Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maximilian F. D. Spicer, Daniel W. Gerlich
Summary: Chromosomes undergo transformations during the cell cycle, including transcription, replication, and segregation. These changes are driven by DNA loop extrusion and a chromatin solubility phase transition. Condensins enrich at an axial core, forming loops and providing resistance to spindle pulling forces. Mitotic chromosomes are further compacted by deacetylation of histone tails, making them insoluble and resistant to microtubule penetration. Ki-67 regulates surface properties, allowing independent chromosome movement in early mitosis and clustering during mitotic exit. Recent progress has shed light on the material properties of chromatin and how they facilitate accurate chromosome segregation.
CURRENT OPINION IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Makoto M. Yoshida, Kazuhisa Kinoshita, Yuuki Aizawa, Shoji Tane, Daisuke Yamashita, Keishi Shintomi, Tatsuya Hirano
Summary: In vertebrates, condensin I and condensin II work together to assemble chromosomes during mitosis. However, our understanding of condensin II is limited. Through experiments, we discovered that one of the two HEAT subunits, CAP-D3, plays a crucial role in condensin II-mediated chromosome assembly, while the other HEAT subunit, CAP-G2, has a negative impact on this process. The ATPase protein and basic amino acid clusters of the kleisin subunit CAP-H2 are also essential. Deleting the C-terminal tail of CAP-D3 enhances the ability of condensin II to assemble chromosomes and reveals a hidden function of CAP-G2 in chromosome compaction.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Franziska Kolek, Maria P. Plaza, Athanasios Charalampopoulos, Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann, Athanasios Damialis
Summary: Airborne pollen are the most important aeroallergens worldwide, and their seasonality and abundance have been significantly altered due to climate change. This study investigated the diversity, abundance, and temporal occurrence of airborne pollen, developing the first pollen season calendars for Augsburg, Germany. The findings suggest that pollen concentrations are often higher at rooftop-level, with earlier and longer pollen seasons compared to ground-level measurements.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Thomas Miedaner, Viktor Korzun, Peer Wilde
Summary: Hybrid rye breeding can significantly increase yield and income, and can address low pollen fertility and susceptibility to ergot issues by utilizing Rf genes from Iran and Argentina.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yodai Takei, Jina Yun, Shiwei Zheng, Noah Ollikainen, Nico Pierson, Jonathan White, Sheel Shah, Julian Thomassie, Shengbao Suo, Chee-Huat Linus Eng, Mitchell Guttman, Guo-Cheng Yuan, Long Cai
Summary: This study utilized DNA seqFISH+ technology to image 3,660 chromosomal loci in single mouse embryonic stem cells, along with observing 17 chromatin marks and subnuclear structures by sequential immunofluorescence and the expression profile of 70 RNAs. The results suggest that many loci are consistently associated with immunofluorescence marks and form "fixed points" in nuclear organizations in single cells, while highly expressed genes appear to be pre-positioned to active nuclear zones. The research also uncovered distinct mouse ES cell subpopulations with characteristic combinatorial chromatin states.
Article
Horticulture
Milena Dordevic, Tatjana Vujovic, Radosav Cerovic, Ivana Glisic, Nebojsa Milosevic, Sladana Maric, Sanja Radicevic, Milica Fotiric Aksic, Mekjell Meland
Summary: A study was conducted to investigate the effect of different storage periods and temperatures on pollen viability in vitro and in vivo in plum genotypes. The results showed that storage temperature had a significant effect on pollen viability and germination rate, with higher temperatures maintaining higher pollen viability and germination rates. These findings have implications for plum pollen breeding and conservation.
Article
Biology
Tomoki Harada, Shoji Hata, Rioka Takagi, Takuma Komori, Masamitsu Fukuyama, Takumi Chinen, Daiju Kitagawa
Summary: This study analyzes the impact of phototoxicity on mitosis and identifies ascorbic acid as an efficient agent to alleviate these effects. The addition of ascorbic acid to the media allows for high temporal resolution imaging of mitotic events without photodamage.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Forestry
Anna-Katharina Eisen, Barbara Fussi, Branko Sikoparija, Susanne Jochner-Oette
Summary: This study investigates the factors affecting ash pollen transport through field experiments and finds that meteorology, phenological development, and plantation topography are associated with pollen dispersion. Trees outside the plantation contribute more pollen in low flowering years, while trees within the plantation contribute more in high pollen years. Pollen can be transported for distances greater than 400 meters, but the amount of pollen decreases significantly with increasing distance.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Xiaoqing Peng, Yiming Li, Xiangyan Kong, Xiaoshu Zhu, Xiaojun Ding
Summary: This study investigates the methylation consistency between homologous chromosomes in different cell types and proposes a method to construct methylation haplotypes for homologous chromosomes. Differentiated cells show higher hypomethylation consistency compared to undifferentiated stem cells, while breast cancer samples exhibit lower methylation consistency. Additionally, a method is developed to identify DMRs between different cell types or disease states based on the methylation haplotypes, revealing DNA methylation changing directions in cell differentiation and cancerization.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Yao Liu, Kiona Ogle, Jeremy W. Lichstein, Stephen T. Jackson
Summary: Quantitative understanding of vegetation dynamics over long timespans is limited. Pollen-based reconstruction provides unique opportunities to quantify plant community changes over hundreds to thousands of years. Conflicting estimates of pollen productivity and dispersal may challenge the reliability of pollen-based reconstruction. This study reveals that fixed assumptions of pollen dispersal and insufficient spatial resolution of vegetation data can lead to conflicting estimates. The findings highlight the importance of considering local and regional vegetation when estimating pollen productivity and dispersal.
ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Gerhard Moitzi, Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner, Hans-Peter Kaul, Helmut Wagentristl
Summary: The study found that in sustainable agriculture, applying fertilizers and practicing crop rotation can significantly increase crop yield and energy output, especially for unfertilized crops. Additionally, using farmyard manure can improve the energy efficiency of crops.
Article
Agronomy
Rui Zhao, Linjie Xu, Xiangshuai Xu, Yanmin Li, Shixin Xiao, Deyi Yuan
Summary: Oil tea (Camellia oleifera Abel.) is an important woody edible oil tree in China with intraspecific polyploid. The study found that pollen size is positively correlated with ploidy level in oil tea, and the hexaploid had relatively high pollen viability. This knowledge provides basic information for breeding plans and pollination methods of oil tea.
Article
Plant Sciences
Miroslava Karafiatova, Martina Bednarova, Mahmoud Said, Jana Cizkova, Katerina Holusova, Nicolas Blavet, Jan Bartos
Summary: This study extensively researched B chromosomes in Sorghum purpureosericeum using modern technologies, and developed B chromosome-specific markers for further studies. Additionally, several repetitive clusters were found to hybridize exclusively on the B chromosome under fluorescence in situ hybridization, serving as robust cytogenetic markers.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jian-du Yang, Qi Sun, Xiao-gang Guo, Gong-bu Zhou, Xu Liu, Hui-qiang Wei, Hai-yang Xie, Jian Ma
Summary: This study investigates the electrophysiologic characteristics, outcomes of different ablation approaches, and safety of ablation at different sites for para-hisian accessory pathways (APs). The results suggest that ablation via inferior vena cava (IVC) or superior vena cava (SVC) is comparable for para-hisian APs, but not for the noncoronary cusp (NCC) approach. The risk of atrioventricular conduction injury varies among different ablation sites.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Xinchang Feng, Xiyue Liu, Shuxin Bai, Yicong Ye, Liang Zong, Yu Tang
Summary: The mechanical properties of TWIP steel at different strain rates were investigated and a dynamic constitutive model based on the test results was established and verified. The microstructures of TWIP steel before and after deformation were analyzed. The findings demonstrate the relationship between the micro deformation mechanism and the macro mechanical properties of TWIP steel at a specific strain rate.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2023)