Article
Clinical Neurology
Ayesha C. Sujan, Nerissa Nance, Charles Quesenberry, Kathryn Ridout, Mibhali Bhalala, Lyndsay A. Avalos
Summary: This study found racial and ethnic differences in perinatal depression and anxiety. Asian individuals had a lower risk of perinatal depression and anxiety but a higher risk of severe depression during pregnancy. Non-Hispanic Black individuals had a higher risk of perinatal depression and anxiety. Hispanic individuals had a lower risk of depression during pregnancy but a higher risk of postpartum depression and severe depression during and after pregnancy. Targeted prevention, intervention, and destigmatization efforts should be implemented for different racial and ethnic groups.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Trisha L. Amboree, Kalyani Sonawane, Ashish A. Deshmukh, Jane R. Montealegre
Summary: Despite having regular healthcare providers, racial/ethnic minorities still have significantly lower levels of knowledge about HPV. Compared to Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, and other racial/ethnic minorities have lower odds of having heard of HPV and the HPV vaccine. Addressing disparities in health information and improving provider-patient communication on HPV and the HPV vaccine is necessary based on the data presented.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nuha Mahmood, Emma V. Sanchez-Vaznaugh, Mika Matsuzaki, Brisa N. Sanchez
Summary: Recent studies show that racial/ethnic health disparities disappear in racially integrated communities, indicating that place, not race, plays a significant role in shaping these disparities. This study examines this theory among children and finds that school segregation is a major contributor to childhood obesity disparities.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Dowin Boatright, Nientara Anderson, Jung G. Kim, Eric S. Holmboe, William A. McDade, Tonya Fancher, Cary P. Gross, Sarwat Chaudhry, Mytien Nguyen, Max Jordan Nguemeni Tiako, Eve Colson, Yunshan Xu, Fangyong Li, James D. Dziura, Somnath Saha
Summary: This study examines the association between race and ethnicity and performance assessments among internal medicine residents. The results show that underrepresented in medicine and Asian residents received lower ratings on performance assessments compared to White residents during the first and second years of training, indicating the presence of racial bias in assessment.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Elizabeth Wrigley-Field, Sarah Garcia, Jonathon P. Leider, David Van Riper
Summary: Research shows significant racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality, especially in disadvantaged neighborhoods. In 2020, total mortality increased by 14% for non-Hispanic White people and 41% for BIPOC. Furthermore, statistical data indicates that most of the growth in racial disparity is due to mortality gaps between White people and communities of color.
Article
Emergency Medicine
Aubree C. Honcoop, Patricia Poitevien, Ellen Kerns, Brian Alverson, Russell J. McCulloh
Summary: This study analyzed the bronchiolitis management in 37 U.S. freestanding children's hospitals from 2015 to 2018, revealing differences in treatment patterns among different racial and ethnic groups. Black children were more likely to receive corticosteroid and bronchodilator therapies, while white children were more likely to receive antibiotics and chest radiography.
ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jialing Jiang, Christopher M. Warren, Audrey Brewer, Gary Soffer, Ruchi S. Gupta
Summary: This survey study aimed to estimate the national distribution of food allergies across racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups in the US. The results showed that the prevalence of food allergies was highest among Asian, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic Black individuals compared with non-Hispanic White individuals. The study suggests further assessment of socioeconomic factors and corresponding environmental exposures to better understand the causes of food allergy and reduce disparities in outcomes.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Shawn Bauldry, Patricia A. Thomas, Madison R. Sauerteig-Rolston, Kenneth F. Ferraro
Summary: This study introduces the concept of dual functionality, which combines physical and cognitive function, and uses it to measure dual-function life expectancy (2FLE) and assess racial-ethnic inequalities in aging. Using data from two surveys, the study defines dual functionality as having no limitations in daily activities and being free of dementia. The results indicate significant disparities in dual functionality and 2FLE among racial-ethnic groups.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Carolyn W. Zhu, Judith Neugroschl, Lisa L. Barnes, Mary Sano
Summary: Racial and ethnic disparities in treatment for dementia exist in long-term research studies. Black and Hispanic participants are less likely to report new anti-dementia medication treatment during follow-up and are also less likely to receive persistent treatment compared to White participants.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Hannah L. Heintz, Julie M. Paik, Lola Baird, Jane A. Driver, Jennifer Moye
Summary: This study examined the healthcare values of adults aged 55+ and found that Black participants rated religious and racial, ethnic, and cultural considerations as more important in healthcare decision-making than White participants. Functioning and connections were highly valued across all participants.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alexander Yoo, Peggy Auinger, Jane Tolbert, David Paul, Jeffrey M. Lyness, Benjamin P. George
Summary: Bolstering the representation of women and underrepresented groups in medical faculty is crucial for addressing healthcare disparities. However, there is significant variability across institutions and only modest increases in representation overall for underrepresented groups. The representation of Hispanic faculty has declined.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Yi Zheng, Xiaoxiao Wen, Jiang Bian, Jinying Zhao, Heather S. Lipkind, Hui Hu
Summary: The study revealed significant racial, ethnic, and geographic disparities in cardiovascular health among women of childbearing age in the United States, with non-Hispanic Black women having lower likelihood of ideal cardiovascular health. More efforts are needed to understand and address these disparities.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Shelby R. Sferra, Pooja S. Salvi, Annalise B. Penikis, Jennine H. Weller, Joseph K. Canner, Matthew Guo, Abigail J. Engwall-Gill, Daniel S. Rhee, Joseph M. Collaco, Amaris M. Keiser, Daniel G. Solomon, Shaun M. Kunisaki
Summary: This study found that racial and ethnic differences in mortality rates exist among infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Patient and institutional factors contribute to these disparities, with hospitals treating a more diverse patient population associated with lower mortality rates in Black and Hispanic patients.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
R. Angel Garcia, John A. Spertus, Saket Girotra, Brahmajee K. Nallamothu, Kevin F. Kennedy, Bryan F. McNally, Khadijah Breathett, Marina Del Rios, Comilla Sasson, Paul S. Chan
Summary: In cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, Black and Hispanic individuals are less likely to receive bystander CPR compared to White individuals, regardless of the racial or ethnic makeup or income level of the neighborhood.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jay B. B. Lusk, Cassie Ford, Amy G. G. Clark, Melissa A. A. Greiner, Kim Johnson, Margarethe Goetz, Brystana G. G. Kaufman, Sneha Mantri, Ying Xian, Richard O'Brien, Emily C. C. O'Brien
Summary: Racial disparities in neurodegenerative disease incidence narrowed between 2014 and 2017. Black patients had a higher risk of hospitalization, more days in skilled nursing facilities, less days in hospice facilities, less likely to receive therapy services or dementia medications, and Parkinson's disease medications compared to White patients. Effective system-level approaches are needed to promote health equity in NDD diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2022)