Review
Food Science & Technology
William T. Festuccia
Summary: Evidence suggests that lipotoxicity and inflammation are key factors linking adipose tissue dysfunction to metabolic diseases, with mTOR playing a crucial role in regulating adipocyte and macrophage function. Studies reviewed here show that optimal levels of mTORC1 activity are necessary for lipogenic actions in adipocytes, while mTORC1 also regulates polarization in macrophages. On the other hand, mTORC2 promotes glucose uptake and lipogenesis in adipocytes while dampening macrophage inflammatory response.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jose E. Galgani, Rodrigo Fernandez-Verdejo
Summary: Glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids are oxidized to produce ATP for energy, and the complex adaptive systems in the body adjust fuel oxidation rates based on fuel availability. Metabolic flexibility refers to the ability of cells, tissues, or organisms to adapt fuel oxidation to fuel availability, which can be impaired in conditions like insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesity. Mitochondrial dysfunction in these conditions has been linked to metabolic inflexibility and overall metabolic health.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Erfei Song, Daniel Da Eira, Shailee Jani, Diane Sepa-Kishi, Vivian Vu, Howard Hunter, Mi Lai, Michael B. Wheeler, Rolando B. Ceddia, Gary Sweeney
Summary: The study showed that cardiomyocyte-specific autophagy deficiency in mice resulted in metabolic dysfunction, including increased body weight, reduced insulin sensitivity, and altered ambulatory activity. This deficiency also affected myocardial-adipose cross talk by decreasing atrial natriuretic peptide levels, leading to adverse metabolic consequences. Restoring normal ANP levels corrected the metabolic dysfunction in autophagy-deficient mice.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Silvia Cadenas-De Miguel, Giulia Lucianer, Ilaria Elia
Summary: The metabolic interaction between cancer cells and T cells plays a crucial role in cancer formation and progression. Cancer cells possess metabolic plasticity and adapt their metabolism to meet their specific needs. However, the nutrient-deprived tumor microenvironment forces these cells to compete for limited resources. The hyperactive metabolism of tumor cells often suppresses the immune response while promoting tumor-promoting T cells, leading to uncontrolled cancer growth. Identification of metabolic pathways that shift the immune phenotype from pro-tumorigenic to anti-tumorigenic is essential for enhancing anti-tumor immunity.
TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Kung-Chi Kao, Alison Jaccard, Ping-Chih Ho
Summary: Hu and colleagues demonstrate that the combination of IFN alpha administration and anti-PD-1 therapy can enhance the antitumor response of CD8(+) T-cells in hepatocellular carcinoma, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Biplab K. Maiti
Summary: Sulfite is a toxic substance widely used in food, beverages, and pharmaceuticals as a preservative and antioxidant. In the body, sulfite is metabolized to sulfite radicals, sulfide, and sulfate through various enzymatic reactions, which play important roles in human health.
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Inge Oudaert, Arne Van der Vreken, Anke Maes, Elke De Bruyne, Kim De Veirman, Karin Vanderkerken, Eline Menu
Summary: This article discusses the metabolic adaptations of Multiple Myeloma (MM) cells in a hypoxic environment and how targeted treatments can block tumor progression.
EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jorge Garcia-Martinez, Inigo M. Perez-Castillo, Rafael Salto, Jose M. Lopez-Pedrosa, Ricardo Rueda, Maria D. Giron
Summary: This article discusses the health benefits attributed to milk exosomes, which may exert important beneficial effects at multiple levels, including intestinal health, bone and muscle metabolism, immunity, modulation of the microbiota, growth, and development.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shengbo Wu, Jianjun Qiao, Aidong Yang, Chunjiang Liu
Summary: This study mathematically models cocultivation of bacteria with quantum sensing (QS) regulation and finds that cocultivation with QS-based regulation can achieve superior performance. Furthermore, certain combinations of QS devices with crosstalk outperform natural QS devices, highlighting the potential value of QS devices with crosstalk in future system design.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ferran Comas, Jose Maria Moreno-Navarrete
Summary: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as a new signaling molecule, playing extensive physiological and pathophysiological roles in human disorders by targeting proteins, enzymes, and transcription factors through post-translational modification known as persulfidation. This review article critically examines the current literature on the role of H2S in obesity-related metabolic disturbances, particularly its mechanisms of action.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ramya S. Kuna, Avi Kumar, Karl A. Wessendorf-Rodriguez, Hector Galvez, Courtney R. Green, Grace H. McGregor, Thekla Cordes, Reuben J. Shaw, Robert U. Svensson, Christian M. Metallo
Summary: Proliferating cells depend on acetyl-CoA for membrane biogenesis and acetylation. Different pathways are available for supplying acetyl-CoA, and understanding how cells maintain acetyl-CoA homeostasis under nutrient stresses is crucial. Using isotope tracing and knockout studies, researchers found that in ACLY-deficient cells, peroxisomal oxidation of exogenous lipids is a major source of acetyl-CoA for lipogenesis and histone acetylation, highlighting the role of inter-organelle crosstalk in cell survival.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andressa Reginato, Alana Carolina Costa Veras, Mayara da Nobrega Baqueiro, Carolina Panzarin, Beatriz Piatezzi Siqueira, Marciane Milanski, Patricia Cristina Lisboa, Adriana Souza Torsoni
Summary: This review explores the relationship between sphingolipids and hypothalamic dysfunction in response to obesity, particularly the impact of ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate on energy balance control in the hypothalamus. It suggests that manipulation of sphingolipid levels could potentially be useful in treating obesity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo, Ana Karina Aranda-Rivera, Horacio Osorio-Alonso, Elena Martinez-Klimova, Laura Gabriela Sanchez-Lozada, Jose Pedraza-Chaverri, Edilia Tapia
Summary: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a rapidly increasing global health problem, with metabolic reprogramming and changes in redox signaling playing crucial roles in its development. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a significant role in the spread of renal injury in CKD and are involved in redox signaling and metabolic reprogramming. Understanding the role of EVs and their cargos in CKD can help prevent its progression.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Dan Wu, Huiying Wang, Lijun Xie, Fang Hu
Summary: The increase in obesity and associated diseases is a major global health problem. The gut microbiota plays a significant role in maintaining energy balance and host immunity. Understanding the relationship between gut microbiota and adipose tissues may provide potential intervention strategies for treating obesity and associated diseases.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paige V. Hinton, Katelyn J. Genoud, James O. Early, Fergal J. O'Brien, Oran D. Kennedy
Summary: Bone cells, including osteoblasts and chondrocytes, communicate with each other through interstitial fluid movement and fluid flow shear stresses. This study developed an in vitro bone-cartilage crosstalk system to examine the effect of fluid flow shear stresses on these cell types. The findings show that primary cells exhibit a more reliable and reproducible response to shear stresses, and different levels of shear stresses have varying effects on bone formation and degradation. Additionally, osteoblast-derived factors can induce catabolic changes in chondrocytes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Stacey N. Keenan, Matthew J. Watt, Magdalene K. Montgomery
CURRENT DIABETES REPORTS
(2020)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mercedes Davalos-Salas, John M. Mariadason, Matthew J. Watt, Magdalene K. Montgomery
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Cell Biology
Magdalene K. Montgomery, Jacqueline Bayliss, Camille Devereux, Ayenachew Bezawork-Geleta, David Roberts, Cheng Huang, Ralf B. Schittenhelm, Andrew Ryan, Scott L. Townley, Luke A. Selth, Trevor J. Biden, Gregory R. Steinberg, Dorit Samocha-Bonet, Ruth C. R. Meex, Matthew J. Watt
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stacey N. Keenan, William De Nardo, Jieqiong Lou, Ralf B. Schittenhelm, Magdalene K. Montgomery, James G. Granneman, Elizabeth Hinde, Matthew J. Watt
Summary: PLIN5 is a lipid-droplet associated protein that regulates lipid metabolism through PKA phosphorylation, with phosphorylation at S155 playing a crucial role in lipid metabolism and interactions with lipases at the lipid droplet. This study highlights the importance of PLIN5 S155 in PKA-mediated lipolysis and its impact on lipid metabolism and glycemic control.
JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jacqueline Bayliss, Geraldine J. Ooi, William De Nardo, Yazmin Johari Halim Shah, Magdalene K. Montgomery, Catriona McLean, William Kemp, Stuart K. Roberts, Wendy A. Brown, Paul R. Burton, Matthew J. Watt
Summary: The study found that plasma EDA is increased in NAFL and NASH, is related to worsening steatosis and fibrosis, but is not a reliable biomarker for NASH. Additionally, circulating EDA is not associated with insulin resistance in human obesity.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Magdalene K. Montgomery, Jacqueline Bayliss, Shuai Nie, William De Nardo, Stacey N. Keenan, Paula M. Miotto, Hamzeh Karimkhanloo, Cheng Huang, Ralf B. Schittenhelm, Anthony S. Don, Andrew Ryan, Nicholas A. Williamson, Geraldine J. Ooi, Wendy A. Brown, Paul R. Burton, Benjamin L. Parker, Matthew J. Watt
Summary: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and type 2 diabetes are closely linked, and this study identifies arylsulfatase A (ARSA) as a regulator that improves muscle insulin sensitivity and systemic glucose control by inhibiting liver secretion of lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidic acid.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
William De Nardo, Paula M. Miotto, Jacqueline Bayliss, Shuai Nie, Stacey N. Keenan, Magdalene K. Montgomery, Matthew J. Watt
Summary: Regular exercise training can remodel hepatocyte proteome and alter metabolism in the liver and skeletal muscle. Syndecan-4 (SDC4), an exercise-responsive hepatokine, has been identified to reduce fatty acid uptake and alleviate steatosis in the liver. The findings suggest that exercise-induced changes in hepatokine secretion may hold therapeutic potential for treating NAFLD.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Camille J. Devereux, Jacqueline Bayliss, Stacey N. Keenan, Magdalene K. Montgomery, Matthew J. Watt
Summary: The dysregulation of hepatic lipid metabolism is a characteristic feature of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In this study, dual inhibition of the de novo lipogenesis enzyme, ACC, and the hepatic deletion of the fatty acid transporter, CD36, was found to be ineffective for the treatment of NAFLD in mice.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Magdalene K. Montgomery, Jacqueline Bayliss, Shuai Nie, William de Nardo, Stacey N. Keenan, Marziyeh Anari, Amanuiel Z. Taddese, Nicholas A. Williamson, Geraldine J. Ooi, Wendy A. Brown, Paul R. Burton, Paul Gregorevic, Craig A. Goodman, Kevin I. Watt, Matthew J. Watt
Summary: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and impaired glycemic control are closely linked. Hexosaminidase A (HEXA) is identified as an NAFLD-induced hepatokine that improves blood glucose control by increasing skeletal muscle glucose uptake. HEXA remodels muscle lipid raft ganglioside composition, thus increasing IGF-1 signaling and GLUT4 localization to the cell surface. This study identifies a pathway for intertissue communication between liver and skeletal muscle in the regulation of systemic glycemic control.
Article
Oncology
Gio Fidelito, David P. De Souza, Birunthi Niranjan, William De Nardo, Shivakumar Keerthikumar, Kristin Brown, Renea A. Taylor, Matthew J. Watt
Summary: Cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to meet increased bioenergetic demands. Glucose, glutamine, and fatty acid oxidation were upregulated in malignant PDXs compared with benign PDXs. Fatty acid uptake and oxidation are targetable metabolic dependencies in human prostate cancer.
MOLECULAR CANCER RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Magdalene K. Montgomery, William De Nardo, Matthew J. Watt
Summary: This study examines the effects of exercise training on protein secretion from fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle as well as visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese mice. Although exercise training leads to substantial remodeling of protein secretion from fast-twitch muscle, adipose tissue is completely refractory to exercise regulation.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Marziyeh Anari, Magdalene K. Montgomery
Summary: Mammalian cells contain a wide variety of glycerophospholipid species, with phosphatidylserine (PS) playing a crucial role in various physiological processes. PS is involved in apoptosis, blood clotting, cancer pathogenesis, and muscle and brain function. Recent studies have focused on the role of hepatic PS in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver cancer progression. This review provides a comprehensive overview of hepatic phospholipid metabolism and delves into the metabolism of PS in advanced liver disease.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jie Lu, Li Dong, Magdalene K. Montgomery
Summary: Fasting induces physiological changes in peripheral tissues, such as the liver, by suppressing the expression and activity of SREBP-1 to conserve glucose for maintaining blood glucose levels. Yoshinori Takeuchi and colleagues provide insights into the regulatory mechanism of SREBP-1 expression during fasting, highlighting the importance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and glucocorticoid-induced binding of the glucocorticoid receptor to enhancer regions of the KLF15 gene.
