Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Grace Felciya Sekar Jeyakumar, Poornima Velswamy, Deebasuganya Gunasekaran, Nivethitha Panneerselvam Manimegalai, Kiran Manikantan Syamala, Uma Tiruchirappalli Sivagnanam
Summary: The irregular expression of bone matrix proteins during bone regeneration can result in deformities. In this study, a metal-organic composite [TQ-Sr-Fe] was developed to enhance bone mineralization. The composite showed a sheet-like structure and exhibited biocompatibility with cells. It promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteoblastic differentiation, leading to increased calcium deposition and mineralization. Overall, the TQ-Sr-Fe composite has the potential to accelerate bone regeneration.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Sana Ansari, Bregje W. M. de Wildt, Michelle A. M. Vis, Carolina E. de Korte, Keita Ito, Sandra Hofmann, Yuana Yuana
Summary: MtVs, including phosphatases, calcium, and inorganic phosphate, play a crucial role in matrix mineralization and possess bone-targeting and osteo-inductive properties.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yukiko Kuroda, Katsuhiro Kawaai, Naoya Hatano, Yanlin Wu, Hidekazu Takano, Atsushi Momose, Takuya Ishimoto, Takayoshi Nakano, Paul Roschger, Stephane Blouin, Koichi Matsuo
Summary: The study identified a new subtype of osteoblasts, known as auditory osteoblasts, that produce type II collagen and are responsible for the highly mineralized hearing-related bones. These osteoblasts exhibit differences from conventional osteoblasts and chondrocytes, showing higher bone matrix mineralization and apatite orientation in auditory ossicles and the bony labyrinth.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Polymer Science
Marta S. Carvalho, Joaquim M. S. Cabral, Claudia L. da Silva, Deepak Vashishth
Summary: Engineering biomaterials that mimic the extracellular matrix of bone is crucial for bone tissue engineering applications. While collagen is known to be critical for bone tissue regeneration, the potential effects of non-collagenous proteins remain understudied. Incorporating non-collagenous proteins into scaffolds can enhance their performance and lead to the development of improved biomimetic bone materials.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mengxi Guo, Qingli Zhou, Zheng Wang, Quanli Li, Chris Ying Cao
Summary: This study proposes a novel strategy of biomimetic collagen mineralization using ALONs to modify and cross-link collagen fibrils, promoting intrafibrillar collagen mineralization. The formation of ALONs-CaP complex increases the pool of mineralization precursors and enables the production of higher-quality mineralized collagen with better biomechanical properties in a short period of time.
MATERIALS TODAY ADVANCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stephane Durual, Leandra Schaub, Mustapha Mekki, Daniel Manoil, Carla P. Martinelli-Klay, Irena Sailer, Susanne S. Scherrer, Laurine Marger
Summary: The study demonstrated that saline treatment could improve the handling of DBBM-C and accelerate bone regeneration, resulting in higher quality tissue in vivo.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xin Qin, Qing Jiang, Hisato Komori, Chiharu Sakane, Ryo Fukuyama, Yuki Matsuo, Kosei Ito, Toshihiro Miyazaki, Toshihisa Komori
Summary: The study revealed the crucial role of Runx2 in the expression of major bone matrix protein genes and Tnfsf11 after commitment into osteoblasts in mice, and its deficiency may lead to dwarfism and reduced bone mass in mice.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Daiki Tanaka, Yuichi Ikeda, Eri Ikeda, Mako Yokose, Bernhard Ganss, Takanori Iwata
Summary: Amelotin plays a positive role in bone repair by promoting hydroxyapatite mineralization. The study demonstrates that Amelotin significantly increases the proliferation of bone cells and enhances the expression of the Spp1 gene in an osteoinductive medium.
ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jyotirmaya Behera, Jessica Ison, Michael J. Voor, Neetu Tyagi
Summary: The study shows that probiotics supplementation can significantly increase trabecular bone volume and bone mechanical strength in obese mice, prevent gut inflammation, and improve osteoblast mineralization. Mechanistically, probiotics treatment increases the expression of mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) in osteoblasts by promoting histone demethylation, thereby inhibiting epigenetic methylation and preventing obesity-induced bone diseases.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Justine Tanjaya, Pin Ha, Yulong Zhang, Chenchao Wang, Yash Shah, Emily Berthiaume, Hsin Chuan Pan, Jiayu Shi, Jinny Kwak, Benjamin Wu, Kang Ting, Xinli Zhang, Chia Soo
Summary: Recent investigations have shown that suppressing PPAR gamma-mediated adipogenesis can improve bone formation in osteoporosis. This study explores a co-treatment strategy using NELL-1 and PPAR gamma suppression, which significantly enhanced bone formation and increased cell proliferation while decreasing apoptosis in mice. This suggests that combining PPAR gamma suppression with NELL-1 therapy may be a promising method to reverse bone loss in osteoporosis.
Article
Cell Biology
Leticia Scussel Bergamin, Letizia Penolazzi, Elisabetta Lambertini, Simonetta Falzoni, Alba Clara Sarti, Caroline M. Molle, Fernand-Pierre Gendron, Pasquale De Bonis, Francesco Di Virgilio, Roberta Piva
Summary: The study revealed the involvement of the P2X7 receptor in bone maturation, highlighting its importance in bone mineralization, and providing new insights for developing drugs targeting this receptor for the therapy of bone diseases.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aline Bernar, Jennifer Viktoria Gebetsberger, Monika Bauer, Werner Streif, Michael Schirmer
Summary: The alizarin red S assay is widely used for quantification of osteoblast mineralization. However, it has limitations in sensitivity for detecting slight effects of potentially clinically relevant substances. This study optimized the sensitivity of the staining method by increasing the mineralization ability of osteoblasts through the addition of calcium chloride or calcitonin. The results showed that only calcium chloride significantly increased mineralization, enhancing the sensitivity of the alizarin red S staining in a dose-dependent manner.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Maximilian M. Delsmann, Richard Seist, Julian Stuerznickel, Felix N. Schmidt, Amer Mansour, Margaret M. Kobelski, Gabriel Broocks, Jonathan Peichl, Ralf Oheim, Mark Praetorius, Thorsten Schinke, Michael Amling, Marie B. Demay, Konstantina M. Stankovic, Tim Rolvien
Summary: X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a hereditary musculoskeletal disorder caused by mutations in the PHEX gene, leading to renal phosphate wasting and clinical manifestations of rickets, with commonly observed hearing loss. Research on XLH mice shows that conductive hearing loss is mainly due to severe hypomineralization of ossicles, with increased void volume and unmineralized bone.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Marjolein van Driel, Johannes P. T. M. van Leeuwen
Summary: Despite its rigid structure, the bone is a dynamic organ, highly regulated by endocrine factors. Vitamin D, particularly its renal metabolite 1 alpha,25-OH2D3, plays a major role in maintaining bone structure by influencing osteoblasts in various ways. These include directing osteoblasts towards proliferation or apoptosis, regulating their differentiation and bone matrix production, and controlling the mineralization of the bone matrix. Osteoblasts also possess the enzymes necessary to metabolize 1 alpha,25-OH2D3, indicating the transition of vitamin D from an endocrine regulator to an autocrine/paracrine regulator in bone formation.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sergio Rosini, Gianantonio Saviola, Andrea Florian, Luigi Molfetta
Summary: Osteoblasts and adipocytes share a common progenitor cell and are regulated by extracellular signaling and nuclear interactions. Adipose tissue produces adipokines, such as leptin, which can influence bone metabolism and affect the activity of various organs. Body Mass Index (BMI) affects bone density, and low body weight is considered a risk factor for osteoporosis fractures. Leptin has both anabolic and catabolic effects on bone through its influence on body weight and sex hormones.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL REGULATORS AND HOMEOSTATIC AGENTS
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Kanchan Phadwal, Christina Vrahnas, Ian G. Ganley, Vicky E. MacRae
Summary: Mitochondria play a crucial role in bioenergetics and biosynthesis within cells, but under oxidative stress, they can lead to dysfunction and cellular apoptosis, contributing to aging and inflammatory states. Maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis is essential for preserving the contractile phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells, while mitochondrial dysfunction may directly contribute to vascular calcification and related pathologies.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Katherine A. Staines, Katherine Myers, Kirsty Little, Stuart H. Ralston, Colin Farquharson
Summary: Studies have shown that proton pump inhibitors may affect bone health by inhibiting the activity of the bone-specific phosphatase PHOSPHO1 and matrix mineralization, providing a potential mechanism for the increased risk of fractures associated with these widely used drugs.
CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Karla J. Suchacki, Carlos J. Alcaide-Corral, Samah Nimale, Mark G. Macaskill, Roland H. Stimson, Colin Farquharson, Tom C. Freeman, Adriana A. S. Tavares
Summary: Bone is recognized as a key regulator of various metabolic processes, yet our understanding of its complex interactions at the systems level remains limited. By using total-body PET network analysis, unique glucose metabolism in different bones and a complex metabolic network have been revealed, demonstrating the potential of this approach to uncover new physiological and pathological tissue interactions beyond skeletal metabolism.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Claire L. Wood, Rob van 't Hof, Scott Dillon, Volker Straub, Sze C. Wong, S. Faisal Ahmed, Colin Farquharson
Summary: Short stature and osteoporosis are common in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The abnormality of the GH/IGF-1 axis and long-term GC treatment may contribute to these conditions. An agent with anabolic properties that improve linear growth is needed and further exploration is required.
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
H. J. Samvelyan, C. Huesa, L. Cui, C. Farquharson, K. A. Staines
Summary: In this study, we found that mice deficient in SOCS2 exhibited accelerated bone growth. However, this accelerated growth did not significantly impact vulnerability to osteoarthritis (OA).
BONE & JOINT RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Qiyu Tang, Andrew J. McNair, Kanchan Phadwal, Vicky E. Macrae, Brendan M. Corcoran
Summary: Mitral valve prolapse is a chronic degenerative cardiovascular disease that affects both humans and dogs. Understanding the histopathology, cellular activities, and molecular mechanisms of the disease, including the role of TGF-beta, is crucial for developing treatment strategies.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Kanchan Phadwal, Eve Koo, Ross A. Jones, Rachael O. Forsythe, Keyi Tang, Qiyu Tang, Brendan M. Corcoran, Andrea Caporali, Vicky E. MacRae
Summary: Vascular calcification is associated with aging, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis, and can be reduced by metformin through autophagic degradation of Runx2. Mechanistic studies reveal the interactions between Runx2, p62, and LC3 are regulated by metformin. Clinical analyses show a negative association between Runx2 and LC3 in vascular calcification. Exploiting metformin and its analogues may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for vascular calcification.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Shun-Neng Hsu, Louise A. Stephen, Scott Dillon, Elspeth Milne, Behzad Javaheri, Andrew A. Pitsillides, Amanda Novak, Jose Luis Millan, Vicky E. MacRae, Katherine A. Staines, Colin Farquharson
Summary: This study found that in mice with advanced CKD, bone density increased in cortical bone but decreased in trabecular bone. TNAP expression was decreased while PHOSPHO1 expression was increased in CKD bones. In P1KO CKD mice, cortical BMD was restored and other structural parameters improved. In vitro experiments showed that hyperphosphatemia and/or hyperparathyroidism downregulated TNAP and PHOSPHO1 expressions.
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dean A. Houston, Louise A. Stephen, Soher N. Jayash, Katherine Myers, Kirsty Little, Mark Hopkinson, Andrew A. Pitsillides, Vicky E. MacRae, Jose Luis Millan, Katherine A. Staines, Colin Farquharson
Summary: The administration of intermittent parathyroid hormone (iPTH) can enhance bone mineralization and osteogenesis by regulating the expression of key enzymes such as PHOSPHO1.
CELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND FUNCTION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kanchan Phadwal, Qi-Yu Tang, Ineke Luijten, Jin-Feng Zhao, Brendan Corcoran, Robert K. Semple, Ian G. Ganley, Vicky E. MacRae
Summary: Arterial calcification, a characteristic of cardiovascular disease, shares similarities with skeletal mineralization but the cellular mechanisms are not fully understood. This study found that vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification is associated with elongated mitochondria, increased reactive oxygen species production, and reduced mitophagy. The protein expressions of OPA1 and DRP1, key regulators of mitochondrial fusion and fission, respectively, were also altered. Additionally, p53-induced mitochondrial fusion was found to underlie cellular senescence in VSMC calcification.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Qiyu Tang, Greg R. Markby, Andrew J. MacNair, Keyi Tang, Michal Tkacz, Maciej Parys, Kanchan Phadwal, Vicky E. MacRae, Brendan M. Corcoran
Summary: The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway plays a role in myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). The study examined the expression of PI3K and TGF-beta 1 in valves and isolated and characterized valve interstitial cells (VICs) from healthy and MMVD dogs. The activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and increased expression of TGF-beta were found in activated myofibroblast phenotypes (aVICs) derived from diseased valves. Antagonism of PI3K/AKT/mTOR reversed the myofibroblast transition and promoted autophagy. upregulation of mTOR/S6K induced transformation of senescent aVICs with reduced apoptosis and autophagy. The knockdown of p70 S6K reversed cell transition by attenuating cell senescence, inhibiting apoptosis, and improving autophagy. The TGF-beta-induced PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling contributes to MMVD pathogenesis and regulates myofibroblast differentiation, apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence.
CELL PROLIFERATION
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jordan Tzvetkov, Louise A. Stephen, Scott Dillon, Jose Luis Millan, Anke J. Roelofs, Cosimo De Bari, Colin Farquharson, Tony Larson, Paul Genever
Summary: Lipids play a crucial role in regulating the development and maintenance of the skeleton. This study investigated the lipid atlas of healthy mouse knee and revealed the effects of PHOSPHO1 ablation on the growth plate lipidome. The findings highlight the essential role of PHOSPHO1-mediated membrane phospholipid metabolism in lipid and bone homeostasis.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Fatma F. Mohamed, Michael B. Chavez, Flavia Amadeu de Oliveira, Sonoko Narisawa, Colin Farquharson, Jose Luis Millan, Brian L. Foster
Summary: Mineralization of the skeleton requires the actions of phosphatases PHOSPHO1 and TNAP. PHOSPHO1 produces inorganic phosphate to initiate hydroxyapatite formation, while TNAP hydrolyzes substances to generate phosphate. Mutations in the Phospho1 gene may contribute to dental defects in pseudo-HPP cases.
FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE
(2022)