzyna Bednarek-Rajewska, Marek Ruchala, Marcin Rucinski
Summary: This study compared the protein-level expression of ghrelin in various adrenal tumors, suggesting that the expression profile of ghrelin may be associated with the type of adrenal tumor, and that it may serve as a sensitive and specific marker for distinguishing between different types of adrenal tumors.
FOLIA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOBIOLOGICA
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
M. N. Cherkasova, T. G. Borovaya, V. G. Zhukhovitskii, V. G. Pukhalskaia
Summary: The article presents the histological and bacteriological analysis results of the adrenal glands in two models of sepsis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. The study found that during sepsis, there are histological changes in the adrenal glands, such as cell destruction and decrease in certain areas. The growth of P. aeruginosa colonies and the high levels of proinflammatory cytokines suggest a direct negative effect and possible synthesis of these modulators of inflammation in the adrenal parenchyma.
BULLETIN OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
P. Saraf, J. N. Bharti, P. Elhence, H. Pandey
Summary: This article reports a rare case of coexisting giant adrenal ganglioneuroma and myelolipoma. The diagnosis was made based on MRI and histopathological examination. The coexistence of these tumors in the adrenal gland is rare, highlighting the importance of histopathology for a definitive diagnosis.
ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA-BUCHAREST
(2022)
