Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zhuoran Fang, Rui Chen, Jiajiu Zheng, Arka Majumdar
Summary: The use of phase change materials in silicon photonics has been gaining attention due to their high refractive index contrast between two states, which can be reversibly switched and non-volatile. Progress has been made in developing photonic switches based on PCM for photonic integrated circuits, showing great potential for future applications in this field.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Amged Alquliah, Mohamed Elkabbash, Jinluo Cheng, Gopal Verma, Chaudry Sajed Saraj, Wei Li, Chunlei Guo
Summary: The study introduces a novel concept for dynamically controlling guided light in the near-visible spectral range using an ultracompact active metasurface, resulting in a reconfigurable and non-volatile (1 x 2) switch. This innovative device features an ultracompact coupling length and high bandwidth compared to other PCM-based switches, with low losses and low cross talk in the near-visible region.
PHOTONICS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Optics
Tianwei Wu, Marco Menarini, Zihe Gao, Liang Feng
Summary: Using spatial light modulator-based lithography-free programmable light transmission, we demonstrate optical switching and a basic photonic neural network. Integrated photonics is crucial for handling increasing data traffic due to its high speed, large bandwidth, and unlimited parallelism. This lithography-free paradigm allows for dynamic control of spatial-temporal modulations of the imaginary index, enabling tailored optical-gain distributions for desired photonic functionality. The resulting programmability and multifunctionality can revolutionize integrated photonic signal processing and enhance information-processing speed.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kun Yin, Yang Gao, Hao Shi, Shiqiang Zhu
Summary: In this study, an ultra-compact integrated optical switch based on phase-change materials (PCMs) is proposed. The device utilizes a pixelated sub-wavelength structure to achieve customized refractive indices, leading to improved performance. The simulation results show that the device has a low insertion loss and a high extinction ratio.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tiantian Li, Yijie Li, Yuteng Wang, Yuxin Liu, Yumeng Liu, Zhan Wang, Ruixia Miao, Dongdong Han, Zhanqiang Hui, Wei Li
Summary: Neuromorphic photonics devices based on phase change materials (PCMs) and silicon photonics technology offer promising solutions to overcome the limitations of traditional spiking neural networks. This review analyzes various PCMs used in neuromorphic devices, comparing their optical properties and discussing their applications. By investigating the integration of different PCMs with silicon-based optoelectronics, potential breakthroughs in computational performance and scalability of photonic spiking neural networks can be identified.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ziquan Xu, Hao Luo, Huanzheng Zhu, Yu Hong, Weidong Shen, Jianping Ding, Sandeep Kaur, Pintu Ghosh, Min Qiu, Qiang Li
Summary: This study demonstrates a nonvolatile optically reconfigurable mid-infrared coding radiative metasurface, which allows for switching peak spectral emissivity values between low and high through laser pulses. Additionally, visible scattering patterns can be independently modulated, showing potential applications in anti-counterfeiting labels and other fields.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Wenfei Li, Chao Qiu, Aimin Wu
Summary: Nonvolatile compact on-chip optical filters with a tunable spectral response have been developed for low-power optical communication systems and applications. By using phase change materials (PCMs) films on a phase-shifted Bragg grating (PSBG), the filter's key parameters, such as center wavelength and extinction ratio, can be simultaneously tuned for filtering or processing purposes. The filter achieved a 9 nm wavelength shift, and amplitude modulations of 16.1 dB in the transmission channel and 42.5 dB in the reflection channel, while keeping the center wavelength unchanged at 1550 nm. This compact device has a size of 500 nm x 31.9 μm and an insertion loss as low as -0.76 dB, making it ideal for large-scale integration. This development opens up new possibilities for next-generation low-power general-purpose photonic integrated circuits (PICs) and has potential applications in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems, spectral shaping, and on-chip signal processors.
IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Optics
Hao Chen, Jiatong Li, Zhenyuan Shang, Guoqing Wang, Ziming Zhang, Zexing Zhao, Mengyu Zhang, Jinde Yin, Jinzhang Wang, Kai Guo, Junbo Yang, Peiguang Yan
Summary: Due to the slowdown of Moore's law, integrated photonic devices have become an important route for the development of large-scale optical communications. Researchers have designed and fabricated an integrated nonlinear optical switch using the inverse-design method, which exhibits significant intensity-dependent transmission at 1.5 μm waveband and has potential applications.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xing Yang, Liangjun Lu, Yu Li, Yue Wu, Ziquan Li, Jianping Chen, Linjie Zhou
Summary: Integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) with phase-change materials offer low power consumption and compact size for reconfigurable photonic processors. However, they suffer from low optical extinction ratio and limited switching cycles due to material loss and poor reversible repeatability. A non-volatile electrically reconfigurable MZI with a low-loss phase-change material (Sb2Se3) encapsulated in Al2O3 layers is demonstrated. By dividing the Sb2Se3 patch into small sub-cells to restrict material reflow, more than 10,000 reversible phase-change cycles and 6-bit multilevel switching states are achieved.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Heidar Keshavarz, S. Esmail Hosseini, Kambiz Jamshidi, Dirk Plettemeier
Summary: In this paper, an integrated microwave photonic reconfigurable mixer, phase shifter, and frequency doubler based on silicon photonics platform is proposed and theoretically investigated. The structure consists of a novel DDMZM and PM, and can be configured for various functions such as phase tunable mixing, double-balanced mixing, up-converting, down-converting, RF frequency doubling, and phase shifting by adjusting optical wavelength and choosing the proper RF hybrid coupler. The proposed structure is theoretically analyzed and verified through simulations.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yedeng Fei, Yin Xu, Dongmei Huang, Yue Dong, Bo Zhang, Yi Ni, P. K. A. Wai
Summary: A reconfigurable silicon waveguide mode conversion scheme based on antimony triselenide was proposed, achieving TE0-to-TE1 mode conversion and reconfigurable conversion with high efficiency and low loss. This scheme could serve as fundamental building blocks for higher-order mode sources in on-chip multimode photonics.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zhifang Luo, Aoxue Zhang, Weixiong Huang, Shuai Shao, Yushuai Liu, Tao Wu, Yi Zou
Summary: Silicon photonics with CMOS compatibility has made significant progress in the past decades and has been widely used in commercial products. To meet the demand for high-fidelity and high-speed optical interconnect, as well as high-resolution sensing and information processing, hybrid integration of existing materials with post-CMOS technology has become crucial. Aluminum nitride (AlN) is a popular piezoelectric material in the field of MEMS and has been studied and integrated into photonic integrated circuits (PICs) in recent years. This review article provides an overview of the properties and processing of AlN thin films, as well as the application of AlN piezoelectric MEMS transducer technologies. Photonic devices on hybrid Si-AlN and pure AlN thin film platforms are also discussed. The article concludes with an outlook on the future development of reconfigurable integrated photonics based on AlN thin films.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ziling Fu, Zhi Wang, Huiying Wang, Rui Jiang, Lanlan Liu, Chongqing Wu, Jian Wang
Summary: The combination of phase-change materials and integrated photonics allows for the development of new all-optical devices. Understanding the fluctuations in refractive index during phase-switching is crucial for optimal device operation. Simulation results show good agreement with calculations, and the crystallization fraction and refractive index change of the PCM cell are investigated. Proper setting of optical pulses is necessary for specific devices.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Changping Zhang, Maoliang Wei, Jun Zheng, Shujun Liu, Hongyuan Cao, Yishu Huang, Ying Tan, Ming Zhang, Yiwei Xie, Zejie Yu, Junying Li, Hui Ye, Lan Li, Hongtao Lin, Huan Li, Yaocheng Shi, Liu Liu, Daoxin Dai
Summary: This study demonstrates nonvolatile multilevel switching of silicon photonic devices with Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) using In2O3 transparent microheaters. By electro-thermally induced phase transitions, repeatable and reversible multilevel modulation of GST is achieved. The precise multilevel phase-change modulation is crucial for the development of nonvolatile reconfigurable switches and variable attenuation devices in large-scale programmable optoelectronic systems.
ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Petr Lazarenko, Vadim Kovalyuk, Pavel An, Sergey Kozyukhin, Viktor Takats, Alexander Golikov, Victoria Glukhenkaya, Yuri Vorobyov, Timur Kulevoy, Aleksey Prokhodtsov, Alexey Sherchenkov, Gregory Goltsman
Summary: Sn doping is an efficient approach to reduce the switching energy of Ge2Sb2Te5, optimize its properties, and enable fully optical multilevel reversible recording.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Johannes E. Froch, Shane Colburn, Alan Zhan, Zheyi Han, Zhuoran Fang, Abhi Saxena, Luocheng Huang, Karl F. Bohringer, Arka Majumdar
Summary: An important challenge in contemporary photonics research is the miniaturization of optical components and devices for more compact and energy-efficient mobile platforms. Arrays of subwavelength scatterers, or meta-optics, provide a solution by shaping and manipulating transmitted optical wavefronts. This paper presents the concept of a computational spectrometer that utilizes a high-efficiency double helix meta-optic and computational back end to accurately reconstruct optical spectra.
Article
Optics
Anna Wirth-Singh, Johannes E. Froch, Zheyi Han, Luocheng Huang, Saswata Mukherjee, Zhihao Zhou, Zachary Coppens, Karl F. Bohringer, Arka Majumdar
Summary: A broad range of imaging and sensing technologies in the infrared require large field-of-view operation. Traditional refractive systems often employ multiple elements to compensate for aberrations, leading to excess size, weight, and cost. Meta-optics, which are significantly thinner and lighter than traditional refractive lenses, can dramatically reduce the size, weight, and cost of these imaging systems. In this paper, an all-silicon meta-optic with an entrance aperture and lens focal length of 1 cm is used to demonstrate 80 degrees FoV thermal imaging in the long-wavelength infrared regime (8-12 μm).
Article
Optics
Forrest Miller, Rui Chen, Johannes E. Froch, Hannah Rarick, Sarah Geiger, Arka Majumdar
Summary: Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) can greatly enhance the capabilities of optical information science and engineering. We propose using wide-bandgap non-volatile phase-change materials (PCMs) to create rewriteable PICs. A nanosecond pulsed laser can be used to write a PCM-based PIC without removing any material. The entire circuit can be erased by heating and a new circuit can be rewritten. Our proposed platform enables low-cost manufacturing and has significant implications for rapid prototyping of PICs, design validation, and photonic education.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rui Chen, Zhuoran Fang, Christopher Perez, Forrest Miller, Khushboo Kumari, Abhi Saxena, Jiajiu Zheng, Sarah J. Geiger, Kenneth E. Goodson, Arka Majumdar
Summary: A wide-bandgap PCM antimony sulfide (Sb2S3)-clad silicon photonic platform is reported, which achieves low loss, high extinction ratio, high cyclability, and 5-bit operation. The Sb2S3-based devices are programmed via on-chip silicon PIN diode heaters within sub-ms timescale, with controllable multilevel operations achieved by applying multiple identical pulses.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Christopher Munley, Arnab Manna, David Sharp, Minho Choi, Hao A. Nguyen, Brandi M. Cossairt, Mo Li, Arthur W. Barnard, Arka Majumdar
Summary: Engineering the dispersion of light in a metasurface enables control of the light-matter interaction, and we demonstrate a metasurface with a flat dispersion at visible wavelengths. By integrating cadmium selenide nanoplatelets, we measured coupled photoluminescence into the flatband. This enables potential applications in nonlinear image processing and topological photonics.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Saswata Mukherjee, Quentin A. A. Tanguy, Johannes E. Froch, Aamod Shanker, Karl F. Bohringer, Steven Brunton, Arka Majumdar
Summary: Ultrathin flat meta-optics have shown promise for holography, but most reported holograms only modulate phase and neglect amplitude. Complex phase modulation typically requires polarization-sensitive meta atoms or complex scatterers. This study demonstrates polarization-independent holography with both amplitude and phase modulation using dielectric meta-optics. The researchers also show that meta-optical holography can be achieved using partially incoherent light from an LED, reducing alignment complexity.
Article
Optics
Thomas Pertsch, Shumin Xiao, Arka Majumdar, Guixin LI
Summary: Optical metasurfaces are a crucial area of research worldwide due to their potential applications in imaging, wavefront engineering, nonlinear optics, and quantum information processing. The feature issue "Optical Metasurfaces: Fundamentals and Applications in Photonics Research" aims to publish and disseminate the latest works in optical metasurfaces among the photonics community.
PHOTONICS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Samuel Pinilla, Johannes E. Froch, Seyyed Reza Miri Rostami, Vladimir Katkovnik, Igor Shevkunov, Arka Majumdar, Karen Egiazarian
Summary: A HIL optics design methodology is used to overcome limitations in the design of miniature color cameras using flat meta-optics. The resulting camera achieves high-quality full-color imaging, outperforming a compound multi-lens optics of a mirrorless commercial camera.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Abhi Saxena, Arnab Manna, Rahul Trivedi, Arka Majumdar
Summary: Photonic coupled cavity arrays have the potential to be a scalable and high-temperature platform for simulating Hamiltonians, but programmability and nonlinearity of photonic cavities are still challenging. In this study, a programmable photonic cavity array made of silicon material is demonstrated, which can control the temperature of each cavity independently, implement tight-binding Hamiltonians in the telecom regime, and reduce the thermal crosstalk between neighboring sites.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Rui Chen, Virat Tara, Anna-wirth Singh, Abhi Saxena, Johannes E. Froch, Matthew S. Reynolds, Arka Majumdar
Summary: This opinion article proposes a novel system that combines energy-efficient modulators in photonic integrated circuits (PICs) with a meta-optical beam aggregator to overcome the challenges of increasing the space-bandwidth product. This hybrid approach can significantly improve the space-bandwidth product, theoretically reaching up to 1013 Hz center dot pixel, which is several orders of magnitude higher than the state-of-the-art.
OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Arka Majumdar, Johannes Froech, Chang-hua Liu, Hui Deng, Donguk Nam, Alexander Tartakovskii
Summary: This article is an introduction to the special issue on photonics with 2D materials.
OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhuoran Fang, Bassem Tossoun, Antoine Descos, Di Liang, Xue Huang, Geza Kurczveil, Arka Majumdar, Raymond G. Beausoleil
Summary: Silicon photonics has become increasingly important in data communication, and programmable silicon photonic integrated circuits now have a non-volatile phase shifter with significantly improved energy efficiency, speed, and endurance. This technology has potential applications in future energy-efficient programmable PICs, optical neural networks, and quantum information processing.
ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Arnab Manna, Johannes E. Froch, John Cenker, Sinabu Pumulo, Arthur W. Barnard, Jiun-Haw Chu, Xiaodong Xu, Arka Majumdar
Summary: Tunablenanophotonic resonators are crucial for material-integrated photonic systems and solid-state cavity quantumelectrodynamic experiments. Matching the cavity resonance with the material optical transition is important for enhancing light-matter interaction, which leads to various phenomena with implications in quantum optics and optoelectronics. However, precise control of the resonant wavelength of nanofabricated optical cavities is challenging, requiring postfabrication dynamical tuning, especially in cryogenic environments. In this study, we achieved large in situ strain tuning of an integrated monolayer WSe2-galliumphosphide cavity device. We successfully tuned an on-substrate cavity with a quality (Q)-factor of approximately 3500 at around 780nm by approximately 5nm without any degradation of the Q-factor at cryogenic temperature. The tunable cavity modes were observed as cavity-enhanced monolayer exciton photoluminescence.
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Zhuoran Fang, Rui Chen, Bassem Tossoun, Stanley Cheung, Di Liang, Arka Majumdar
Summary: Programmable photonics, using non-volatile materials, have become increasingly important in various applications. This review discusses the recent progress and potential applications of non-volatile materials in programmable photonics, serving as a reference for future research directions.
Article
Optics
Haonan Ling, Arnab Manna, Jialiang Shen, Ho-Ting Tung, David Sharp, Johannes Froch, Siyuan Dai, Arka Majumdar, Artur R. Davoyan
Summary: This study investigates the interaction between light and matter in van der Waals MoS2 nanophotonic devices and demonstrates deep subwavelength optical field confinement in nanostructures, which has the potential to significantly reduce the size of integrated photonic devices and opto-electronic circuits.