Article
Physiology
Sonia Metayer-Coustard, Sophie Tesseraud, Christophe Praud, David Royer, Thierry Bordeau, Edouard Coudert, Estelle Cailleau-Audouin, Estelle Godet, Joel Delaveau, Elisabeth Le Bihan-Duval, Cecile Berri
Summary: Divergent selection on Pectoralis major pHu in chickens resulted in the creation of pHu+ and pHu- lines, with differences in carbohydrate and protein metabolism which likely affect muscle growth and energy storage capabilities. These differences were already present at hatching, indicating early mechanisms involved in the establishment of phenotypes.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Astrid M. H. Horstman, Stephen J. Bawden, Abi Spicer, Noura Darwish, Amelie Goyer, Leonie Egli, Natacha Rupp, Kaori Minehira, Penny Gowland, Denis Breuille, Ian A. Macdonald, Elizabeth J. Simpson
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the changes in liver glycogen concentration in children after overnight fasting and its response to feeding. The study found that liver glycogen concentration decreased by 22.9% after overnight fasting, and the incremental response to consumption of 15.5g and 31g carbohydrates was higher compared to water.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Keiko Namma-Motonaga, Emi Kondo, Takuya Osawa, Keisuke Shiose, Akiko Kamei, Motoko Taguchi, Hideyuki Takahashi
Summary: Daily muscle glycogen recovery is crucial for athletes. This study used C-13-MRS to investigate the impact of carbohydrate intake on muscle glycogen recovery for 24 hours after exercise. The findings suggest that a carbohydrate intake of 5 g/kg BM/d is insufficient for Japanese athletes to recover muscle glycogen stores within 24 hours.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Menno Henselmans, Thomas Bjornsen, Richie Hedderman, Fredrik Tonstad Varvik
Summary: The effect of carbohydrate intake on strength training performance has not been systematically analyzed. Acute supplementation and short-term manipulation did not show beneficial effects, while long-term manipulation had inconsistent results. Carbohydrate intake has minimal impact on workouts consisting of up to 10 sets per muscle group, but may benefit performance during higher intensity workouts. More research is needed for further validation.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Pedro L. Valenzuela, Adrian Castillo-Garcia, Alejandro Lucia, Fernando Naclerio
Summary: Ketogenic diets have shown short-term effectiveness in reducing body fat and weight in strength-trained individuals, but long-term studies are still lacking. When compared to traditional diets, low-calorie ketogenic diets do not offer significant advantages in terms of body composition. Some studies suggest that ketogenic diets may have detrimental effects on muscle hypertrophy.
Article
Sport Sciences
Kyoungrae Kim, Christopher K. Kargl, Bohyun Ro, Qifan Song, Kimberly Stein, Timothy P. Gavin, Bruno T. Roseguini
Summary: The study found that a single session of either PPDC or local HT does not accelerate glycogen resynthesis and the recovery of muscle function after prolonged intermittent shuttle running.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Izabela Gutowska, Agnieszka Maruszewska, Marta Skorka-Majewicz, Agnieszka Kempinska-Podhorodecka, Agnieszka Kolasa, Agata Wszolek, Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka, Wojciech Zwierello
Summary: Human exposure to fluorine from multiple sources can lead to metabolic disorders, particularly in muscle cells. This study investigated the impact of fluoride exposure on enzymes involved in muscle glycogen metabolism. It was found that fluoride exposure altered energy state, enzyme expression, and glycogen deposition in cells.
Article
Microbiology
Pashupati Bhandari, Janet E. Hill
Summary: Increased abundance of Gardnerella spp. is a diagnostic characteristic of bacterial vaginosis, an imbalance in the human vaginal microbiome associated with troubling symptoms and negative reproductive health outcomes. Competition for nutrients is likely an important factor in causing dramatic shifts in the vaginal microbial community.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Julia L. Bone, Megan L. Ross, Kristyen A. Tomcik, Nikki A. Jeacocke, Alannah K. A. McKay, Louise M. Burke
Summary: Despite promising results in early validation studies, newer research from independent groups has shown discrepancies in MuscleSound(R) scores correlating with actual muscle glycogen content, raising questions about the validity of this technology. Requires further research to confirm its effectiveness.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Anna C. Salvador, Danny Arends, William T. Barrington, Ahmed M. Elsaadi, Gudrun A. Brockmann, David W. Threadgill
Summary: Genetic mapping revealed QTLs on Chromosome 1, 5, and 7 associated with fat and lean mass gain, as well as a significant QTL on Chromosome 1 linked to serum HDL cholesterol concentration. Causal network analysis showed a connection between HDL cholesterol and fat mass gain with Fmgq1, while strong sex effects were identified at Fmgq2 and Lmgq1, influenced by diet.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Natalie R. Janzen, Jamie Whitfield, Lisa Murray-Segal, Bruce E. Kemp, John A. Hawley, Nolan J. Hoffman
Summary: Disrupting AMPK-glycogen interaction reduces maximal exercise capacity and skeletal muscle AMPK alpha and beta 2 content, and increases glycogen utilization.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anders B. Klein, Trine S. Nicolaisen, Niels Ortenblad, Kasper D. Gejl, Rasmus Jensen, Andreas M. Fritzen, Emil L. Larsen, Kristian Karstoft, Henrik E. Poulsen, Thomas Morville, Ronni E. Sahl, Jorn W. Helge, Jens Lund, Sarah Falk, Mark Lyngbaek, Helga Ellingsgaard, Bente K. Pedersen, Wei Lu, Brian Finan, Sebastian B. Jorgensen, Randy J. Seeley, Maximilian Kleinert, Bente Kiens, Erik A. Richter, Christoffer Clemmensen
Summary: Prolonged endurance exercise increases circulating GDF15 levels in humans to levels observed in pathophysiological conditions, but this exercise-induced GDF15 does not affect post-exercise food intake or exercise motivation like pharmacological GDF15 does.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Sport Sciences
Raven O. Huiberts, Rob C. I. Wust, Stephan van der Zwaard
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the sex-specific and training status-specific adaptations in strength, power, muscle hypertrophy, and VO2max to concurrent strength and endurance training in healthy adults. The results showed that concurrent training had a small interference effect on lower-body strength adaptations in males but not in females. Untrained endurance athletes demonstrated lower improvements in VO2max following concurrent training compared to trained or highly trained athletes. Further research on females and highly trained individuals is needed.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David P. McBey, Michelle Dotzert, C. W. J. Melling
Summary: This study investigated glycogen and fat content in skeletal muscle fibres of diabetic rats following exercise training. The results indicate that insulin treatment and exercise training have significant effects on muscle fibre types and lipid content.
LIPIDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Timothy David Noakes
Summary: The introduction of the needle muscle biopsy technique in the 1960s revolutionized the study of muscle tissue in exercising humans. The role of muscle glycogen content and blood glucose concentration in fatigue during prolonged exercise is still a matter of debate.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sion A. Parry, Mark C. Turner, Rachel M. Woods, Lewis J. James, Richard A. Ferguson, Matthew Cocks, Katie L. Whytock, Juliette A. Strauss, Sam O. Shepherd, Anton J. M. Wagenmakers, Gerrit van Hall, Carl J. Hulston
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2020)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Kanchana Srisawat, Katie Hesketh, Matt Cocks, Juliette Strauss, Ben J. Edwards, Paulo J. Lisboa, Sam Shepherd, Jatin G. Burniston
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
A. Nolan, R. Brett, J. A. Strauss, C. E. Stewart, S. O. Shepherd
Summary: Short-term supplementation with anthocyanin-rich New Zealand blackcurrant extract improved insulin sensitivity and postprandial glucose responses in overweight individuals, while a single dose did not have a significant effect. Continuous glucose monitoring enabled the observation of the effects of the extract under free-living conditions, indicating the potential of anthocyanin-rich supplements in reducing insulin resistance.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Katie L. Whytock, Sam O. Shepherd, Matt Cocks, Anton J. M. Wagenmakers, Juliette A. Strauss
Summary: The study found that short-term high-fat, high-calorie diets did not significantly impact insulin sensitivity, metabolic flexibility, or arterial stiffness in young healthy males and females. There were differences in fat distribution between males and females, with males showing a more significant increase in trunk to leg fat mass ratio.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Mark A. Hearris, Daniel J. Owens, Juliette A. Strauss, Sam O. Shepherd, Adam P. Sharples, James P. Morton, Julien B. Louis
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Cell Biology
Juliette A. Strauss, Daisy A. Shepherd, Myfanwy Macey, Emily F. P. Jevons, Sam O. Shepherd
HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Physiology
Mohd-Firdaus Maasar, Daniel C. Turner, Piotr P. Gorski, Robert A. Seaborne, Juliette A. Strauss, Sam O. Shepherd, Matt Cocks, Nicolas J. Pillon, Juleen R. Zierath, Andrew T. Hulton, Barry Drust, Adam P. Sharples
Summary: The study found that different types of exercises, especially change of direction exercise, may induce higher exercise intensity and greater genome-wide hypomethylation features post-exercise, which are associated with changes in gene expression levels related to exercise adaptation.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
J. Marc Fell, Mark A. Hearris, Daniel G. Ellis, James E. P. Moran, Emily F. P. Jevons, Daniel J. Owens, Juliette A. Strauss, Matthew Cocks, Julien B. Louis, Sam O. Shepherd, James P. Morton
Summary: Muscle glycogen and intramuscular triglycerides are important energy substrates during prolonged exercise. Exercise-induced changes in lipid droplet morphology have been found to be influenced by exercise and CHO feeding in trained males. CHO feeding did not affect glycogen or IMTG utilization in muscle fibres. Moreover, CHO feeding did not attenuate cell signalling pathways related to mitochondrial biogenesis during exercise.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Philipp Baumert, S. Temple, J. M. Stanley, M. Cocks, J. A. Strauss, S. O. Shepherd, B. Drust, M. J. Lake, C. E. Stewart, R. M. Erskine
Summary: The study reveals that repeated maximal sprints can lead to neuromuscular fatigue in hamstring muscles, causing both immediate strength loss linked to central and peripheral fatigue and prolonged strength loss associated with muscle damage indicators. The findings suggest that kinematic changes after sprinting may protect fatigued hamstrings, while factors like muscle cross-sectional area and myoblast:fibroblast ratio could aid in muscle recovery within 48 hours post-sprinting.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
J. S. Barrett, K. L. Whytock, J. A. Strauss, A. J. M. Wagenmakers, S. O. Shepherd
Summary: Large intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) stores have been linked to insulin resistance, but it is now known that it is not the IMTG content itself, but the presence of harmful lipid metabolites that causes insulin resistance. Mechanistic differences between sedentary obese individuals and trained athletes determine their capacity for IMTG synthesis and breakdown. Improving IMTG turnover is important for preventing insulin resistance in sedentary, overweight, and obese populations.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Katie L. Hesketh, Hannah Church, Florence Kinnafick, Sam O. Shepherd, Anton J. M. Wagenmakers, Matthew Cocks, Juliette A. Strauss
Summary: This study found that HIIT protocols available on social media offer an interesting real-world alternative for promoting exercise participation. Future studies should continue to investigate these highly popular and practical HIIT protocols.
Article
Physiology
Katie Hesketh, Helen Jones, Florence Kinnafick, Sam O. Shepherd, Anton J. M. Wagenmakers, Juliette A. Strauss, Matthew Cocks
Summary: Exercise referral schemes (ERS) are used to promote physical activity in primary care, traditionally conducted in a gym setting with moderate-intensity continuous training. This study evaluated the use of home-based high-intensity interval training (Home-HIIT) for individuals within ERS, and found that both Home-HIIT and MICT led to similar improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, with adherence rates and outcomes maintained at 3-month follow-up. The study suggests that although not superior, Home-HIIT could be an effective and popular additional exercise choice for patients within primary care based ERS.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Philipp Baumert, Matthew Cocks, Juliette A. Strauss, Sam O. Shepherd, Barry Drust, Mark J. Lake, Claire E. Stewart, Robert M. Erskine
Summary: This study identified a polygenic profile associated with muscle weakness and poorer recovery following EIMD, and provided evidence for a novel TTN gene-cell-skeletal muscle mechanism that may help explain some of the interindividual variability in the response to EIMD.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Tanja Oosthuyse, Juliette A. Strauss, Anthony C. Hackney
Summary: This review outlines recent advances in understanding the molecular signaling of ovarian hormones and menstrual phase variations in exercise metabolism. The study found that estrogen and progesterone have different effects on exercise performance and metabolism during different phases of the menstrual cycle, which is important for training and performance of female athletes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)