When encephalitogenic T cells collaborate with microglia in multiple sclerosis

Microglia are an essential component of the neuroprotective scar that forms after spinal cord injury

(2019) Victor Bellver-Landete et al.   Nature Communications

Single-cell profiling identifies myeloid cell subsets with distinct fates during neuroinflammation

(2019) Marta Joana Costa Jordão et al.   SCIENCE

Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of mouse and human microglia at single-cell resolution

(2019) Takahiro Masuda et al.   NATURE

Fate-Mapping of GM-CSF Expression Identifies a Discrete Subset of Inflammation-Driving T Helper Cells Regulated by Cytokines IL-23 and IL-1β

(2019) Juliana Komuczki et al.   IMMUNITY

A single-cell atlas of mouse brain macrophages reveals unique transcriptional identities shaped by ontogeny and tissue environment

(2019) Hannah Van Hove et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

GM-CSF and CXCR4 define a T helper cell signature in multiple sclerosis

(2019) Edoardo Galli et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans as novel drivers of leucocyte infiltration in multiple sclerosis

(2018) Erin L Stephenson et al.   BRAIN

The compartmentalized inflammatory response in the multiple sclerosis brain is composed of tissue-resident CD8+ T lymphocytes and B cells

(2018) Joana Machado-Santos et al.   BRAIN

A Milieu Molecule for TGF-β Required for Microglia Function in the Nervous System

(2018) Yan Qin et al.   CELL

Microglial MHC class II is dispensable for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and cuprizone-induced demyelination

(2018) Yochai Wolf et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

High-Dimensional Single-Cell Mapping of Central Nervous System Immune Cells Reveals Distinct Myeloid Subsets in Health, Aging, and Disease

(2018) Dunja Mrdjen et al.   IMMUNITY

Histone Deacetylases 1 and 2 Regulate Microglia Function during Development, Homeostasis, and Neurodegeneration in a Context-Dependent Manner

(2018) Moumita Datta et al.   IMMUNITY

Peripherally derived macrophages can engraft the brain independent of irradiation and maintain an identity distinct from microglia

(2018) James C. Cronk et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

Siponimod versus placebo in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (EXPAND): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 study

(2018) Ludwig Kappos et al.   LANCET

Repopulated microglia are solely derived from the proliferation of residual microglia after acute depletion

(2018) Yubin Huang et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

Single-cell mass cytometry reveals distinct populations of brain myeloid cells in mouse neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration models

(2018) Bahareh Ajami et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

Microglial Ramification, Surveillance, and Interleukin-1β Release Are Regulated by the Two-Pore Domain K + Channel THIK-1

(2018) Christian Madry et al.   NEURON

Dimethyl fumarate targets GAPDH and aerobic glycolysis to modulate immunity

(2018) Michael D. Kornberg et al.   SCIENCE

Microglial Dynamics During Human Brain Development

(2018) David A. Menassa et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Pleiotropic Impacts of Macrophage and Microglial Deficiency on Development in Rats with Targeted Mutation of the Csf1r Locus

(2018) Clare Pridans et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Innate immune memory in the brain shapes neurological disease hallmarks

(2018) Ann-Christin Wendeln et al.   NATURE

Mononuclear phagocytes locally specify and adapt their phenotype in a multiple sclerosis model

(2018) Giuseppe Locatelli et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

CNS lymphatic drainage and neuroinflammation are regulated by meningeal lymphatic vasculature

(2018) Antoine Louveau et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Microglia throughout the Mouse Lifespan and in the Injured Brain Reveals Complex Cell-State Changes

(2018) Timothy R. Hammond et al.   IMMUNITY

CNS-resident classical DCs play a critical role in CNS autoimmune disease

(2018) David A. Giles et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Brain regulatory T cells suppress astrogliosis and potentiate neurological recovery

(2018) Minako Ito et al.   NATURE

Treatment of multiple sclerosis — success from bench to bedside

(2018) Mar Tintore et al.   Nature Reviews Neurology

Developmental Heterogeneity of Microglia and Brain Myeloid Cells Revealed by Deep Single-Cell RNA Sequencing

(2018) Qingyun Li et al.   NEURON

Acute microglia ablation induces neurodegeneration in the somatosensory system

(2018) Stephen J. Rubino et al.   Nature Communications

Dicer Deficiency Differentially Impacts Microglia of the Developing and Adult Brain

(2017) Diana Varol et al.   IMMUNITY

The TREM2-APOE Pathway Drives the Transcriptional Phenotype of Dysfunctional Microglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases

(2017) Susanne Krasemann et al.   IMMUNITY

Novel TCR-Mediated Mechanisms of Notch Activation and Signaling

(2017) Martin Peter Steinbuck et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Potential benefits of the anti-IL-6 receptor antibody tocilizumab in multiple sclerosis patients with high plasmablast frequency

(2017) M. Araki et al.   JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES

A new fate mapping system reveals context-dependent random or clonal expansion of microglia

(2017) Tuan Leng Tay et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

High-dimensional, single-cell characterization of the brain's immune compartment

(2017) Ben Korin et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

Diverse Requirements for Microglial Survival, Specification, and Function Revealed by Defined-Medium Cultures

(2017) Christopher J. Bohlen et al.   NEURON

An environment-dependent transcriptional network specifies human microglia identity

(2017) David Gosselin et al.   SCIENCE

Opposing Functions of Microglial and Macrophagic TNFR2 in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

(2017) Han Gao et al.   Cell Reports

Elevated Levels of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Multiple Sclerosis Patients

(2017) Timur Khaibullin et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Multiple sclerosis: experimental models and reality

(2016) Hans Lassmann et al.   ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA

Thymus-Derived Regulatory T Cells Are Positively Selected on Natural Self-Antigen through Cognate Interactions of High Functional Avidity

(2016) Elisa Kieback et al.   IMMUNITY

Siponimod (BAF312) prevents synaptic neurodegeneration in experimental multiple sclerosis

(2016) Antonietta Gentile et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

In vitro evaluation of physiologically relevant concentrations of teriflunomide on activation and proliferation of primary rodent microglia

(2016) Tanja Wostradowski et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Activity of secukinumab, an anti-IL-17A antibody, on brain lesions in RRMS: results from a randomized, proof-of-concept study

(2016) Eva Havrdová et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

MS arising during Tocilizumab therapy for rheumatoid arthritis

(2016) Philippe Beauchemin et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Sall1 is a transcriptional regulator defining microglia identity and function

(2016) Anne Buttgereit et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

Origin, fate and dynamics of macrophages at central nervous system interfaces

(2016) Tobias Goldmann et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

Myeloid cells — targets of medication in multiple sclerosis

(2016) Manoj K. Mishra et al.   Nature Reviews Neurology

How neuroinflammation contributes to neurodegeneration

(2016) R. M. Ransohoff   SCIENCE

MS arising during Tocilizumab therapy for rheumatoid arthritis

(2016) Philippe Beauchemin et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

TREM2 Lipid Sensing Sustains the Microglial Response in an Alzheimer’s Disease Model

(2015) Yaming Wang et al.   CELL

Myelin-specific T cells induce interleukin-1beta expression in lesion-reactive microglial-like cells in zones of axonal degeneration

(2015) Manuela Grebing et al.   GLIA

Genetic Cell Ablation Reveals Clusters of Local Self-Renewing Microglia in the Mammalian Central Nervous System

(2015) Julia Bruttger et al.   IMMUNITY

The Cytokine GM-CSF Drives the Inflammatory Signature of CCR2+ Monocytes and Licenses Autoimmunity

(2015) Andrew L. Croxford et al.   IMMUNITY

A dynamic spectrum of monocytes arising from the in situ reprogramming of CCR2+monocytes at a site of sterile injury

(2015) Daniela Dal-Secco et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

Lipopolysaccharide-induced blood-brain barrier disruption: roles of cyclooxygenase, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and elements of the neurovascular unit

(2015) William A. Banks et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Immunization with a Myelin-Derived Antigen Activates the Brain's Choroid Plexus for Recruitment of Immunoregulatory Cells to the CNS and Attenuates Disease Progression in a Mouse Model of ALS

(2015) G. Kunis et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Hydroxychloroquine reduces microglial activity and attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

(2015) Marcus W. Koch et al.   JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES

Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatic vessels

(2015) Antoine Louveau et al.   NATURE

The development and function of lung-resident macrophages and dendritic cells

(2015) Manfred Kopf et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

Microglia Induce Neurotoxic IL-17+ γδ T Cells Dependent on TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 Activation

(2015) Katja Derkow et al.   PLoS One

Homeostasis of Microglia in the Adult Brain: Review of Novel Microglia Depletion Systems

(2015) Ari Waisman et al.   TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY

Microglia-derived IL-1β triggers p53-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in neural precursor cells

(2015) J Guadagno et al.   Cell Death & Disease

Stage-Specific Role of Interferon-Gamma in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis

(2015) Gabriel Arellano et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Effector molecules released by Th1 but not Th17 cells drive an M1 response in microglia

(2014) Chittappen K. Prajeeth et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

Cerebral regulatory T cells restrain microglia/macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses via IL-10

(2014) Luokun Xie et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

CNS myelin induces regulatory functions of DC-SIGN–expressing, antigen-presenting cells via cognate interaction with MOG

(2014) J.J. García-Vallejo et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

Differential roles of microglia and monocytes in the inflamed central nervous system

(2014) Ryo Yamasaki et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

Natural Naive CD4 + CD25 + CD127 low Regulatory T Cell (Treg) Development and Function Are Disturbed in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: Recovery of Memory Treg Homeostasis during Disease Progression

(2014) Koen Venken et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

CCL3 Production by Microglial Cells Modulates Disease Severity in Murine Models of Retinal Degeneration

(2014) H. Kohno et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

GM-CSF-Responsive Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Are Pivotal in Th17 Pathogenesis

(2014) H.-J. Ko et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Comparison of microglia and infiltrating CD11c+ cells as antigen presenting cells for T cell proliferation and cytokine response

(2014) Agnieszka Wlodarczyk et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

T-cell-mediated regulation of neuroinflammation involved in neurodegenerative diseases

(2014) Hugo González et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Mechanisms of neurodegeneration and axonal dysfunction in multiple sclerosis

(2014) Manuel A. Friese et al.   Nature Reviews Neurology

Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor Signaling Is Necessary for Microglia Viability, Unmasking a Microglia Progenitor Cell in the Adult Brain

(2014) Monica R.P. Elmore et al.   NEURON

Human Astrocytes: Secretome Profiles of Cytokines and Chemokines

(2014) Sung S. Choi et al.   PLoS One

An MHC II-Dependent Activation Loop between Adipose Tissue Macrophages and CD4+ T Cells Controls Obesity-Induced Inflammation

(2014) Kae Won Cho et al.   Cell Reports

Discrepancy in CCL2 and CCR2 expression in white versus grey matter hippocampal lesions of Multiple Sclerosis patients

(2014) Marloes Prins et al.   Acta Neuropathologica Communications

Microglia Promote Learning-Dependent Synapse Formation through Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor

(2013) Christopher N. Parkhurst et al.   CELL

Intestinal monocytes and macrophages are required for T cell polarization in response toCitrobacter rodentium

(2013) Heidi A. Schreiber et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

The Interdependent, Overlapping, and Differential Roles of Type I and II IFNs in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

(2013) R. Naves et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

The Kinetics of Myelin Antigen Uptake by Myeloid Cells in the Central Nervous System during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

(2013) R. A. Sosa et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Microglial Activation Milieu Controls Regulatory T Cell Responses

(2013) F. Ebner et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Lactadherin/MFG-E8 is essential for microglia-mediated neuronal loss and phagoptosis induced by amyloid β

(2013) Urte Neniskyte et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY

Cytokine profile in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients and the association between progression and activity of the disease

(2013) ANA PAULA KALLAUR et al.   Molecular Medicine Reports

MHC class I–restricted myelin epitopes are cross-presented by Tip-DCs that promote determinant spreading to CD8+ T cells

(2013) Qingyong Ji et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

Layer V cortical neurons require microglial support for survival during postnatal development

(2013) Masaki Ueno et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

The spectrum of MOG autoantibody-associated demyelinating diseases

(2013) Markus Reindl et al.   Nature Reviews Neurology

Minocycline selectively inhibits M1 polarization of microglia

(2013) K Kobayashi et al.   Cell Death & Disease

Deletion of Beta-2-Microglobulin Ameliorates Spinal Cord Lesion Load and Promotes Recovery of Brainstem NAA Levels in a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis

(2012) Aleksandar Denic et al.   BRAIN PATHOLOGY

Fate Mapping Reveals Origins and Dynamics of Monocytes and Tissue Macrophages under Homeostasis

(2012) Simon Yona et al.   IMMUNITY

IL-17A secretion by CD8+ T cells supports Th17-mediated autoimmune encephalomyelitis

(2012) Magdalena Huber et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

IL-34 is a tissue-restricted ligand of CSF1R required for the development of Langerhans cells and microglia

(2012) Yaming Wang et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

Animal models of multiple sclerosis: the good, the bad and the bottom line

(2012) Richard M Ransohoff   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

Microglia Sculpt Postnatal Neural Circuits in an Activity and Complement-Dependent Manner

(2012) Dorothy P. Schafer et al.   NEURON

Microglial repopulation model reveals a robust homeostatic process for replacing CNS myeloid cells

(2012) N. H. Varvel et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Stimulation of Adult Oligodendrogenesis by Myelin-Specific T Cells

(2011) Helle Hvilsted Nielsen et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY

Dexamethasone inhibits the Nox-dependent ROS production via suppression of MKP-1-dependent MAPK pathways in activated microglia

(2011) Yingqian Huo et al.   BMC NEUROSCIENCE

Oxidative damage in multiple sclerosis lesions

(2011) L. Haider et al.   BRAIN

Role of CD8 T cell subsets in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

(2011) A. Saxena et al.   FEBS LETTERS

Decreased microglial activation in MS patients treated with glatiramer acetate

(2011) John N. Ratchford et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

Glutaminase Dysregulation in HIV-1-Infected Human Microglia Mediates Neurotoxicity: Relevant to HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders

(2011) Y. Huang et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

EMMPRIN: A Novel Regulator of Leukocyte Transmigration into the CNS in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

(2011) S. M. Agrawal et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

RORγt drives production of the cytokine GM-CSF in helper T cells, which is essential for the effector phase of autoimmune neuroinflammation

(2011) Laura Codarri et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

A reversible form of axon damage in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis

(2011) Ivana Nikić et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Infiltrating monocytes trigger EAE progression, but do not contribute to the resident microglia pool

(2011) Bahareh Ajami et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

Inflammatory Cortical Demyelination in Early Multiple Sclerosis

(2011) Claudia F. Lucchinetti et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Intracerebral Human Regulatory T Cells: Analysis of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T Cells in Brain Lesions and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Multiple Sclerosis Patients

(2011) Benedikt Fritzsching et al.   PLoS One

EAE: imperfect but useful models of multiple sclerosis

(2011) Bert A. ’t Hart et al.   TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE

Meningeal T cells associate with diffuse axonal loss in multiple sclerosis spinal cords

(2010) Géraldine Androdias et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Infiltration of Th1 and Th17 cells and activation of microglia in the CNS during the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

(2010) Áine C. Murphy et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

Dexamethasone prevents LPS-induced microglial activation and astroglial impairment in an experimental bacterial meningitis co-culture model

(2010) Daniel Hinkerohe et al.   BRAIN RESEARCH

In Vivo Imaging of Partially Reversible Th17 Cell-Induced Neuronal Dysfunction in the Course of Encephalomyelitis

(2010) Volker Siffrin et al.   IMMUNITY

Glatiramer Acetate Modulates TNF-α and IL-10 Secretion in Microglia and Promotes Their Phagocytic Activity

(2010) Refik Pul et al.   Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology

Dimethylfumarate inhibits microglial and astrocytic inflammation by suppressing the synthesis of nitric oxide, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in an in-vitro model of brain inflammation

(2010) Henrik Wilms et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fingolimod (FTY720): discovery and development of an oral drug to treat multiple sclerosis

(2010) Volker Brinkmann et al.   NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY

Microglia in neurodegenerative disease

(2010) V. Hugh Perry et al.   Nature Reviews Neurology

Fate Mapping Analysis Reveals That Adult Microglia Derive from Primitive Macrophages

(2010) F. Ginhoux et al.   SCIENCE

Substantial early, but nonprogressive neuronal loss in multiple sclerosis (ms) spinal cord

(2009) Lucas Schirmer et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Circulating Ly-6C+ myeloid precursors migrate to the CNS and play a pathogenic role during autoimmune demyelinating disease

(2009) I. L. King et al.   BLOOD

Differential immune cell dynamics in the CNS cause CD4+ T cell compartmentalization

(2009) Volker Siffrin et al.   BRAIN

CCR2+Ly-6Chi monocytes are crucial for the effector phase of autoimmunity in the central nervous system

(2009) Alexander Mildner et al.   BRAIN

CD4-Positive T Lymphocytes Provide a Neuroimmunological Link in the Control of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis

(2009) S. A. Wolf et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Effector T cell interactions with meningeal vascular structures in nascent autoimmune CNS lesions

(2009) Ingo Bartholomäus et al.   NATURE

C-C chemokine receptor 6–regulated entry of TH-17 cells into the CNS through the choroid plexus is required for the initiation of EAE

(2009) Andrea Reboldi et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

IL-1 acts directly on CD4 T cells to enhance their antigen-driven expansion and differentiation

(2009) S. Z. Ben-Sasson et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

ATP and NO dually control migration of microglia to nerve lesions

(2008) Yuanli Duan et al.   Developmental Neurobiology

Engagement of the Type I Interferon Receptor on Dendritic Cells Inhibits T Helper 17 Cell Development: Role of Intracellular Osteopontin

(2008) Mari L. Shinohara et al.   IMMUNITY

Activation of P2X7receptors induces CCL3 production in microglial cells through transcription factor NFAT

(2008) Ayako Kataoka et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY