IFI16 and cGAS cooperate in the activation of STING during DNA sensing in human keratinocytes

IFI16 is required for DNA sensing in human macrophages by promoting production and function of cGAMP

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The AIM2-like Receptors Are Dispensable for the Interferon Response to Intracellular DNA

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Activation of STING requires palmitoylation at the Golgi

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STING Activation by Translocation from the ER Is Associated with Infection and Autoinflammatory Disease

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cGAS and Ifi204 Cooperate To Produce Type I IFNs in Response toFrancisellaInfection

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Dynamic Response of IFI16 and Promyelocytic Leukemia Nuclear Body Components to Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection

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Sequence-specific activation of the DNA sensor cGAS by Y-form DNA structures as found in primary HIV-1 cDNA

(2015) Anna-Maria Herzner et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

cGAS-mediated stabilization of IFI16 promotes innate signaling during herpes simplex virus infection

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Phosphorylation of innate immune adaptor proteins MAVS, STING, and TRIF induces IRF3 activation

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Innate immune recognition of DNA: A recent history

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TRIM30α Is a Negative-Feedback Regulator of the Intracellular DNA and DNA Virus-Triggered Response by Targeting STING

(2015) Yanming Wang et al.   PLoS Pathogens

PPM1A Regulates Antiviral Signaling by Antagonizing TBK1-Mediated STING Phosphorylation and Aggregation

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Listeria monocytogenes induces IFN  expression through an IFI16-, cGAS- and STING-dependent pathway

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The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase AMFR and INSIG1 Bridge the Activation of TBK1 Kinase by Modifying the Adaptor STING

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NLRC3, a Member of the NLR Family of Proteins, Is a Negative Regulator of Innate Immune Signaling Induced by the DNA Sensor STING

(2014) Lu Zhang et al.   IMMUNITY

Interferon γ-inducible Protein (IFI) 16 Transcriptionally Regulates Type I Interferons and Other Interferon-stimulated Genes and Controls the Interferon Response to both DNA and RNA Viruses

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Inflammatory Cytokines Break Down Intrinsic Immunological Tolerance of Human Primary Keratinocytes to Cytosolic DNA

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The cGAS-cGAMP-STING Pathway of Cytosolic DNA Sensing and Signaling

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Hydrolysis of 2′3′-cGAMP by ENPP1 and design of nonhydrolyzable analogs

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HSV-1 degrades, stabilizes, requires, or is stung by STING depending on ICP0, the US3 protein kinase, and cell derivation

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Cyclic Dinucleotides Trigger ULK1 (ATG1) Phosphorylation of STING to Prevent Sustained Innate Immune Signaling

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(2013) Leonie Unterholzner   IMMUNOBIOLOGY

Vaccinia virus immune evasion: mechanisms, virulence and immunogenicity

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Proteasomal Degradation of Herpes Simplex Virus Capsids in Macrophages Releases DNA to the Cytosol for Recognition by DNA Sensors

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The Viral Ubiquitin Ligase ICP0 Is neither Sufficient nor Necessary for Degradation of the Cellular DNA Sensor IFI16 during Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection

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Cyclic GMP-AMP Containing Mixed Phosphodiester Linkages Is An Endogenous High-Affinity Ligand for STING

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cGAS produces a 2′-5′-linked cyclic dinucleotide second messenger that activates STING

(2013) Andrea Ablasser et al.   NATURE

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Human STING Can Affect Innate Immune Response to Cyclic Dinucleotides

(2013) Guanghui Yi et al.   PLoS One

PNAS Plus: From the Cover: IFI16 senses DNA forms of the lentiviral replication cycle and controls HIV-1 replication

(2013) M. R. Jakobsen et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Pivotal Roles of cGAS-cGAMP Signaling in Antiviral Defense and Immune Adjuvant Effects

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Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase Is an Innate Immune Sensor of HIV and Other Retroviruses

(2013) D. Gao et al.   SCIENCE

Structures of the HIN Domain:DNA Complexes Reveal Ligand Binding and Activation Mechanisms of the AIM2 Inflammasome and IFI16 Receptor

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TRIM32 Protein Modulates Type I Interferon Induction and Cellular Antiviral Response by Targeting MITA/STING Protein for K63-linked Ubiquitination

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Resistance to HSV-1 infection in the epithelium resides with the novel innate sensor, IFI-16

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Virus-cell fusion as a trigger of innate immunity dependent on the adaptor STING

(2012) Christian K Holm et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

Nuclear IFI16 induction of IRF-3 signaling during herpesviral infection and degradation of IFI16 by the viral ICP0 protein

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Acetylation modulates cellular distribution and DNA sensing ability of interferon-inducible protein IFI16

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Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase Is a Cytosolic DNA Sensor That Activates the Type I Interferon Pathway

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STING is a direct innate immune sensor of cyclic di-GMP

(2011) Dara L. Burdette et al.   NATURE

The helicase DDX41 senses intracellular DNA mediated by the adaptor STING in dendritic cells

(2011) Zhiqiang Zhang et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

RIG-I Detects Viral Genomic RNA during Negative-Strand RNA Virus Infection

(2010) Jan Rehwinkel et al.   CELL

The Ubiquitin Ligase TRIM56 Regulates Innate Immune Responses to Intracellular Double-Stranded DNA

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IFI16 is an innate immune sensor for intracellular DNA

(2010) Leonie Unterholzner et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

The Ubiquitin Ligase RNF5 Regulates Antiviral Responses by Mediating Degradation of the Adaptor Protein MITA

(2009) Bo Zhong et al.   IMMUNITY

AIM2 recognizes cytosolic dsDNA and forms a caspase-1-activating inflammasome with ASC

(2009) Veit Hornung et al.   NATURE

STING regulates intracellular DNA-mediated, type I interferon-dependent innate immunity

(2009) Hiroki Ishikawa et al.   NATURE

Atg9a controls dsDNA-driven dynamic translocation of STING and the innate immune response

(2009) T. Saitoh et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

STING is an endoplasmic reticulum adaptor that facilitates innate immune signalling

(2008) Hiroki Ishikawa et al.   NATURE