Article
Neurosciences
Xiaxia Xu, Lingzhen Song, Ileana L. Hanganu-Opatz
Summary: The DISC1 gene plays a crucial role in developmental processes, and when combined with early environmental stressors, can lead to memory and executive function deficits. The contribution of the hippocampus in long-range coupling with the prefrontal cortex is still unknown, but knockout of DISC1 in the hippocampus under immune challenge can result in impaired circuit function and cognitive behavior.
Article
Neurosciences
Frhan I. Alanazi, Suneil K. Kalia, Mojgan Hodaie, Adriana Lopez L. Rios, Andres M. Lozano, Luka Milosevic, William D. Hutchison
Summary: The neurophysiology of selective attention in visual and auditory systems was studied in animal models and recorded neuronal activity in human patients with parkinsonian and non-parkinsonian tremors. The results showed that the firing rate of neurons decreased during the auditory oddball task, specifically related to auditory attention. The study also found that dopamine modulates thalamic beta oscillations for selective attention in Parkinson's disease patients.
NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Michael R. Duggan, Surbhi Joshi, Jacob Strupp, Vinay Parikh
Summary: The study investigated changes in the prefrontal cortex in attention control during aging, finding that aged rats exhibit a more significant decline in attention performance in tasks. By silencing PFC output neurons and examining their effects on young and aged rats, it was discovered that young animals showed impaired attention capacities, while aged animals were relatively unaffected.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Mohsen Parto Dezfouli, Philipp Schwedhelm, Michael Wibral, Stefan Treue, Mohammad Reza Daliri, Moein Esghaei
Summary: The study investigated visual feature binding across different dimensions using a novel stimulus configuration, demonstrating the involvement of the prefrontal cortex in this process and the dynamic modulation of low frequency inter-regional communication.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuki Yasumoto, Milan Stoiljkovic, Jung Dae Kim, Matija Sestan-Pesa, Xiao-Bing Gao, Sabrina Diano, Tamas L. Horvath
Summary: The study revealed a novel interaction between microglia and neurons in the ventral hippocampus, which plays a role in regulating synaptic number, reactive oxygen species production, and neuronal circuit functions, ultimately influencing anxiety-like behavior.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ruchi Malik, Yi Li, Selin Schamiloglu, Vikaas S. Sohal
Summary: This study describes a monosynaptic long-range GABAergic projection from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to the hippocampus, which enhances hippocampal information processing by inhibiting specific interneurons. Stimulation of this projection increases hippocampal feedforward inhibition and reduces activity, resulting in improved hippocampal encoding of object locations and spatial information. Activation or inhibition of this projection also promotes or suppresses object exploration behavior.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yonatan Vanunu, Jared M. Hotaling, Mike E. Le Pelley, Ben R. Newell
Summary: The study shows that initial attention in risky choice is driven by perceptual properties of the stimulus, while subsequent choices are more influenced by goal-driven factors. Options with the highest values and largest font sizes have the greatest impact on choice, while distractors may attract attention but do not affect actual decision-making.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Jose M. G. Penalver, David Lopez-Garcia, Carlos Gonzalez-Garcia, Blanca Aguado-Lopez, Juan M. Gorriz, Maria Ruz
Summary: Proactive cognition brain models are widely used and acknowledged nowadays. This study aimed to investigate the similarities and differences in the preparatory activity of selective attention and perceptual expectation. EEG data showed that both manipulations led to a significant prediction of the relevant or expected target category. However, the neural patterns were unique to each condition, indicating distinct mechanisms in attention and expectation. These findings contribute to our understanding of top-down anticipatory processing in the brain.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jafar Doostmohammadi, Marc Alwin Gieselmann, Jochem van Kempen, Reza Lashgari, Ali Yoonessi, Alexander Thiele
Summary: Sharp-wave ripples (SWRs) are observed in the hippocampus during offline states, but their association with awake conscious and goal-directed behavior is unknown. This study found that ripple activity also occurs in macaque visual areas V1 and V4 during focused spatial attention. The occurrence of ripples is influenced by stimulus characteristics and attentional focus. During attention cued to the receptive field, ripples reduced the monkey's reaction time in detecting behaviorally relevant events. These findings suggest that ripple activity is not limited to offline states but occurs in neocortex during active attentive states.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Min Shao, Lingxiao Li, Xiong Li, Zilong Wei, Junyao Wang, Mingyu Hong, Xiaocui Liu, Jing Meng
Summary: Prolonged exposure to others' suffering can lead to empathy fatigue, but shifting attention from emotional to cognitive components can mitigate this fatigue. This research investigates how top-down attention influences empathy fatigue in auditory and visual modalities.
Article
Neurosciences
Faqiang Liu, Rong Zhao
Summary: This study successfully enhances the performance of spiking neural networks (SNNs) by introducing a top-down attention mechanism, resulting in improved robustness and computing efficiency. The study utilizes a hybrid network model and a weakly-supervised objective, avoiding labor-intensive annotations, and demonstrates the superior performance of the model through comprehensive evaluations.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Jochem van Kempen, Marc A. Gieselmann, Michael Boyd, Nicholas A. Steinmetz, Tirin Moore, Tatiana A. Engel, Alexander Thiele
Summary: Fluctuations in cortical excitability affect sensory processing and behavior. These fluctuations are coordinated across different brain areas, with top-down attention enhancing this coordination. The degree of local state coordination between different areas can predict behavioral performance.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Yanxia Xie, Junhua Sun
Summary: In this paper, a graph-based top-down visual attention model is constructed to extract lockwires from complex backgrounds using the multiscale top-hat transformation. The proposed method includes constructing multiscale anisotropic Gaussian structuring elements to obtain the top-hat feature map, constructing an undirected graph based on a novel connectivity function, and extracting lockwire candidates by minimizing the redefined cost function using an improved shortest path algorithm. Saliency metrics are designed to enhance the saliency of lockwires while weakening backgrounds. Experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method compared to state-of-the-art methods.
EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
James K. Moran, Julian Keil, Alexander Masurovsky, Stefan Gutwinski, Christiane Montag, Daniel Senkowski
Summary: This study found that patients with schizophrenia showed reduced intersensory attention effects for unisensory stimuli compared to healthy controls, but not for bisensory stimuli. At the neural level, schizophrenia patients exhibited decreased intersensory attention effects for bisensory stimuli. However, there were no significant differences between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls in terms of multisensory integration.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Yingwei Pan, Yehao Li, Ting Yao, Tao Mei
Summary: This article discusses a technique for image captioning that utilizes a bottom-up and top-down attention mechanism to select and describe salient objects based on human subjective experience. The proposed approach uses the object sequence of interest as top-down signals to guide caption generation and incorporates an attention mechanism to integrate bottom-up and top-down signals. It also introduces a contrastive learning-based objective to ensure reliable and explainable cross-modal reasoning.
ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA COMPUTING COMMUNICATIONS AND APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Zhaoqi Dong, Wenbing Chen, Chao Chen, Hongsheng Wang, Wanpeng Cui, Zhibing Tan, Heath Robinson, Nannan Gao, Bin Luo, Lei Zhang, Kai Zhao, Wen-Cheng Xiong, Lin Mei
Article
Neurosciences
Hongsheng Zhang, Wenbing Chen, Zhibing Tan, Lei Zhang, Zhaoqi Dong, Wanpeng Cui, Kai Zhao, Hongsheng Wang, Hongyang Jing, Rangjuan Cao, Chae Kim, Jiri G. Safar, Wen-Cheng Xiong, Lin Mei
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Wenbing Chen, Bin Luo, Nannan Gao, Haiwen Li, Hongsheng Wang, Lei Li, Wanpeng Cui, Lei Zhang, Dong Sun, Fang Liu, Zhaoqi Dong, Xiao Ren, Hongsheng Zhang, Huabo Su, Wen-Cheng Xiong, Lin Mei
Summary: The study reveals that neddylation is critical for the stability of Na(v)1.1 in interneurons, impacting their excitability and potentially contributing to epilepsy. Deletion of Nae1 reduces Na(v)1.1 stability and increases network excitability, leading to seizures in mice. The findings highlight a new mechanism in the pathogenesis of epilepsy involving neddylation of Na(v)1.1.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hongsheng Wang, Wanpeng Cui, Wenbing Chen, Fang Liu, Zhaoqi Dong, Guanglin Xing, Bin Luo, Nannan Gao, Wen-Jun Zou, Kai Zhao, Hongsheng Zhang, Xiao Ren, Zheng Yu, Heath L. Robinson, Zhipeng Liu, Wen-Cheng Xiong, Lin Mei
Summary: This study reveals the critical role of NRG1-ErbB4 signaling in regulating stress-induced depression-like behaviors. Inhibiting the activity of ErbB4 can attenuate hyperactivity of dopamine neurons after stress and expression of depression-like behaviors.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wanpeng Cui, Nannan Gao, Zhaoqi Dong, Chen Shen, Hongsheng Zhang, Bin Luo, Peng Chen, Davide Comoletti, Hongyang Jing, Hongsheng Wang, Heath Robinson, Wen-Cheng Xiong, Lin Mei
Summary: Research has shown that the development of dopamine (DA) synapses is controlled by a trans interaction between NRG3 in DA neurons and Caspr3 in MSNs, identifying a novel pair of cell adhesion molecules for brain circuit wiring.
Article
Neurosciences
Guanglin Xing, Hongyang Jing, Zheng Yu, Peng Chen, Hongsheng Wang, Wen-Cheng Xiong, Lin Mei
Summary: This study demonstrates that Rapsn undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation to form liquid-like assemblies, recruiting various proteins for NMJ formation. The multivalent binding of tetratricopeptide repeats (TPRs) and Musk signaling play critical roles in regulating Rapsn LLPS for NMJ assembly. Mutations associated with congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMSs) impair the condensation ability of Rapsn and result in impaired NMJ formation in mutant mice.
Article
Neurosciences
Heath L. Robinson, Zhibing Tan, Ivan Santiago-Marrero, Emily P. Arzola, Timothy Vladimir Dong, Wen-Cheng Xiong, Lin Mei
Summary: This study reveals the important roles of neuregulin 1 (NRG1) and its receptor ErbB4 in regulating hippocampal Sharp wave ripples (SW-Rs) and spatial working memory. The findings are further confirmed by experiments using chemical genetic mutant mice.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Hongsheng Wang, Wen-Cheng Xiong, Lin Mei
Summary: Excessive mitophagy in BLA neurons synapsing onto adBNST neurons was identified as a mechanism for reduced neurotransmission and anxiety-like behaviors induced by social defeat.
Article
Neurosciences
Hongsheng Wang, Wenbing Chen, Zhaoqi Dong, Guanglin Xing, Wanpeng Cui, Lingling Yao, Wen-Jun Zou, Heath L. Robinson, Yaoyao Bian, Zhipeng Liu, Kai Zhao, Bin Luo, Nannan Gao, Hongsheng Zhang, Xiao Ren, Zheng Yu, James Meixiong, Wen-Cheng Xiong, Lin Mei
Summary: A study has identified ErBB4 as a marker for heat-sensitive spinal neurons in mice, which receive inputs from nociceptors and form excitatory synapses onto target neurons. Activation of these neurons enhances heat response, while inhibition reduces it. NRG1 regulates this process by promoting glutamatergic transmission through the dynamic activity of the tyrosine kinase. This research reveals the spinal neuron connection and regulatory mechanism of heat sensation involving the NRG1-ErBB4 signaling.
Article
Cell Biology
Meagan M. Kitt, Nobuko Tabuchi, W. Clay Spencer, Heath L. Robinson, Xinrui L. Zhang, Brent A. Eastman, Katherine J. Lobur, Jerry Silver, Lin Mei, Evan S. Deneris
Summary: This study reveals a specialized transcriptional program in adult-stage neurons that ensures the preservation of neuronal connectivity. The transcription factors Lmx1b and Pet1 switch their function from controlling embryonic axonal growth to sustaining a transcriptomic signature of serotonin (5-HT) connectivity in adult-stage. Deficiency of Lmx1b and Pet1 in adulthood leads to progressive degeneration of 5-HT synapses and axons, increased susceptibility of axons to neurotoxic injury, and abnormal stress responses. These findings suggest that maintaining connectivity transcriptomes protects neuronal connectivity and the decay of such transcriptomes may contribute to age-related brain circuitry diseases.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rangjuan Cao, Peng Chen, Hongsheng Wang, Hongyang Jing, Hongsheng Zhang, Guanglin Xing, Bin Luo, Jinxiu Pan, Zheng Yu, Wen-Cheng Xiong, Lin Mei
Summary: This study reveals the important role of LRP4 in sensory terminal formation and maintenance, and its deficiency affects sensory synapses and movement coordination. LRP4 is critical for muscle spindle formation and maintenance, and its expression can alleviate the impairment in sensory terminals of aged mice. These observations shed light on the unexpected regulation of LRP4 in muscle spindle formation and maintenance and provide insights into the pathological mechanisms of abnormal muscle proprioception.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)