Article
Food Science & Technology
Kelly Cristina Massarolo, Priscila Rodrigues, Claudia Fetter Jorge Ferreira, Larine Kupski, Eliana Badiale-Furlong
Summary: This study compares the distribution of aflatoxins and fumonisin in different fractions of corn obtained by wet and dry milling. The results show that wet milling with lactic acid solution is the most effective method to reduce mycotoxin contamination in the endosperm fraction, while dry milling also significantly reduces the concentration of these toxins. However, dry milling increases fumonisin contamination in the germ and pericarp fraction.
JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yong-Kyoung Kim, Insuck Baek, Kyung-Min Lee, Geonwoo Kim, Seyeon Kim, Sung-Youn Kim, Diane Chan, Timothy J. Herrman, Namkuk Kim, Moon S. Kim
Summary: Aflatoxins and fumonisins frequently co-occur in maize and can cause illness if ingested in large amounts. Efforts are being made to develop rapid analytical methods for early detection and prevention of illness.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Victor Kagot, Marthe De Boevre, Sofie Landschoot, George Obiero, Sheila Okoth, Sarah De Saeger
Summary: This study assessed the levels of mycotoxins in maize from Kenyan households and compared different varieties for their susceptibility to mycotoxin contamination. The findings revealed the presence of multiple mycotoxins in Kenyan maize, most of which are not regulated in the country. It was also observed that local open-pollinated maize varieties showed higher resistance to mycotoxin contamination.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Valentina Scarpino, Francesca Vanara, Michael Sulyok, Rudolf Krska, Massimo Blandino
Summary: The study investigated the co-occurrence of various mycotoxins and fungal metabolites in maize food products and their fate during the dry-milling process. It was found that grain cleaning significantly reduced fungal metabolites, with different maize products showing varying levels of contamination.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
M. S. Alaniz Zanon, G. Pena, N. Yerkovich, M. Bossa, M. L. Chiotta, Sofia Noemi Chulze
Summary: Maize is an important cereal globally, widely used for food and feed, with significant economic value for several countries. However, it is susceptible to infection by Aspergillus section Flavi and Fusarium species, leading to mycotoxin contamination, especially aflatoxins and fumonisins. The predicted climate change scenario, including higher temperature, CO2 levels, and hydric stress, would further contribute to increased mycotoxin levels worldwide. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate and implement eco-friendly biocontrol strategies at the pre-harvest stage to mitigate mycotoxin accumulation and ensure food security and safety in the future.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Marco Camardo Leggieri, Marco Mazzoni, Paola Battilani
Summary: This study utilized a machine learning approach to predict mycotoxin contamination in maize fields, achieving an accuracy of over 75% which outperformed traditional statistical methods. The models developed here were shown to be robust, thanks to the large data set and good statistical scores applied.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Massimo Ferrara, Miriam Haidukowski, Massimiliano D'Imperio, Angelo Parente, Elisabetta De Angelis, Linda Monaci, Antonio F. Logrieco, Giuseppina Mule
Summary: Anaerobic digestion can produce biogas from organic waste materials contaminated by mycotoxins, and a metagenomic analysis of lab-scale bioreactors showed that high contamination rates of mycotoxins can affect microbial diversity. The study also identified two new carboxylesterase genes potentially involved in mycotoxin degradation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mikias Damtew Guche, Stefania Pilati, Francesco Trenti, Lorenza Dalla Costa, Paola Giorni, Graziano Guella, Adriano Marocco, Alessandra Lanubile
Summary: Mycotoxin contamination of maize kernels by fungal pathogens is a global challenge. This study investigates the role of maize lipoxygenase genes (ZmLOXs) in maize resistance against Fusarium verticillioides and Aspergillus flavus.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Alessandra Lanubile, Paola Giorni, Terenzio Bertuzzi, Adriano Marocco, Paola Battilani
Summary: The study found that climate change will increase the co-occurrence of Fusarium verticillioides and Aspergillus flavus, along with their mycotoxins, in European maize. Different temperature regimes affect gene expression and mycotoxin production in maize kernels, with reduced toxin production observed in the case of fungal co-occurrence.
Article
Mycology
Justin Temwani Ng'ambi, Joseph Atehnkeng, Maurice Monjerezi, Cosmo Ngongondo, Ephraim Vunain, Connel Ching'anda, Alejandro Ortega-Beltran, Peter J. Cotty, Limbikani Matumba, R. Bandyopadhyay
Summary: This study examines the levels of aflatoxin and fumonisin in maize samples from different agroecological zones in Malawi. The majority of the samples were contaminated with aflatoxin, and a significant proportion of them also had fumonisin contamination. The levels of aflatoxin varied across the agroecological zones, while the levels of fumonisin did not show significant variation. The study suggests that micro-climate plays a role in aflatoxin contamination in maize.
MYCOTOXIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Ling Yang, Lihan Yang, Yuqing Cai, Yifei Luo, Hui Wang, Li Wang, Jingqing Chen, Xiaoming Liu, Yingjie Wu, Yinghe Qin, Zhenlong Wu, Ning Liu
Summary: Nowadays, companion animals such as dogs have become integral members of families and form strong emotional bonds with their owners. Ensuring the safety and nutritional adequacy of dog food is crucial for their health and well-being. However, common ingredients in dry dog food, such as cereals and plant-based feedstuffs, can potentially be contaminated with mycotoxins, which can adversely affect dogs' growth and metabolism. This review provides an overview of the mycotoxins found in dog food, their toxicity to dogs, and different detoxification methods. The aim is to serve as a reference for future studies in evaluating risk, implementing preventive strategies, and setting clear criteria for mycotoxins to minimize exposure, reduce harm, and prevent mycotoxicosis in dogs.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Mycology
Siti Nur Ezzati Yazid, Nur Izzah Tajudin, Nur Aina Aribah Razman, Jinap Selamat, Siti Izera Ismail, Maimunah Sanny, Nik Iskandar Putra Samsudin
Summary: This study investigated the potential of fungal species from grain maize farms in Malaysia as antagonists against indigenous mycotoxigenic fungal species and their subsequent mycotoxin production. The results showed that Trichoderma spp. exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against the tested mycotoxigenic strains. Other fungal species also showed varying degrees of mycotoxin reduction. Three fungal species were found to have inhibitory effects on certain mycotoxins for the first time.
MYCOTOXIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Johanna F. Alberts, Ibtisaam Davids, Wulf-Dieter Moll, Gerd Schatzmayr, Hester-Mari Burger, Gordon S. Shephard, Wentzel C. A. Gelderblom
Summary: The study evaluated the detoxification of total fumonisin B mycotoxins in commercial maize using FumD, which effectively reduced the FB1 content and significantly decreased the levels of fumonisins in total hominy feed. The introduction of FumD shows potential for reducing exposure risk to FB1 in maize-based food products.
Article
Agronomy
Siti Nur Ezzati Yazid, Wan Jing Ng, Jinap Selamat, Siti Izera Ismail, Nik Iskandar Putra Samsudin
Summary: Malaysia has started cultivating grain corn locally to reduce import dependency for animal feed industries. Fungal isolates were collected from two pioneer grain corn farms, revealing a predominance of Fusarium verticillioides, with several other fungal species present, some of which could produce mycotoxins in vitro. This research provides a baseline for further studies on fungal contamination and mycotoxin accumulation in Malaysian grain corn agroecosystems.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Phillis E. Ochieng, Marie-Louise Scippo, David C. Kemboi, Siska Croubels, Sheila Okoth, Erastus K. Kang'ethe, Barbara Doupovec, James K. Gathumbi, Johanna F. Lindahl, Gunther Antonissen
Summary: The poultry industry in sub-Saharan Africa is facing feed insecurity and safety issues, primarily due to contamination by mycotoxins. Aflatoxins are the most commonly quantified mycotoxins, with levels exceeding the EU regulatory limits of 20 µg/kg. Studies have also found co-occurrences of multiple mycotoxins.