Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Changping Zhang, Maoliang Wei, Jun Zheng, Shujun Liu, Hongyuan Cao, Yishu Huang, Ying Tan, Ming Zhang, Yiwei Xie, Zejie Yu, Junying Li, Hui Ye, Lan Li, Hongtao Lin, Huan Li, Yaocheng Shi, Liu Liu, Daoxin Dai
Summary: This study demonstrates nonvolatile multilevel switching of silicon photonic devices with Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) using In2O3 transparent microheaters. By electro-thermally induced phase transitions, repeatable and reversible multilevel modulation of GST is achieved. The precise multilevel phase-change modulation is crucial for the development of nonvolatile reconfigurable switches and variable attenuation devices in large-scale programmable optoelectronic systems.
ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xing Yang, Liangjun Lu, Yu Li, Yue Wu, Ziquan Li, Jianping Chen, Linjie Zhou
Summary: Integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) with phase-change materials offer low power consumption and compact size for reconfigurable photonic processors. However, they suffer from low optical extinction ratio and limited switching cycles due to material loss and poor reversible repeatability. A non-volatile electrically reconfigurable MZI with a low-loss phase-change material (Sb2Se3) encapsulated in Al2O3 layers is demonstrated. By dividing the Sb2Se3 patch into small sub-cells to restrict material reflow, more than 10,000 reversible phase-change cycles and 6-bit multilevel switching states are achieved.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zhifang Luo, Aoxue Zhang, Weixiong Huang, Shuai Shao, Yushuai Liu, Tao Wu, Yi Zou
Summary: Silicon photonics with CMOS compatibility has made significant progress in the past decades and has been widely used in commercial products. To meet the demand for high-fidelity and high-speed optical interconnect, as well as high-resolution sensing and information processing, hybrid integration of existing materials with post-CMOS technology has become crucial. Aluminum nitride (AlN) is a popular piezoelectric material in the field of MEMS and has been studied and integrated into photonic integrated circuits (PICs) in recent years. This review article provides an overview of the properties and processing of AlN thin films, as well as the application of AlN piezoelectric MEMS transducer technologies. Photonic devices on hybrid Si-AlN and pure AlN thin film platforms are also discussed. The article concludes with an outlook on the future development of reconfigurable integrated photonics based on AlN thin films.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Ting Yu Teo, Nanxi Li, Landobasa Y. M. Tobing, Amy Sen Kay Tong, Doris Keh Ting Ng, Zhihao Ren, Chengkuo Lee, Lennon Yao Ting Lee, Robert E. Simpson
Summary: This study demonstrates the influence of (ZnS)(0.8-)(SiO2)(0.2) capping layers on the performance of Sb2S3 and Ag-doped Sb2S3 integrated photonic devices. At least 30 nm of capping material is necessary to protect the material from sulfur loss. The capping layer can be used to tune the PCM crystallization temperature and reduce device footprint.
Article
Optics
Tianwei Wu, Marco Menarini, Zihe Gao, Liang Feng
Summary: Using spatial light modulator-based lithography-free programmable light transmission, we demonstrate optical switching and a basic photonic neural network. Integrated photonics is crucial for handling increasing data traffic due to its high speed, large bandwidth, and unlimited parallelism. This lithography-free paradigm allows for dynamic control of spatial-temporal modulations of the imaginary index, enabling tailored optical-gain distributions for desired photonic functionality. The resulting programmability and multifunctionality can revolutionize integrated photonic signal processing and enhance information-processing speed.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zhuoran Fang, Rui Chen, Jiajiu Zheng, Arka Majumdar
Summary: The use of phase change materials in silicon photonics has been gaining attention due to their high refractive index contrast between two states, which can be reversibly switched and non-volatile. Progress has been made in developing photonic switches based on PCM for photonic integrated circuits, showing great potential for future applications in this field.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhuoran Fang, Jiajiu Zheng, Abhi Saxena, James Whitehead, Yueyang Chen, Arka Majumdar
Summary: This study experimentally demonstrated the strong optical phase modulation and low optical loss of Sb2S3 at wavelengths of 750 nm and 1550 nm, showcasing the thermal stability of the Sb2S3-Si hybrid platform and an electrically tunable Sb2S3 integrated non-volatile microring switch with a high-contrast transmission state over 30 dB.
ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Review
Optics
Jorge Parra, Irene Olivares, Antoine Brimont, Pablo Sanchis
Summary: The article discusses the current developments in achieving nonvolatile switching in silicon photonic waveguide devices, either through device engineering or hybrid integration with unique optical materials. Several approaches with high potential for evolving towards nonvolatile behavior with enhanced performance are being explored, although many development steps are still necessary to ensure reliable devices.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Md Ajwaad Zaman Quashef, Md Kawsar Alam
Summary: The inherently parallel and ultrafast nature of photonic circuits make them well-suited for content addressable memory (CAM) circuits, which can perform highly parallel computations with high throughput and low latency. This paper proposes a scalable photonic CAM architecture using silicon microring resonators embedded with phase change material patches, offering reconfigurable nonvolatile capabilities and reliable high-speed read operations in the presence of noise and nonidealities.
OPTICAL AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Heidar Keshavarz, S. Esmail Hosseini, Kambiz Jamshidi, Dirk Plettemeier
Summary: In this paper, an integrated microwave photonic reconfigurable mixer, phase shifter, and frequency doubler based on silicon photonics platform is proposed and theoretically investigated. The structure consists of a novel DDMZM and PM, and can be configured for various functions such as phase tunable mixing, double-balanced mixing, up-converting, down-converting, RF frequency doubling, and phase shifting by adjusting optical wavelength and choosing the proper RF hybrid coupler. The proposed structure is theoretically analyzed and verified through simulations.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zilan Tang, Shula Chen, Dong Li, Xiaoxia Wang, Anlian Pan
Summary: With the increasing demand for fast processing and large data capacity, traditional silicon-based technology is becoming saturated. New strategies, such as using two-dimensional (2D) materials, are being explored. This review focuses on the integration of 2D materials into silicon-based platforms for photonic applications, summarizing their optical properties and discussing the state-of-the-art devices and future challenges.
JOURNAL OF MATERIOMICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jianghong Wu, Maoliang Wei, Jianglong Mu, Hui Ma, Chuyu Zhong, Yuting Ye, Chunlei Sun, Bo Tang, Lichun Wang, Junying Li, Xiaomin Xu, Bilu Liu, Lan Li, Hongtao Lin
Summary: The study demonstrates the potential of Bi2O2Se in silicon photonic circuits, showing high-performance characteristics for photodetectors suitable for spectroscopy, sensing, and communication applications.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Dusan Gostimirovic, Richard Soref
Summary: In this work, we present a compact toolkit of inverse-designed, topologically optimized silicon photonic devices that can be arranged in a plug-and-play fashion to realize various photonic integrated circuits. The included devices, such as splitters, crossovers, and resonators, enable the circuits to achieve low insertion loss and low crosstalk. The use of inverse-design approach allows for more flexible design of individual devices, enhancing the overall circuit architecture and enabling low-complexity circuit design.
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Xuhan Guo, Xingchen Ji, Baicheng Yao, Teng Tan, Allen Chu, Ohad Westreich, Avik Dutt, Cheewei Wong, Yikai Su
Summary: Silicon photonics has succeeded in realizing compact and low-cost devices, but it is not suitable for some emerging applications. To solve this issue, introducing wideband materials through heterogeneous integration on silicon substrates is desirable. This article discusses the properties of different materials and provides examples of devices using these materials on silicon platform. They also introduce a general fabrication method and low-loss process treatment for photonic devices. The potential applications in sensing, optical comb generation, and quantum information processing are highlighted. The article concludes by discussing the potential of new materials and integration methods for future widespread applications.
Article
Optics
Taofiq K. Paraiso, Thomas Roger, Davide G. Marangon, Innocenzo De Marco, Mirko Sanzaro, Robert Woodward, James F. Dynes, Zhiliang Yuan, Andrew J. Shields
Summary: This study presents an independent quantum secure communication system based on photonic integrated circuits for quantum random number generation and quantum key distribution. Real-time error correction and privacy amplification are used to produce information-theoretic secure keys. These results represent a significant progress towards the realistic deployment of quantum communications based on quantum photonic chips.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Johannes E. Froch, Shane Colburn, Alan Zhan, Zheyi Han, Zhuoran Fang, Abhi Saxena, Luocheng Huang, Karl F. Bohringer, Arka Majumdar
Summary: An important challenge in contemporary photonics research is the miniaturization of optical components and devices for more compact and energy-efficient mobile platforms. Arrays of subwavelength scatterers, or meta-optics, provide a solution by shaping and manipulating transmitted optical wavefronts. This paper presents the concept of a computational spectrometer that utilizes a high-efficiency double helix meta-optic and computational back end to accurately reconstruct optical spectra.
Article
Optics
Anna Wirth-Singh, Johannes E. Froch, Zheyi Han, Luocheng Huang, Saswata Mukherjee, Zhihao Zhou, Zachary Coppens, Karl F. Bohringer, Arka Majumdar
Summary: A broad range of imaging and sensing technologies in the infrared require large field-of-view operation. Traditional refractive systems often employ multiple elements to compensate for aberrations, leading to excess size, weight, and cost. Meta-optics, which are significantly thinner and lighter than traditional refractive lenses, can dramatically reduce the size, weight, and cost of these imaging systems. In this paper, an all-silicon meta-optic with an entrance aperture and lens focal length of 1 cm is used to demonstrate 80 degrees FoV thermal imaging in the long-wavelength infrared regime (8-12 μm).
Article
Optics
Forrest Miller, Rui Chen, Johannes E. Froch, Hannah Rarick, Sarah Geiger, Arka Majumdar
Summary: Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) can greatly enhance the capabilities of optical information science and engineering. We propose using wide-bandgap non-volatile phase-change materials (PCMs) to create rewriteable PICs. A nanosecond pulsed laser can be used to write a PCM-based PIC without removing any material. The entire circuit can be erased by heating and a new circuit can be rewritten. Our proposed platform enables low-cost manufacturing and has significant implications for rapid prototyping of PICs, design validation, and photonic education.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rui Chen, Zhuoran Fang, Christopher Perez, Forrest Miller, Khushboo Kumari, Abhi Saxena, Jiajiu Zheng, Sarah J. Geiger, Kenneth E. Goodson, Arka Majumdar
Summary: A wide-bandgap PCM antimony sulfide (Sb2S3)-clad silicon photonic platform is reported, which achieves low loss, high extinction ratio, high cyclability, and 5-bit operation. The Sb2S3-based devices are programmed via on-chip silicon PIN diode heaters within sub-ms timescale, with controllable multilevel operations achieved by applying multiple identical pulses.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Christopher Munley, Arnab Manna, David Sharp, Minho Choi, Hao A. Nguyen, Brandi M. Cossairt, Mo Li, Arthur W. Barnard, Arka Majumdar
Summary: Engineering the dispersion of light in a metasurface enables control of the light-matter interaction, and we demonstrate a metasurface with a flat dispersion at visible wavelengths. By integrating cadmium selenide nanoplatelets, we measured coupled photoluminescence into the flatband. This enables potential applications in nonlinear image processing and topological photonics.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Saswata Mukherjee, Quentin A. A. Tanguy, Johannes E. Froch, Aamod Shanker, Karl F. Bohringer, Steven Brunton, Arka Majumdar
Summary: Ultrathin flat meta-optics have shown promise for holography, but most reported holograms only modulate phase and neglect amplitude. Complex phase modulation typically requires polarization-sensitive meta atoms or complex scatterers. This study demonstrates polarization-independent holography with both amplitude and phase modulation using dielectric meta-optics. The researchers also show that meta-optical holography can be achieved using partially incoherent light from an LED, reducing alignment complexity.
Article
Optics
Thomas Pertsch, Shumin Xiao, Arka Majumdar, Guixin LI
Summary: Optical metasurfaces are a crucial area of research worldwide due to their potential applications in imaging, wavefront engineering, nonlinear optics, and quantum information processing. The feature issue "Optical Metasurfaces: Fundamentals and Applications in Photonics Research" aims to publish and disseminate the latest works in optical metasurfaces among the photonics community.
PHOTONICS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Samuel Pinilla, Johannes E. Froch, Seyyed Reza Miri Rostami, Vladimir Katkovnik, Igor Shevkunov, Arka Majumdar, Karen Egiazarian
Summary: A HIL optics design methodology is used to overcome limitations in the design of miniature color cameras using flat meta-optics. The resulting camera achieves high-quality full-color imaging, outperforming a compound multi-lens optics of a mirrorless commercial camera.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Abhi Saxena, Arnab Manna, Rahul Trivedi, Arka Majumdar
Summary: Photonic coupled cavity arrays have the potential to be a scalable and high-temperature platform for simulating Hamiltonians, but programmability and nonlinearity of photonic cavities are still challenging. In this study, a programmable photonic cavity array made of silicon material is demonstrated, which can control the temperature of each cavity independently, implement tight-binding Hamiltonians in the telecom regime, and reduce the thermal crosstalk between neighboring sites.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Rui Chen, Virat Tara, Anna-wirth Singh, Abhi Saxena, Johannes E. Froch, Matthew S. Reynolds, Arka Majumdar
Summary: This opinion article proposes a novel system that combines energy-efficient modulators in photonic integrated circuits (PICs) with a meta-optical beam aggregator to overcome the challenges of increasing the space-bandwidth product. This hybrid approach can significantly improve the space-bandwidth product, theoretically reaching up to 1013 Hz center dot pixel, which is several orders of magnitude higher than the state-of-the-art.
OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Arka Majumdar, Johannes Froech, Chang-hua Liu, Hui Deng, Donguk Nam, Alexander Tartakovskii
Summary: This article is an introduction to the special issue on photonics with 2D materials.
OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhuoran Fang, Bassem Tossoun, Antoine Descos, Di Liang, Xue Huang, Geza Kurczveil, Arka Majumdar, Raymond G. Beausoleil
Summary: Silicon photonics has become increasingly important in data communication, and programmable silicon photonic integrated circuits now have a non-volatile phase shifter with significantly improved energy efficiency, speed, and endurance. This technology has potential applications in future energy-efficient programmable PICs, optical neural networks, and quantum information processing.
ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Arnab Manna, Johannes E. Froch, John Cenker, Sinabu Pumulo, Arthur W. Barnard, Jiun-Haw Chu, Xiaodong Xu, Arka Majumdar
Summary: Tunablenanophotonic resonators are crucial for material-integrated photonic systems and solid-state cavity quantumelectrodynamic experiments. Matching the cavity resonance with the material optical transition is important for enhancing light-matter interaction, which leads to various phenomena with implications in quantum optics and optoelectronics. However, precise control of the resonant wavelength of nanofabricated optical cavities is challenging, requiring postfabrication dynamical tuning, especially in cryogenic environments. In this study, we achieved large in situ strain tuning of an integrated monolayer WSe2-galliumphosphide cavity device. We successfully tuned an on-substrate cavity with a quality (Q)-factor of approximately 3500 at around 780nm by approximately 5nm without any degradation of the Q-factor at cryogenic temperature. The tunable cavity modes were observed as cavity-enhanced monolayer exciton photoluminescence.
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Zhuoran Fang, Rui Chen, Bassem Tossoun, Stanley Cheung, Di Liang, Arka Majumdar
Summary: Programmable photonics, using non-volatile materials, have become increasingly important in various applications. This review discusses the recent progress and potential applications of non-volatile materials in programmable photonics, serving as a reference for future research directions.
Article
Optics
Haonan Ling, Arnab Manna, Jialiang Shen, Ho-Ting Tung, David Sharp, Johannes Froch, Siyuan Dai, Arka Majumdar, Artur R. Davoyan
Summary: This study investigates the interaction between light and matter in van der Waals MoS2 nanophotonic devices and demonstrates deep subwavelength optical field confinement in nanostructures, which has the potential to significantly reduce the size of integrated photonic devices and opto-electronic circuits.