Article
Clinical Neurology
Steven M. Levine
Summary: Chlorosis in azaleas is a result of iron deficiency, which is caused by unfavorable conditions rather than lack of iron. Similarities were found between the causes and effects of chlorosis and a hypothesis explaining iron deficiency in Alzheimer’s disease. The hypothesis suggests that iron becomes sequestered and disrupts biochemical processes, leading to neurodegeneration. This article reviews evidence supporting the hypothesis and discusses the similarities between iron deficiency in Alzheimer’s disease and chlorosis in plants. A model for the generation of functional iron deficiency in Alzheimer’s disease is proposed.
Review
Virology
Mai Tram Vo, Young Bong Choi
Summary: Selective autophagy is a key mechanism for the degradation of specific subcellular organelles and materials, as well as a defense mechanism against invading pathogens such as viruses. However, viruses have evolved strategies to counteract host antiviral defenses and manipulate selective autophagy for their successful infection. This review focuses on the regulation of selective autophagy by human herpesviruses.
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Julian M. Carosi, Timothy J. Sargeant
Summary: The potential use of rapamycin for treating Alzheimer's disease has been studied, suggesting promise for early prevention but limited effectiveness in resolving existing pathology. The impact of lysosomal degradative capacity on rapamycin's effectiveness in Alzheimer's treatment needs further investigation.
Review
Cell Biology
Xiaoyu Tian, Junlin Teng, Jianguo Chen
Summary: Macroautophagy/autophagy is a cellular mechanism for the degradation of cellular contents, with the final step being the fusion of autophagosome with the lysosome mediated by SNARE proteins. In addition to regulating autophagosome-lysosome fusion, some SNAREs are also involved in other autophagic processes, controlling fusion process spatially and temporally.
Review
Cell Biology
Mingyue Chen, Yashuang Dai, Siyu Liu, Yuxin Fan, Zongxian Ding, Dan Li
Summary: Autophagy is critical for cellular survival and homeostasis, dysregulation of which is associated with various diseases. TFEB is a key transcription factor that regulates autophagy and lysosomes, and its modulation is seen as a promising strategy for improving diseases linked to autophagy dysfunction.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alaa Abou Daher, Sahar Alkhansa, William S. Azar, Rim Rafeh, Hilda E. Ghadieh, Assaad A. Eid
Summary: Understanding the mechanisms behind diabetic nephropathy (DN) is crucial for developing effective treatments. The mTOR pathway has been identified as a key player in diabetes-induced kidney injury, through its involvement in insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and autophagy regulation.
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Margarita-Elena Papandreou, Nektarios Tavernarakis
Summary: Progressive accumulation of damaged cellular constituents contributes to age-related diseases. Autophagy is the main catabolic process, which recycles cellular material in a multitude of tissues and organs. Autophagy is activated upon various stimuli and involves precise interactions between receptors or adaptors and substrates to maintain specificity and accuracy. Polymorphisms in genes regulating selective autophagy have been linked to aging and age-associated disorders, suggesting potential therapeutic interventions to alleviate cellular autophagic cargo burden and associated pathologies.
Review
Cell Biology
Nerea Deleyto-Seldas, Alejo Efeyan
Summary: mTOR is a master regulator of cellular metabolism, existing in two distinct complexes. mTORC1 plays a key role in cell growth and biomass establishment, while mTORC2 is closely related to mTORC1. mTOR inhibits autophagy through multiple mechanisms, including the inhibition of early autophagic processes and the control of lysosomal degradative capacity.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Titanilla Danko, Gabor Petovari, Daniel Sztankovics, Dorottya Moldvai, Regina Raffay, Peter Lorincz, Tamas Visnovitz, Viktoria Zsiros, Gabor Barna, Agnes Mark, Ildiko Krencz, Anna Sebestyen
Summary: Metabolic alteration is characteristic in tumour growth and therapy, and targeting metabolic rewiring could overcome therapy resistance. mTOR hyperactivity, autophagy, and mitochondrial functions are potential targets in breast cancer progression. The combination treatment of rapamycin + doxycycline inhibited tumour proliferation and induced alterations in autophagy- and mitochondria-related protein levels.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Fan Lin, Yunqi Liu, Lili Tang, Xiaohui Xu, Xueli Zhang, Yifan Song, Bicheng Chen, Yeping Ren, Xiangdong Yang
Summary: The study demonstrated that rapamycin protects against aristolochic acid-induced nephropathy by activating the mTOR-autophagy axis. This finding provides evidence for rapamycin as a promising pharmacological target for the treatment of aristolochic acid nephropathy.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Andrea Perez-Iturralde, Beatriz Carte, Rafael Aldabe
Summary: The study found that mTOR inhibitors have complex effects on AAV hepatic transduction efficiency, with rapamycin enhancing AAV transduction while RapaLink-1 and MLN0128 do not. This indicates that mTOR inhibition is not a straightforward strategy for improving AAV transduction, and more research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms involved in their effects.
HUMAN GENE THERAPY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giuseppe Sirago, Anna Picca, Riccardo Calvani, Helio Jose Coelho-Junior, Emanuele Marzetti
Summary: This article provides an overview of mTOR signaling in skeletal muscle, with a specific focus on its role in the development of sarcopenia. Various intervention strategies targeting mTOR in sarcopenia are also discussed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Guimin Zheng, Lei Wang, Xiuqin Li, Xiaoli Niu, Guodong Xu, Peiyuan Lv
Summary: The study demonstrated that rapamycin can improve cognitive impairment in vascular dementia rats, alleviate neuronal injury, and mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction. Its mechanism of action may involve inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and enhancing mitophagy through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. These findings offer a promising possibility for a novel treatment strategy for vascular dementia.
Article
Cell Biology
Hiroshi Takemori, Kenichi Koga, Kyoka Kawaguchi, Saho Furukawa, Seiya Ito, Jun Imaishi, Miyu Watanabe, Miwa Maeda, Momoka Mizoguchi, Kentaro Oh-Hashi, Yoko Hirata, Kyoji Furuta
Summary: The fluorescence properties of 7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD) and its localization in lysosomes by GIF2114 and GIF2115 are reported. The study shows that the NBD fluorescence of GIF2259 is quenched in aqueous buffer, but recovered when localized in lysosomes. This localization and fluorescence relationship is related to lysosomal metabolism and mitophagy.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chayodom Maneechote, Thawatchai Khuanjing, Benjamin Ongnok, Apiwan Arinno, Nanthip Prathumsap, Titikorn Chunchai, Busarin Arunsak, Wichwara Nawara, Siriporn C. Chattipakorn, Nipon Chattipakorn
Summary: The study reveals that modulating mitochondrial dynamics can protect the heart from doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Inhibiting mitochondrial fission or promoting fusion can alleviate the deterioration of mitochondrial function and dynamic regulation caused by doxorubicin, and mitigate oxidative stress, inflammation, myocardial injury, apoptosis, autophagy, and mitochondrial respiration.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Peng Xia, Haitao Yuan, Ming Tian, Tianyu Zhong, Rui Hou, Xiaolong Xu, Jingbo Ma, Huifang Wang, Zhifen Li, Defa Huang, Chengming Qu, Lingyun Dai, Chengchao Xu, Chuanbin Yang, Haibo Jiang, Yuanqiao He, Felix Rueckert, Zhijie Li, Yufeng Yuan, Jigang Wang
Summary: In this study, a delivery system was designed using EVs derived from HEK-293 cells modified with nanobodies against CDH17 and loaded with ICG and/or RRx-001. The engineered EVs showed efficient tumor imaging and significant anti-tumor photothermal therapeutic (PTT) effect in a CDH17-positive GC model. Furthermore, dual loading of ICG/RRx-001 in engineered EVs exhibited maximal anti-tumor efficacy in both cancer cell and patient-derived GC models after single injection.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chong Qiu, Yanyan Wu, Qiaoli Shi, Qiuyan Guo, Junzhe Zhang, Yuqing Meng, Chen Wang, Fei Xia, Jigang Wang, Chengchao Xu
Summary: Cancer is a complex malignant consequence of genetic mutations that control cellular processes, making tumor treatment extremely challenging. Various cargo molecules, including nucleic acids drugs, therapeutic drugs and imaging agents, have shown potential in clinical applications. However, the heterogeneity of tumors and drug resistance limit the effectiveness of single therapeutic drugs, leading to the adoption of nanotechnology-based combined therapy for enhanced anticancer effects. This review discusses the current advanced development in co-delivering small-molecular drugs and nucleic acids for anticancer therapy with nanomedicine-based combination, highlighting the superiority and addressing the barriers to overcome clinical challenges. Future perspectives in rational direction for combined tumor therapy of drugs and nucleic acids are also presented.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Huan Tang, Tong Yang, Lin Chen, Ying Zhang, Yinhua Zhu, Chen Wang, Dandan Liu, Qiuyan Guo, Guangqing Cheng, Fei Xia, Tianyu Zhong, Jigang Wang
Summary: Graphene-related nanomaterials (GRMs), as a novel functional material, have great potential in industrial and biomedical applications. However, there are safety concerns regarding their biological fates and toxicological effects. This study systematically investigated the effects of different surface functionalized graphene on the enzymatic activity of digestive enzymes. The results revealed that the activity of trypsin and a-pancreatic amylase could be significantly altered by GRMs depending on their surface chemistry. The mechanisms behind these effects were also elucidated.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Pengchen Chen, Yali Song, Li Tang, Wenbin Zhong, JingJing Zhang, Min Cao, Junhui Chen, Guangqing Cheng, Huiying Li, Tianyun Fan, Hang Fai Kwok, Jigang Wang, Chuanbin Yang, Wei Xiao
Summary: The antiseptic substance tributyltin chloride (TBTCL) can induce cell death and cell cycle arrest in Leydig cells by affecting endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy. Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress can alleviate TBTCL-induced autophagy inhibition, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest, while activation of autophagy can mitigate TBTCL-induced cellular damage. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms of TBTCL-induced testis toxicity.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Xin Li, Xin Chai, Hai-Ning Lyu, Chunjin Fu, Huan Tang, Qiaoli Shi, Jigang Wang, Chengchao Xu
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wei Zhang, Siyu Xia, Wei Xiao, Yali Song, Li Tang, Min Cao, Jing Yang, Shuang Wang, Zhijie Li, Chengchao Xu, Jianqiao Liu, Shanchao Zhao, Chuanbin Yang, Jigang Wang
Summary: This study focuses on the reproductive issues of advanced paternal age and analyzes the molecular and cellular changes associated with aging in the testes of mice. The study discovers various aging-related biological processes and identifies an increased subtype of aging-specific macrophages that contribute to a proinflammatory environment during testicular aging.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Zexuan Hong, Jun Cao, Dandan Liu, Maozhu Liu, Mengyuan Chen, Fanning Zeng, Zaisheng Qin, Jigang Wang, Tao Tao
Summary: Stroke is a major cause of death, with oxidative stress playing a key role. Celastrol has strong antioxidant properties, but its effect on oxidative reactions in cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of celastrol on oxidative damage during CIRI and the underlying mechanisms. The findings revealed that celastrol reduced oxidative injury in CIRI by upregulating Nrf2. Celastrol directly bound to Nedd4, releasing Nrf2 in astrocytes, thus inhibiting Nrf2 degradation and reducing astrocytic ROS production. Celastrol also rescued neurons from damage and apoptosis by inhibiting oxidative stress and astrocyte activation.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xue-ling He, Jia-yun Chen, Yu-lin Feng, Ping Song, Yin Kwan Wong, Lu-lin Xie, Chen Wang, Qian Zhang, Yun-meng Bai, Peng Gao, Piao Luo, Qiang Liu, Fu-long Liao, Zhi-jie Li, Yong Jiang, Ji-gang Wang
Summary: Liver plays a crucial role in immune defense and detoxification, but is susceptible to injury during sepsis. Artesunate (ART), an anti-malaria agent, has diverse pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory, immune-regulation, and liver protection. This study investigated the cellular responses in liver during sepsis and the hepatoprotective mechanisms of ART. Single-cell RNA transcriptome sequencing revealed that sepsis caused a reduction in hepatic endothelial cells and induced liver inflammatory responses through recruitment of macrophages. ART treatment improved survival, mitigated liver injury, inflammation, and dysfunction in septic mice. These findings provide fundamental evidence for the liver protective efficacy of ART against sepsis infection.
ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yunmeng Bai, Zhuhe Liu, Tinglin Qian, Yu Peng, Huan Ma, Hong Hu, Guangqing Cheng, Haixia Wen, Lulin Xie, Dong Zheng, Qingshan Geng, Jigang Wang, Honghao Wang
Summary: This study used mouse models and single-nucleus RNA sequencing to investigate the impact of anti-NMDAR encephalitis on gene expression in hippocampal neurons. Significant changes were observed in excitatory neurons in the dentate gyrus, including genes related to ATP metabolism and biosynthetic regulation. These findings suggest potential targets for further research on the pathological process of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Pengchen Chen, Junhui Chen, Wei Zhang, Li Tang, Guangqing Cheng, Huiying Li, Tianyun Fan, Jigang Wang, Wenbin Zhong, Yali Song
Summary: In this study, using Sertoli cells as a model, it was found that 200 nM TBTCL exposure for 24 hours caused apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. RNA sequencing analysis indicated that TBTCL probably activates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and disrupts autophagy. Biochemical analysis confirmed that TBTCL indeed induces ER stress and dysregulation of autophagy. The activation of ER stress and inhibition of autophagy are responsible for TBTCL-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Mengyun Hou, Jingnan Huang, Tianyuan Jia, Yudong Guan, Fan Yang, Hongchao Zhou, Piying Huang, Jigang Wang, Liang Yang, Lingyun Dai
Summary: In this study, the abundance dynamics of proteins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa reference strain PAO1 were analyzed using data-independent acquisition-based quantitative proteomics. The differentially expressed proteins during planktonic growth exhibited diverse expression patterns relevant to various biological processes, highlighting the continuous adaptation of the PAO1 proteome. By comparing protein expressions in biofilm and planktonic cells, the roles of known factors in biofilm formation were confirmed and new functional proteins were discovered. This study provides a valuable resource for understanding the proteomic dynamics of P. aeruginosa and advancing our knowledge of its physiology.
JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhenwei Su, Shaowei Dong, Yao Chen, Tuxiong Huang, Bo Qin, Qinhe Yang, Xingyu Jiang, Chang Zou
Summary: A microfluidics-enabled nanovesicle is developed to deliver CD47/PD-L1 antibodies for tumor-acidity-activated immunotherapy. In mice experiments, the nanovesicle shows improved tumor accumulation of CD47/PD-L1 antibodies and promotes antitumoral remodeling of tumor-associated macrophages, infiltration of dendritic cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, resulting in a more favorable treatment effect compared to free antibodies. The nanovesicle also exhibits reduced immune-related adverse events.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Haitao Yuan, Xiaoping Hong, Huan Ma, Chunjin Fu, Yudong Guan, Wei Huang, Jingbo Ma, Peng Xia, Min Cao, Liuhai Zheng, Xiaolong Xu, Chengchao Xu, Dongzhou Liu, Zhijie Li, Qingshan Geng, Jigang Wang
Summary: Bacterial infections are common and challenging for diabetic wounds. Nanozymes have the potential to treat bacterial infections, but their low catalytic activity limits their effectiveness. Therefore, it is important to develop novel antibacterial modalities with multiple mechanisms of action.
ACS MATERIALS LETTERS
(2023)
Letter
Oncology
Jingjing Zhang, Fengting Liu, Yaran Suo, Dudu Tong, Jinyu Hu, Hai-Ning Lyu, Jingjing Liao, Jiaqi Wang, Jigang Wang, Chengchao Xu
CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yun-Meng Bai, Fan Yang, Piao Luo, Lu-Lin Xie, Jun-Hui Chen, Yu-Dong Guan, Hong-Chao Zhou, Teng-Fei Xu, Hui-Wen Hao, Bing Chen, Jia-Hui Zhao, Cai-Ling Liang, Ling-Yun Dai, Qing-Shan Geng, Ji-Gang Wang
Summary: This study aimed to clarify the cellular and molecular mechanisms of hepatotoxicity effect induced by triclosan. The results showed that triclosan promoted liver fibrosis and affected various cell types such as hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, endothelial cells, plasma cells, and macrophages, contributing to the progression of liver fibrosis.
MILITARY MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2023)