Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Claudia Schmidt, Tomer Babu, Hana Kostrhunova, Annika Timm, Uttara Basu, Ingo Ott, Valentina Gandin, Viktor Brabec, Dan Gibson
Summary: The multi-action Pt(IV) derivatives of cisplatin with combretastatin A4 (CA4) bioactive ligands show significantly higher cytotoxicity to cancer cells compared to cisplatin. In vivo tests demonstrate that the Pt(IV)-CA4 complexes inhibit tumor growth effectively, with the platinum moiety acting as a carrier triggered by reduction in cancer cells.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniil Spector, Olga Krasnovskaya, Kirill Pavlov, Alexander Erofeev, Peter Gorelkin, Elena Beloglazkina, Alexander Majouga
Summary: This review summarizes the research on the development of Pt(IV) prodrugs with NSAIDs as axial ligands, their cytotoxic action and anti-inflammatory activity mechanism studies, structure-activity ratio, and therapeutic efficacy. The chemo-anti-inflammatory strategy aims to efficiently deliver cytotoxic metabolites and NSAIDs intracellularly in tumor cells to reduce side effects and increase therapeutic efficacy. Studies have shown high therapeutic efficacy both in vitro and in vivo.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Meilin Mu, Jiuyu Zhan, Xiaohan Dai, Hongwei Gao
Summary: The study focused on photoactivatable Pt(IV) compounds, which have a unique mechanism of action different from cisplatin and can efficiently overcome the side-effects of drugs. By providing a detailed introduction and comprehensive classification, the research results can effectively serve as a reference for the development of these drugs.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniil Spector, Kirill Pavlov, Elena Beloglazkina, Olga Krasnovskaya
Summary: Pt(IV) prodrugs with a light-controlled mode of activation show high antiproliferative activity when irradiated, but are non-toxic in the absence of light. This review discusses recent advances in photoabsorber-mediated photocontrollable activation of Pt(IV) prodrugs, focusing on the photocatalytic strategy based on flavin derivatives and the conjugation of photoactive molecules with Pt(II) drugs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhiqin Deng, Cai Li, Shu Chen, Qiyuan Zhou, Zoufeng Xu, Zhigang Wang, Houzong Yao, Hajime Hirao, Guangyu Zhu
Summary: Selective activation of prodrugs at diseased tissue through bioorthogonal catalysis using Pt(iv) complexes with internal photoswitches shows promise for precision cancer treatment. These complexes exhibit significantly increased photoconversion efficiency and photocytotoxicity compared to conventional platforms, demonstrating potential for highly effective prodrugs in medical applications.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Anife Ahmedova, Rositsa Mihaylova, Silviya Stoykova, Veronika Mihaylova, Nikola Burdzhiev, Viktoria Elincheva, Georgi Momekov, Denitsa Momekova
Summary: Pt(IV) complexes formed by linking pyrene butyric acid with cisplatin exhibit high anticancer potency against leukemia cells and multidrug-resistant derivatives, while showing low toxicity to healthy cells. The larger bis-pyrene complex is found to potentially be trapped in the cytoskeleton, limiting its cytotoxicity to adherent cells.
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Darren Fergal Beirne, Barbara Farkas, Chiara Donati, Valentina Gandin, Isabel Rozas, Trinidad Velasco-Torrijos, Diego Montagner
Summary: This study reports the design and evaluation of platinum complexes functionalized with derivatives of imatinib and nilotinib. These drugs release the platinum core and ligands upon reduction in cells, showing both antiproliferative activity and TK inhibition properties.
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Sophia Harringer, Michaela Hejl, Eva A. Enyedy, Michael A. Jakupec, Mathea S. Galanski, Bernhard K. Keppler, Paul J. Dyson, Hristo P. Varbanov
Summary: The study revealed that platinum(iv)-DFO prodrugs exhibit moderate in vitro cytotoxicity with slow activation kinetics across various cancer cell models, showing less pronounced differences between chemoresistant and chemosensitive cell lines as well as between 2D and 3D models compared to clinically used platinum(ii) drug carboplatin.
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Medicinal
Dan Gibson
Summary: Despite over two decades of research on Pt(IV) prodrugs, the key to re-establishing platinum as a great anticancer drug remains elusive. The design of Pt(IV) prodrugs has proven to be a difficult and challenging task.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Qinghe Yang, Gang Li, Weifeng Li, Tian Cai, Hang Liu, Yiming Zhao, Yabing Zhang, Hengshan Wang
Summary: This study synthesized six novel ligustrazine-derived chalcones-modified platinum(IV) complexes and found that one of the compounds, 16a, exhibited better anti-cancer activity and lower toxicity to normal cells compared to CDDP. Mechanistic studies showed that 16a induced DNA damage and initiated a mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway, and it also triggered ferroptosis significantly.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Barbora Mala, Laura E. Murtagh, Charlotte M. A. Farrow, Geoffrey R. Akien, Nathan R. Halcovich, Sarah L. Allinson, James A. Platts, Michael P. Coogan
Summary: This study reports the formation of dinuclear complexes from thiophenolate ligands, as well as the photochemical oxidation to sulfinates, leading to the discovery of tunable photophysics depending on the 1,2-diimine ligands. Different ligand conditions result in various types of complexes, with photooxidation yielding previously unreported Pt(IV)-SO2R complexes exhibiting multiple absorption characteristics.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Amarasooriya M. D. S. Jayawardhana, Yao-Rong Zheng
Summary: This study presents the interactions of mitochondria-damaging Pt(iv) prodrugs with cytochrome c and their therapeutic effects in cancer cells. The Pt(iv) prodrug accumulates in mitochondria, triggers damage and apoptosis, and shows superior efficacy compared to cisplatin. Cytochrome c accelerates reduction of the prodrug and enhances its proapoptotic activity.
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Bin-Bin Pan, Hui-Zhong Liu, Wei-Han Meng, Xun-Cheng Su
Summary: This study investigated the interaction between a platinum(iv) complex and alpha-synuclein (α-S) using high-resolution NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The results showed that the Pt(iv) complex was able to oxidize specific methionine residues in α-S under physiological conditions. These findings are important for understanding the oxidative modification of α-S.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Larasati Larasati, Witri Wahyu Lestari, Maulidan Firdaus
Summary: The conversion of cisplatin Pt(II) into a Pt(IV) complex is a strategy to overcome resistance and side effects. Ligands with bioactivity could target specific cancer cells and enhance cellular uptake. Self-assembled MOFs with high porosity can load drugs and enable controlled release. Combined with prodrugs, MOFs could generate a triple-acting anticancer agent for enhanced treatment.
BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Qian Wang, Meng Xiao, Dianyu Wang, Xiaoxue Hou, Jie Gao, Jinjian Liu, Jianfeng Liu
Summary: This study introduces a synergistic Pt(IV) prodrug that combines dual responsive behavior and dual drug resistance-related pathways deactivation, effectively overcoming drug resistance and improving the efficacy of anticancer drugs through multiple mechanisms.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Karthika J. Kadassery, A. Paden King, Stanley Fayn, Kwamena E. Baidoo, Samantha N. MacMillan, Freddy E. Escorcia, Justin J. Wilson
Summary: Actinium-225 is a promising radionuclide for targeted alpha therapy (TAT). This study investigates the use of two rigid variants of the H-2 macropa chelator for Ac-225 TAT. The results demonstrate the potential of H(2)BZmacropa as a bifunctional chelator for Ac-225 radiopharmaceuticals.
BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Brooke L. McNeil, Karthika J. Kadassery, Anthony W. McDonagh, Wen Zhou, Paul Schaffer, Justin J. Wilson, Caterina F. Ramogida
Summary: This study investigates the effect of macrocyclic backbone size on the coordination ability and metal-complex stability with lead ions in macrocyclic chelators. The results provide important information for the design of suitable chelators for clinical use.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Daniel G. Droege, A. Leila Parker, Griffin M. Milligan, Robert Jenkins, Timothy C. Johnstone
Summary: Here we report an investigation on the synthesis, metalation, and functionalization of bis-pocket porphyrins using the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. We have overcome steric limitations and created water-soluble bis-pocket porphyrins using a Pd-catalyzed strategy.
JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhouyang Huang, Samantha N. N. MacMillan, Justin J. J. Wilson
Summary: In this study, a new fluorogenic mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) inhibitor, RuOCou, is introduced. This compound exhibits both increased MCU-inhibitory activity and fluorescence intensity after aquation. By monitoring its fluorescence response, the aquation of RuOCou can be observed in HeLa cell lysates and live HeLa cells. This fluorogenic prodrug shows potential as a theranostic MCU inhibitor for the treatment of human diseases associated with MCU activity.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sophia E. Hollow, Timothy C. Johnstone
Summary: Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been used for treating acute promyelocytic leukemia but its use in other types of cancers has been slow. Nanodelivery vehicles are being developed to effectively deliver ATO to tumors. Recent developments include realgar nanoparticles and arsenene nanosheets, both showing potential for cancer treatment with reduced side effects.
CURRENT OPINION IN CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Nicholas P. Bigham, Justin J. Wilson
Summary: This study evaluated the inhibitory effects of six Co3+ cage compounds with sarcophagine-like ligands on mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake mediated by the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU). Among them, [Co(sen)](3+) showed potent MCU inhibitor activity, with IC50 values of 160 and 180 nM in permeabilized HeLa and HEK293T cells, respectively. Moreover, compound 3 moderately accumulated in cells and operated as an MCU inhibitor in intact cells. This work demonstrates the potential of using cobalt coordination complexes as MCU inhibitors.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Zhouyang Huang, Jesse A. A. Spivey, Samantha N. N. MacMillan, Justin J. J. Wilson
Summary: This study reports two potent inhibitors of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter, RuOFc and RuOBz, which could be used as tools to study the role of mCa(2+) uptake on cellular function. RuOFc exhibits higher cellular uptake but also higher cytotoxicity, potentially making it a promising anticancer agent targeting the MCU.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joshua J. Woods, Robyn J. Novorolsky, Nicholas P. Bigham, George S. Robertson, Justin J. Wilson
Summary: This study reports the synthesis and characterization of Os245 and its aqua-capped analogue Os245' as effective inhibitors of MCU. The inhibition of MCU by these complexes protects neurons against lethal oxygen-glucose deprivation and induces seizure-like behaviors in mice.
RSC CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Zhouyang Huang, Justin J. Wilson
Summary: The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is a transmembrane protein responsible for mediating mitochondrial calcium uptake and has been identified as a potential target for treating various human diseases. Metal coordination complexes, particularly multinuclear ruthenium complexes, have been extensively studied as MCU inhibitors due to their potent inhibitory activities and established use. Recent research has expanded the metal-based toolkit for MCU inhibition. This concept paper summarizes the development of new metal-based inhibitors and their structure-activity relationships in improving therapeutic potential for managing human diseases related to calcium dysregulation in mitochondria.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nicholas P. Bigham, Justin J. Wilson
Summary: Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a significant factor in the mortality rates of heart disease and stroke patients, leading to cell damage and death after blood and oxygen are restored to ischemic or hypoxic tissue. Current therapeutic options for IRI are limited, but metal-containing coordination and organometallic complexes show potential in treating this condition by delivering gasotransmitters, inhibiting mCa2+ uptake, and decomposing ROS. Inorganic chemistry approaches offer opportunities and challenges for managing IRI.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
John S. Wenger, Monica Weng, Graham N. George, Timothy C. Johnstone
Summary: In contrast to phosphine oxides and arsine oxides, which are stable monomers, stibine oxides are generally polymeric and their properties remain unexplored. In this study, we report the isolation of a monomeric stibine oxide and investigate its bond nature. Furthermore, we demonstrate the diverse reactivity of the stiboryl group, including acting as a Bronsted base, hydrogen-bond acceptor, transition-metal ligand, and participating in addition, exchange, and atom transfer reactions, which differ from its lighter congeners, phosphine oxides and arsine oxides.
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Aohan Hu, Kirsten E. Martin, Dariusz Smilowicz, Eduardo Aluicio-Sarduy, Shelbie J. Cingoranelli, Suzanne E. Lapi, Jonathan W. Engle, Eszter Boros, Justin J. Wilson
Summary: This study describes the synthesis of a bifunctional chelator, py-macrodipa-NCS, and its conjugation to a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-binding moiety for radiolabeling complex preparation. In vivo experiments using mice showed that the resulting complex effectively delivered the radiometals to PSMA-positive tumor sites, but partial radiometal dissociation was observed, indicating the need for further optimization.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Justin J. Wilson, James M. Hodges
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
John S. Wenger, Addis Getahun, Timothy C. Johnstone
Summary: Phosphine oxides and arsine oxides have highly polarized pnictoryl groups and act as Bronsted bases through O-centered lone pairs. A recent study extended the periodic trends in pnictoryl bonding to antimony for the first time by investigating a monomeric stibine oxide. The study found that as the pnictogen atom becomes heavier, the electronic structure of the pnictoryl bond changes, leading to increased donor capacity of the pnictine oxide.
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Brent Lindquist-Kleissler, Timothy C. Johnstone
Summary: The structures of pentavalent antimonials used to treat leishmaniasis have remained unknown despite their widespread use. By synthesizing and characterizing a series of cyclic organostiboranes, researchers have made progress towards understanding the structures of these drugs. X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy provide clear characterization of the structures and interactions of model compounds, which can be used as a framework for elucidating the structures of pentavalent antimonial drugs.
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Vaibhav Bedi, Dipendu Mandal, Zahid Hussain, Shi-Ming Chen, Yile Wu, Zheng-Wang Qu, Stefan Grimme, Douglas W. Stephan
Summary: The reaction of (tBuO(2)CN)(2) with 9-BBN leads to the formation of a bicyclic heterocyclic compound, while its reactions with BF3 or [Et3Si][B(C6F5)(4)] result in the isolation of different compounds. Computational studies reveal that the steric and electronic properties of the Lewis acid are important in the formation of one of the compounds.
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Chisa Itoh, Haruka Yoshino, Taku Kitayama, Wataru Kosaka, Hitoshi Miyasaka
Summary: A new synthetic route for constructing functional paddlewheel diruthenium(II,II) complexes was developed, utilizing Schiff base condensation reactions. The attached Schiff base groups significantly affected the electronic states of the resulting complexes, as revealed by cyclic voltammetry and DFT calculations.
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Danrui Ni, Haozhe Wang, Xianghan Xu, Weiwei Xie, Robert J. Cava
Summary: A layered rhombohedral polymorph of indium(iii) triiodide is synthesized at high pressure and temperature. It has an orange color, which is different from ambient pressure InI3, which has a monoclinic molecular structure and a light-yellow color.
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
(2024)
Review
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Juan Carlos Perez-Sanchez, Raquel P. Herrera, M. Concepcion Gimeno
Summary: Gold(II) complexes have been less utilized in catalysis compared to their gold(I) and gold(III) counterparts. However, gold(II) complexes offer potential in homo-coupling and cross-coupling reactions, as they are more easily accessible through simplified oxidation and reduction processes. Gold(II) exhibits characteristics of both soft acid gold(I) and hard acid gold(III). This review explores the unique reactivity and potential applications of gold(II) species, highlighting their significance in catalytic transformations.
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Nighat Yousuf, Yanping Ma, Qaiser Mahmood, Wenjuan Zhang, Yizhou Wang, Hassan Saeed, Wen-Hua Sun
Summary: In this study, a series of structurally rigid cyclooctyl-fused iminopyridine iron complexes were synthesized and used with methylaluminoxane for isoprene polymerization. The extent of steric hindrance of the ligand framework was found to significantly affect catalytic performance, with less hindrance leading to better activity and stability.
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Chenghao Song, Huiwei Du, Menglei Xu, Jie Yang, Xinyu Zhang, Jungan Wang, Yuanfang Zhang, Chengjun Gu, Rui Li, Tao Hong, Jingji Zhang, Jiangying Wang, Yongchun Ye
Summary: This study improves the performance of perovskite solar cells by using a dual-hole transport layer strategy. This strategy enhances the charge transfer efficiency of the transport layer, reduces charge recombination, and improves the quality of the perovskite film layer. Ultimately, the stability of the device is enhanced.
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Mahender Singh, Aakash Yadav, Ranjit Singh, Chullikkattil P. Pradeep
Summary: A new aryl selenonium polyoxometalate hybrid was developed and compared with an aryl sulfonium polyoxometalate hybrid in terms of their photocatalytic properties. It was found that the aryl selenonium hybrid exhibited better catalytic performance, which could be attributed to the larger atomic radii of selenium stabilizing the photogenerated electron-hole pair more efficiently. Additionally, the generation of elemental selenium through cleavage of C-Se bonds during catalysis was observed.
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Yuhan Xie, Boyu Dong, Xuemin Wang, Siyuan Wang, Jinxi Chen, Yongbing Lou
Summary: This study successfully fabricated visible-light-responsive three-dimensional core-shell CoSe2/ZnIn2S4 heterostructures and achieved attractive activity in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The presence of CoSe2 improved light absorption and accelerated charge transfer kinetics. The strong interaction between CoSe2 and ZnIn2S4 reduced charge recombination, further enhancing photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution.
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Andre L. de O. Batista, Joao Marcos T. Palheta, Mauricio J. Piotrowski, Celso R. C. Rego, Diego Guedes-Sobrinho, Alexandre C. Dias
Summary: This study presents a simulation protocol that provides a solid foundation for exploring two-dimensional materials. Using the TiBr2 2H monolayer as an example, the study reveals its promising properties for optoelectronic and valleytronic applications, including its stability, spin-orbit coupling effects, and optical helicity selection rule.
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Jiang Jiang, Zi-Wei Li, Zhi-Zhuan Zhang, Bin Tan, Zhao-Feng Wu, Xiao-Ying Huang
Summary: In this work, two metal organic frameworks (MOFs) containing {Cu2I2} clusters, Eu-CuI-INA and Sr-K-CuI-INA, were synthesized and characterized. Both materials have a three-dimensional structure with {Cu2I2} clusters coordinated by INA(-) ligands and Eu3+ or Sr2+ ions. The Sr-K-CuI-INA material exhibited sensitive fluorescence sensing behaviors towards cysteine and nitro-bearing molecules, showing potential applications in bio and explosive molecule sensing. This work provides a good reference for designing fluorescent MOF probes containing CuI molecules.
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Zhiya Lin, Jiasheng Wu, Qianwen Ye, Yulong Chen, Hai Jia, Xiaohui Huang, Shaoming Ying
Summary: Na-ion batteries (NIBs) have attracted great interest as a potential technology for grid-scale energy storage due to the wide distribution, low cost, and environmental friendliness of sodium resources. However, their implementation is hindered by low rate capability and cycling stability caused by the large ionic size of Na+. In this study, a three-dimensional nanoarchitectured coral-like CoSe2@N-doped carbon (CL-CoSe2@NC) was synthesized, and it exhibited improved sodium storage properties with better electrode kinetics and a stable SEI film.
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Ya-Qiong Zhang, Yu Zhang, Guoping Zeng, Rong-Zhen Liao, Man Li
Summary: The mechanism and selectivity of CO2 reduction under visible light were investigated using density functional calculations. The results showed that a tetradentate PNNP-type Iridium(III) complex exhibited high activity and selectivity in the reaction.
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Sanyukta Ghosh, Shubhanth Jain, Soumya Ranjan Mishra, Gerda Rogl, Peter Rogl, Ernst Bauer, B. S. Murty, A. Govindaraj, Ramesh Chandra Mallik
Summary: In this study, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was uniformly dispersed in the In0.5Co4Sb12 bulk material by ultrasonication, which effectively reduced the lattice thermal conductivity and improved the thermoelectric efficiency.
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Mika Takeuchi, Yutaka Amao
Summary: This study developed an effective visible-light driven system for fumaric acid production using renewable resources such as biomass derivatives, providing an alternative to the current petroleum-based synthesis methods.
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Juan Jian, Meiting Wang, Zhuo Wang, Jingwen Meng, Yuqin Yang, Limin Chang
Summary: Developing low-cost and self-supported bifunctional catalysts is crucial for highly efficient water splitting devices. In this study, nano-NiFe2O4 was directly grown onto iron foil surface and Sn4+ was introduced into the NiFe2O4. The resulting Sn-NiFe2O4/IF showed low overpotentials and high current densities during oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), making it a promising catalyst for large-scale hydrogen production.
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
(2024)
