Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
D. Mark Anderson, Daniel I. Rees, Joseph J. Sabia, Samuel Safford
Summary: The study examines the correlation between legalization of medical and recreational marijuana in US states and adolescent marijuana use.
Article
Education & Educational Research
Ran Liu
Summary: This study uses data from 429 Wisconsin public high schools over three school years to examine the impact of COVID-19 disruptions on high school completion rates, focusing on socioeconomic disparities. The findings indicate that longer periods of virtual or hybrid learning in the 2020-21 school year decrease overall completion rates and widen the gap in completion rates between economically disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged students within schools. The study provides further evidence of the unequal effects of the pandemic and calls for initiatives to support disadvantaged students during school disruptions.
EDUCATIONAL RESEARCHER
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Wura Jacobs, Ehikowoicho Idoko, LaTrice Montgomery, Matthew Lee Smith, Ashley L. Merianos
Summary: The use of electronic cigarettes and marijuana among U.S. high school students is widespread, with both being associated with negative health-risk behaviors such as unintentional injuries, violence, and alcohol use. Exclusive users of e-cigarettes and marijuana are more likely to engage in these behaviors compared to non-users, while current exclusive users have reduced odds of these behaviors compared to concurrent users. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive education efforts in high schools and further research on the impact of e-cigarette and marijuana use on youth injury and violence risk.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Anna C. Wagner, Michael J. Parks, Megan E. Patrick
Summary: This study examined how adolescents acquire marijuana, finding that the most common methods included getting it for free from friends, buying it from friends, and buying it from a drug dealer/stranger. Differences by sociodemographic subgroup and recent frequent use were observed, with riskier means of obtaining marijuana more common among male students, urban students, and recent frequent users. Understanding these trends can help tailor drug use prevention efforts effectively.
ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Cecile Payet, Stephanie Polazzi, Jean-Francois Obadia, Xavier Armoiry, Jose Labarere, Muriel Rabilloud, Antoine Duclos
Summary: The study evaluated the performance of high-dimensional propensity scores (hdPSs) in surgical comparative effectiveness studies, finding them to be more accurate and balanced compared to traditional propensity scores (PSs). Results showed that hdPS estimates were more consistent with results seen in randomized controlled trials, indicating hdPSs as a promising alternative for controlling indication bias in comparative studies of surgical procedures.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Statistics & Probability
Xiao Wu, Fabrizia Mealli, Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou, Francesca Dominici, Danielle Braun
Summary: Matching is a well-established approach in causal inference for binary treatment, but is still underdeveloped for continuous treatment or exposure. This study proposes an innovative matching approach that uses the generalized propensity score (GPS) to estimate the average causal exposure-response function under continuous exposures. The proposed method outperforms existing methods in simulations and empirical analysis, especially in cases of model misspecification or extreme values of the estimated GPS.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Nathan Cantor, Mila Kingsbury, Hayley A. Hamilton, T. Cameron Wild, Akwasi Owusu-Bempah, Ian Colman
Summary: This study examined the prevalence of cannabis-impaired driving among Canadian adolescents, identifying factors such as probable cannabis dependence, low perceived risk of cannabis use, pro-legalization attitudes, and male gender as significantly associated with driving under the influence of cannabis. Further research and interventions are needed to address attitudes and behaviors related to driving under the influence of cannabis.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Katherine D. Maultsby, Jeremy W. Luk, Kellienne R. Sita, Daniel Lewin, Bruce G. Simons-Morton, Denise L. Haynie
Summary: The study found that the duration of sleep was not associated with marijuana use, but later sleep timing was longitudinally associated with past 30-day marijuana use. Specific sleep characteristics and somatic symptoms may increase the odds of marijuana use.
JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Xiaorui Wang, Guoyou Qin, Xinyuan Song, Yanlin Tang
Summary: Censored quantile regression has sparked significant research interest, with one method proposed in this study based on multiply robust propensity score for improved resistance to misspecification of parametric models. Extensive simulation studies were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, which was also successfully applied to a study on human immunodeficiency viruses.
STATISTICAL METHODS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Laura Forastiere, Fabrizia Mealli, Albert Wu, Edoardo M. Airoldi
Summary: In this study, a new covariate-adjustment estimator is proposed to estimate the direct treatment and spillover effects in observational studies on networks. Under assumptions of neighborhood interference and unconfoundedness of individual and neighborhood treatment, the estimator balances individual and neighborhood covariates using a generalized propensity score and conducts adjustment using penalized spline regression. The Bayesian inference strategy accounts for uncertainty in propensity score estimation and incorporates random effects and community detection algorithm to model the correlation among connected units. A simulation study is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed estimator on different network topologies.
JOURNAL OF MACHINE LEARNING RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Dale S. Mantey, R. Andrew Yockey, Cristina S. Barroso
Summary: This study found that the relationship between sexual minority status (SMS) and past 30-day marijuana use differs by gender, with SMS being associated with higher odds of marijuana use among females and lower odds among males. Additional longitudinal research is needed to further explore the nuances of this relationship.
ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS
(2021)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Michelle Yin, Garima Siwach, Yulia Belyakova
Summary: The implementation of the Unified Champion Schools program can increase graduation rates for students, especially those with disabilities. Improved schooling outcomes for students with disabilities in UCS schools are positively correlated with perceptions of a more socially inclusive school environment.
AMERICAN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Substance Abuse
Meghan E. Morean, Danielle R. Davis, Grace Kong, Krysten W. Bold, Deepa R. Camenga, Sakinah Suttiratana, Juhan Lee, Lavanya Rajeshkumar, Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin
Summary: The study found that compared to other cannabis modalities, vaping was associated with increased use of several cannabis products and other substances. Adolescents who vape cannabis were more likely to be male, White, and initiate cannabis use at a younger age.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
(2021)
Article
Economics
Pedro H. C. Sant'Anna, Xiaojun Song, Qi Xu
Summary: This paper introduces a new estimator for the propensity score that aims to balance the covariate distribution among different treatment groups. The proposed procedure is data-driven and can be used to estimate different treatment effect parameters. The authors derive the asymptotic properties of the estimator and demonstrate its performance through simulations and an empirical application.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMETRICS
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Dirk R. Larson, Isabella Zaniletti, David G. Lewallen, Daniel J. Berry, Hilal Maradit Kremers
Summary: Many arthroplasty research studies are based on nonrandomized, retrospective, registry-based cohorts, which may introduce treatment selection bias and confounding. Propensity scores can help balance cohort characteristics and minimize potential bias and confounding in nonrandomized studies. This article explains how propensity scores are created and provides examples of their application in the analysis of nonrandomized studies.
JOURNAL OF ARTHROPLASTY
(2023)
Letter
Substance Abuse
Valentina Lorenzetti, Chandni Hindocha, Kat Petrilli, Paul Griffiths, Jamie Brown, Alvaro Castillo-Carniglia, Jonathan P. Caulkins, Amir Englund, Mahmoud A. El Sohly, Suzanne H. Gage, Teodora Groshkova, Antoni Gual, David Hammond, Will Lawn, Hugo Lopez-Pelayo, Jakob Manthey, Claire Mokrysz, Rosalie Liccardo Pacula, Margriet van Laar, Ryan Vandrey, Elle Wadsworth, Adam Winstock, Wayne Hall, H. Valerie Curran, Tom P. Freeman
Article
Substance Abuse
Adam M. Leventhal, Junhan Cho, Lara A. Ray, Rosalie Liccardo Pacula, Brian P. Lee, Norah Terrault, Eric Pedersen, Jungeun Olivia Lee, Jordan P. Davis, Haomiao Jin, Jimi Huh, John P. Wilson, Reid C. Whaley
Summary: This study examined the prevalence, drinking patterns, and sociodemographic characteristics of different subpopulations of U.S. adults during the first 42 weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings identified distinct trajectories of drinking frequency and intensity, as well as the socio-demographic factors associated with these trajectories.
ALCOHOL-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Emergency Medicine
George Sam Wang, Christine Buttorff, Asa Wilks, Daniel Schwam, Gregory J. Tung, Shireen Banerji, Richard C. Dart, Rosalie Liccardo Pacula
Summary: This study compares the trends of healthcare encounters and poison center cases related to opioids, cannabis, and synthetic cannabinoids in Colorado. The results show an increase in cannabis-related encounters and exposures after cannabis legalization, while opioid-related exposures have decreased.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
George Sam Wang, Christine Buttorff, Asa Wilks, Daniel Schwam, Torri D. Metz, Gregory Tung, Rosalie Liccardo Pacula
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the association between the presence of recreational cannabis dispensaries and the prevalence of cannabis-involved pregnancy hospitalizations in Colorado. The findings showed that increasing recreational dispensaries were associated with an increase in hospitalizations, particularly in counties with no prior exposure to medical cannabis.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Gwen T. Lapham, Theresa E. Matson, David S. Carrell, Jennifer F. Bobb, Casey Luce, Malia M. Oliver, Udi E. Ghitza, Clarissa Hsu, Kendall C. Browne, Ingrid A. Binswanger, Cynthia I. Campbell, Andrew J. Saxon, Ryan Vandrey, Gillian L. Schauer, Rosalie Liccardo Pacula, Michael A. Horberg, Steffani R. Bailey, Erin A. McClure, Katharine A. Bradley
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of medical cannabis use in primary care and compared it with the documentation in patient electronic health records (EHR). The findings indicate that medical cannabis use is common among primary care patients in a state where it is legal, but most of the use is not documented in the EHR. Patient report of health reasons for cannabis use identifies more medical use compared with explicit questions about medical use.
Article
Substance Abuse
George Sam Wang, Christine Buttorff, Asa Wilks, Daniel Schwam, Gregory Tung, Rosalie Liccardo Pacula
Summary: Psychosis and schizophrenia-related emergency department visits have increased in the United States in the past decade, with a strong dose-response relationship found between chronic use of high-potency cannabis and symptoms of psychosis. This study evaluates the impact of cannabis legalization on such ED visits in Colorado and finds a positive association between the number of cannabis dispensaries and rates of psychosis ED visits across all counties in the state.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Austin C. Cohrs, Diah E. Husnul Khotimah, Andrew W. Dick, Bradley D. Stein, Rosalie Liccardo Pacula, Benjamin G. Druss, Kyungha Kim, Douglas L. Leslie
Summary: Little is known about the variation of opioid-related problems among U.S. adolescents and young adults across geographic regions and over time. This study analyzed longitudinal claims data from privately insured individuals aged 12-64 years with an ORP diagnosis between 2005 and 2018. The prevalence of opioid-related problem diagnoses varied considerably across census divisions and between age groups. Understanding the origin and variation of diagnosed opioid-related problems in terms of age group and geographic region is crucial for targeted and effective interventions and policies.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Substance Abuse
David Hammond, Samantha Goodman, Elle Wadsworth, Tom P. Freeman, Beau Kilmer, Gillian Schauer, Rosalie Liccardo Pacula, Wayne Hall
Summary: Dried flower remains the most commonly used cannabis product in Canada and the United States, but the use of processed products has increased, especially in legal cannabis markets.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY
(2022)
Letter
Substance Abuse
Jakob Manthey, Michael J. Armstrong, Tobias Hayer, Daniel T. Myran, Rosalie Liccardo Pacula, Rosario Queirolo, Jurgen Rehm, Marielle Wirth, Frank Zobel
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Elle Wadsworth, Pete Driezen, Rosalie Liccardo Pacula, Beau Kilmer, David Hammond
Summary: The price of cannabis is significantly influenced by its legal status and the presence of retail stores. After the legalization of recreational cannabis, it takes multiple years for the legal market to establish, with an increase in the number of retail stores and a decrease in prices. Consumers tend to use legally accessible sources for their purchases, suggesting the potential for expanding legal sources through the addition of physical retail stores and online delivery services in states with recreational cannabis laws.
CANNABIS AND CANNABINOID RESEARCH
(2023)
Correction
Health Care Sciences & Services
E. D. Peet, D. Powell, R. L. Pacula
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Rosanna Smart, Sean Grant, Adam J. Gordon, Rosalie Liccardo Pacula, Bradley D. Stein
Summary: This study examines expert consensus on the effectiveness and implementability of state-level opioid use disorder treatment policies. The experts identified two high-value policies: facilitated access to medications for OUD and automatic Medicaid enrollment for citizens returning from correctional settings. They also identified four low-value policies as ineffective and difficult to implement: coerced drug treatment, involuntary civil commitment, drug toxicology testing requirements, and office-based buprenorphine treatment counseling corequirements.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Evan D. Peet, David Powell, Rosalie Liccardo Pacula
Summary: The study analyzed US naloxone claims data from 2010 to 2018 and found that out-of-pocket costs for naloxone have increased significantly since 2016, particularly for uninsured patients and the Evzio brand. This highlights that the out-of-pocket cost of naloxone has become a significant barrier to access for uninsured patients.
Meeting Abstract
Substance Abuse
R. Smart, R. L. Pacula, M. C. Lira, J. G. Blanchette, T. S. Naimi
ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Substance Abuse
Rosalie Liccardo Pacula, Rosanna Smart, Marlene C. Lira, Seema Choksy Pessar, Jason G. Blanchette, Timothy S. Naimis
Summary: The impact of cannabis policy liberalization on alcohol use and its related outcomes remains inconclusive. While some studies found a decrease in alcohol use measures associated with cannabis policy liberalization, there was no impact on cannabis use itself. This paper discusses the limitations of the current evidence base and suggests improvements for future research to ensure consistency and comparability.
ALCOHOL RESEARCH-CURRENT REVIEWS
(2022)
