Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Qiang Zhang, Yi Cheng, Mei Zhou, Yue Dai
Summary: Locomotion, a fundamental movement in vertebrates, is produced by spinal networks called central pattern generators (CPG). These networks regulate the membrane properties and channel activities of spinal neurons to control muscle contractions. Studies have shown that modulating the activity of sodium, calcium, and potassium channels can affect the generation of locomotion and force production in skeletal muscles. Specifically, upregulating the activity of sodium and calcium channels increases the discharge rate and recruitment of neurons, facilitating locomotor pattern formation and enhancing neural bursting and force generation. Conversely, downregulation of these channels disrupts locomotor pattern and reduces force generation.
FRONTIERS IN COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Ayako Yamaguchi, Manon Peltier
Summary: Males of Xenopus frogs produce species-specific vocalizations to attract females. The central pattern generators (CPGs) that drive the clicks of male frogs are conserved across species, with fast CPGs shared among fast-click species and slow CPGs shared among slow-click species. Testosterone plays a role in organizing fast CPGs in fast-click species, but not in slow-click species. Species-specific calls of Xenopus frogs have evolved by utilizing conserved slow and/or fast CPGs inherited by each species.
Article
Neurosciences
Ariana Z. Turk, Mitchell Bishop, Afuh Adeck, Shahriar SheikhBahaei
Summary: In this paper, we review the location, function, and role of astrocytes in central pattern generators (CPGs) involved in locomotion, respiration, and mastication, and propose that astrocytes may also have a significant role in vocal production CPG.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Andy Wu, Tetsuya Iwasaki
Summary: This article introduces a systematic method for designing a distributed nonlinear controller based on the central pattern generator (CPG) to achieve multiple distinct gaits. By solving eigenstructure assignment problems, the design method allows for adjusting gaits in response to variations in the environment, with numerical examples demonstrating the effectiveness of the approach.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Alex Szorkovszky, Frank Veenstra, Kyrre Glette
Summary: To achieve both autonomy and collaboration, a robot needs to adapt its movement to various stimuli. Legged robots with defined oscillation periods often lack adaptability. In this study, a virtual quadruped robot with a bio-inspired central pattern generator was developed. The robot can spontaneously synchronize its movement to rhythmic stimuli and adjust its gait pattern and frequency accordingly. This technology enables coordinated movement despite differences in morphology and facilitates learning of new movement patterns.
BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS
(2023)
Review
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Yu. A. Tsybina, S. Yu. Gordleeva, A. I. Zharinov, I. A. Kastalskiy, A. V. Ermolaeva, A. E. Hramov, V. B. Kazantsev
Summary: Neuro- and biomorphic approaches in intelligent robotic systems have attracted attention from researchers and engineers. Fish-like swimming robots are simple candidates to reproduce biological mechanics of movement. However, current robotic solutions are still lacking in speed performance, power efficiency, and maneuverability.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Qing Han, Feixiang Cao, Peng Yi, Tiancheng Li
Summary: A central pattern generator (CPG) network model was designed to solve the motion control problem of gecko-like robots in complex environments, providing stable rhythm control signals for each joint using a sinusoidal function. The gecko-like robot successfully walked, crossed obstacles, and climbed steps in the vertical plane based on these stable rhythm control signals. Both simulations and experiments validated the feasibility of the proposed CPG motion control model.
Article
Mathematics
Ying Zhang, Guifang Qiao, Qi Wan, Lei Tian, Di Liu
Summary: A motion controller based on double-layered central pattern generator (CPG) is proposed to implement various movement controls of the hexapod robot in this paper. The CPG network consists of a rhythm layer and a pattern layer, with CPG neurons constructed based on Kuramoto nonlinear oscillator. Parameters for four typical gaits are planned, and the mapping relationship between CPG network signals and hexapod robot's joint trajectories is designed. Co-simulations and experiments verify the feasibility of the proposed CPG-based controller. The hexapod robot with the double-layered CPG-based controller demonstrates stable and various movements, with actual average velocities of the wave gait, tetrapod gait, tripod gait, and self-turning gait being 10.8 mm/s, 25.5 mm/s, 37.8 mm/s, and 26 degrees/s, respectively.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Kaiyu Deng, Alexander J. Hunt, Nicholas S. Szczecinski, Matthew C. Tresch, Hillel J. Chiel, C. J. Heckman, Roger D. Quinn
Summary: This work presents a numerical investigation into a hypothesized two-layer central pattern generator (CPG) that controls mammalian walking, with a focus on the role of weak cross-excitatory connectivity and synapse strength between the two layers. The study shows that the weak cross-excitatory connection makes the CPG more sensitive to perturbations, and increasing the synaptic strength results in a trade-off between forced phase locking and phase delay. The inclusion of a biomechanical model cancels out the differences in neural variables, indicating the importance of biomechanical models in understanding mammalian locomotion.
Article
Neurosciences
Qiang Lu, Xiaoyan Wang, Juan Tian
Summary: The central pattern generator (CPG) is a key neural-circuit component of the locomotion control system, and the rhythm in the CPG locomotor circuits comes from the activity in the ipsilateral excitatory neurons. New integral-order and fractional-order CPG models consider time delays and synaptic interfaces, exhibiting limit cycles and periodic solutions in agreement with the biological characteristics. Coupling models reveal the relationship between the CPG and the motor units and show the effectiveness of fractional-order models in describing the dynamics of the CPG biological system.
COGNITIVE NEURODYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Michael R. Due, Yanqing Wang, Michael A. Barry, Jian Jing, Carrie N. Reaver, Klaudiusz R. Weiss, Elizabeth C. Cropper
Summary: These experiments focus on the interneuron B63 in the feeding central pattern generator in Aplysia californica, investigating the effects of various neuropeptides on its excitability and their importance during task switching. The study shows that ingestive and egestive inputs act convergently on the feeding circuit, potentially serving as a mechanism for arousal during task switching.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Shota Kinoshita, Yoichiro Sugiyama, Keiko Hashimoto, Shinya Fuse, Shigeyuki Mukudai, Toshiro Umezaki, Mathias Dutschmann, Shigeru Hirano
Summary: In this study, unilateral inhibition of the medullary dorsal swallowing networks was found to decrease the activities of swallowing-related cranial motor nerves and modulate the activity of swallowing interneurons. The neuronal networks in the dorsal medulla are responsible for regulating the spatiotemporal organization of pharyngeal swallowing movements through bilateral coordination of the swallowing central pattern generator.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ryan J. Benson, Evan J. Lockyer, Chris T. Compton, Kevin E. Power
Summary: This study demonstrates the activation of interhemispheric inhibition during arm cycling for the first time, quantifying it through assessing the depth of the ipsilateral silent period. Significant reduction in electromyography amplitude of the iSP during cycling was observed.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Jinda Xu, Meili Lu, Zhen Zhang, Xile Wei
Summary: This paper proposes a novel bio-inspired self-repairing CPG model based on tripartite synapse, and demonstrates its robustness and self-repairing capabilities through experiments in the presence of synaptic failures.
Article
Engineering, Marine
Yonghui Cao, Yu Xie, Yue He, Guang Pan, Qiaogao Huang, Yong Cao
Summary: This paper proposes a control scheme combining the bioinspired Central Pattern Generator (CPG) and T-S Fuzzy neural network (NN)-based control to address the difficult problem of motion control of a robotic manta with pectoral fin flexible deformation. The improved CPG drive network is applied to the multi-stage fin structure, and a sensor-based classic T-S Fuzzy NN controller is designed for heading and depth control. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed controller are demonstrated through a pool test.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Ramunas Grigonis, Robertas Guzulaitis, Rokas Buisas, Aidas Alaburda
Article
Neurosciences
Robertas Guzulaitis, Jorn Hounsgaard, Aidas Alaburda
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2016)
Article
Neurosciences
Robertas Guzulaitis, Jorn Hounsgaard
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Neurosciences
Robertas Guzulaitis, Aidas Alaburda, Jorn Hounsgaard
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2014)
Article
Neurosciences
Naama Rotem, Emanuel Sestieri, Jorn Hounsgaard, Yosef Yarom
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2014)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
L. Godenzini, D. Alwis, R. Guzulaitis, S. Honnuraiah, G. J. Stuart, L. M. Palmer
Summary: The study demonstrates the impact of auditory input on sensory encoding in the somatosensory cortex and its positive influence on goal-directed behavior. Auditory input enhances neuronal output and reduces response latency during goal-directed behavior in a tactile-based task.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Robertas Guzulaitis, Luca Godenzini, Lucy Maree Palmer
Summary: The anterior lateral motor cortex plays an important role in influencing behavioral performance and impulsive behavior. Planning motor actions can improve performance, but it can also lead to premature actions.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Urte Jasinskyte, Rokas Buisas, Inga Griskova-Bulanova, Robertas Guzulaitis
Summary: The study found that the estrus cycle can influence the generation of auditory-steady state responses (ASSRs) and that the phase of the estrus cycle should be considered when recording ASSRs in females.
Review
Neurosciences
Robertas Guzulaitis, Lucy M. Palmer
Summary: This study examines the impact of planning and anticipating motor actions on the execution of movements and the potential occurrence of impulsive behavior due to inadequate anticipation control. It reveals that, in addition to the frontal cortex and basal ganglia, the ventromedial thalamus and anterior lateral motor cortex play significant roles in mice.
TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Jorn Hounsgaard
COMPREHENSIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2017)