Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xing Yang, Liangjun Lu, Yu Li, Yue Wu, Ziquan Li, Jianping Chen, Linjie Zhou
Summary: Integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) with phase-change materials offer low power consumption and compact size for reconfigurable photonic processors. However, they suffer from low optical extinction ratio and limited switching cycles due to material loss and poor reversible repeatability. A non-volatile electrically reconfigurable MZI with a low-loss phase-change material (Sb2Se3) encapsulated in Al2O3 layers is demonstrated. By dividing the Sb2Se3 patch into small sub-cells to restrict material reflow, more than 10,000 reversible phase-change cycles and 6-bit multilevel switching states are achieved.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhuoran Fang, Jiajiu Zheng, Abhi Saxena, James Whitehead, Yueyang Chen, Arka Majumdar
Summary: This study experimentally demonstrated the strong optical phase modulation and low optical loss of Sb2S3 at wavelengths of 750 nm and 1550 nm, showcasing the thermal stability of the Sb2S3-Si hybrid platform and an electrically tunable Sb2S3 integrated non-volatile microring switch with a high-contrast transmission state over 30 dB.
ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Optics
Amged Alquliah, Mohamed Elkabbash, Jinluo Cheng, Gopal Verma, Chaudry Sajed Saraj, Wei Li, Chunlei Guo
Summary: The study introduces a novel concept for dynamically controlling guided light in the near-visible spectral range using an ultracompact active metasurface, resulting in a reconfigurable and non-volatile (1 x 2) switch. This innovative device features an ultracompact coupling length and high bandwidth compared to other PCM-based switches, with low losses and low cross talk in the near-visible region.
PHOTONICS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Optics
Srinivasan Radhakrishnan, Ramesh G. J. Sugesh, Gopal T. Raja, Dhamodharan S. Kumar
Summary: The performance analysis of non-volatile 1 x 2 and 2 x 2 switches based on silicon waveguides assisted by phase change material GST was proposed in this study. By optimizing the design and utilizing numerical calculations and mode analysis, switches with low insertion loss, high extinction ratio, and low crosstalk were successfully developed, suitable for various optical and photonics applications.
OPTICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yedeng Fei, Yin Xu, Dongmei Huang, Yue Dong, Bo Zhang, Yi Ni, P. K. A. Wai
Summary: A reconfigurable silicon waveguide mode conversion scheme based on antimony triselenide was proposed, achieving TE0-to-TE1 mode conversion and reconfigurable conversion with high efficiency and low loss. This scheme could serve as fundamental building blocks for higher-order mode sources in on-chip multimode photonics.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tiantian Li, Yijie Li, Yuteng Wang, Yuxin Liu, Yumeng Liu, Zhan Wang, Ruixia Miao, Dongdong Han, Zhanqiang Hui, Wei Li
Summary: Neuromorphic photonics devices based on phase change materials (PCMs) and silicon photonics technology offer promising solutions to overcome the limitations of traditional spiking neural networks. This review analyzes various PCMs used in neuromorphic devices, comparing their optical properties and discussing their applications. By investigating the integration of different PCMs with silicon-based optoelectronics, potential breakthroughs in computational performance and scalability of photonic spiking neural networks can be identified.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Li Zhao, Peng Shi
Summary: A novel method for building nonblocking optical switches on a silicon chip is proposed in this paper. The method is based on a bidirectional merge-replace-mirror approach, offering nonblocking interconnections among multiple inputs and outputs. The critical merits of this method include small footprint, fast circuit-switching, and low power consumption.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Ting Yu Teo, Nanxi Li, Landobasa Y. M. Tobing, Amy Sen Kay Tong, Doris Keh Ting Ng, Zhihao Ren, Chengkuo Lee, Lennon Yao Ting Lee, Robert E. Simpson
Summary: This study demonstrates the influence of (ZnS)(0.8-)(SiO2)(0.2) capping layers on the performance of Sb2S3 and Ag-doped Sb2S3 integrated photonic devices. At least 30 nm of capping material is necessary to protect the material from sulfur loss. The capping layer can be used to tune the PCM crystallization temperature and reduce device footprint.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ziquan Xu, Hao Luo, Huanzheng Zhu, Yu Hong, Weidong Shen, Jianping Ding, Sandeep Kaur, Pintu Ghosh, Min Qiu, Qiang Li
Summary: This study demonstrates a nonvolatile optically reconfigurable mid-infrared coding radiative metasurface, which allows for switching peak spectral emissivity values between low and high through laser pulses. Additionally, visible scattering patterns can be independently modulated, showing potential applications in anti-counterfeiting labels and other fields.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Wenfei Li, Chao Qiu, Aimin Wu
Summary: Nonvolatile compact on-chip optical filters with a tunable spectral response have been developed for low-power optical communication systems and applications. By using phase change materials (PCMs) films on a phase-shifted Bragg grating (PSBG), the filter's key parameters, such as center wavelength and extinction ratio, can be simultaneously tuned for filtering or processing purposes. The filter achieved a 9 nm wavelength shift, and amplitude modulations of 16.1 dB in the transmission channel and 42.5 dB in the reflection channel, while keeping the center wavelength unchanged at 1550 nm. This compact device has a size of 500 nm x 31.9 μm and an insertion loss as low as -0.76 dB, making it ideal for large-scale integration. This development opens up new possibilities for next-generation low-power general-purpose photonic integrated circuits (PICs) and has potential applications in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems, spectral shaping, and on-chip signal processors.
IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jacek Gosciniak
Summary: A new platform for nonvolatile optical switching devices utilizing plasmonics and chalcogenide phase change materials is proposed. The combination of high field confinement and multi-state programming capabilities results in reduced energy consumption and improved performance in terms of switching time, attenuation contrast, and phase shift. The proposed plasmonic waveguide arrangement is highly sensitive to changes in phase change material properties.
IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jitendra K. Behera, Kuan Liu, Meng Lian, Tun Cao
Summary: The article presents a reconfigurable HMM perfect absorber based on alternating gold and GST225 layers for the near-infrared region, showing a red-shift of the absorptance peak and omnidirectional, polarization-independent characteristics. The absorptance peak can be reversibly switched in just five nanoseconds by changing the state of GST225.
NANOSCALE ADVANCES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Santiago Garcia-Cuevas Carrillo, Alessio Lugnan, Emanuele Gemo, Peter Bienstman, Wolfram H. P. Pernice, Harish Bhaskaran, C. David Wright
Summary: Researchers have developed a compact behavioral model for integrated phase-change photonic devices, which allows fast system-level simulations and accurate representation of real device characteristics. This model can be easily integrated with commercially available simulation software for photonic integrated circuits, enabling the design, simulation, and optimization of large-scale phase-change photonics systems.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Optics
Wencheng Yue, Yan Cai, Mingbin Yu
Summary: With the emergence of 5G, AI, IoT, cloud computing, Internet plus, etc., the demand for information transmission and switching is increasing due to exploding data traffic. Traditional switching methods require additional power consumption and cooling equipment, while facing challenges such as bandwidth, delay, and crosstalk. Optical switching, particularly silicon photonic switches, provide a potential solution with lower power consumption, larger capacity, and lower cost. This review focuses on the principle and current developments of 2 x 2 silicon photonic switches, including electro-optic, thermo-optic, and nonvolatile switches assisted by phase-change materials.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zhihai Liu, Xiang Li, Yu Zhang, Wei Jin, Yaxun Zhang, Siying Cheng, Yaru Li, Libo Yuan
Summary: In this study, an all-optical controllable switch device with non-volatile, broadband adjustable, and bistable fast switching performance was proposed and demonstrated by integrating the phase-change material onto the optical fiber. This device is expected to enable fast and broadband optical routing and provide new storage and computing functionalities to optical fibers in the future.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Johannes E. Froch, Shane Colburn, Alan Zhan, Zheyi Han, Zhuoran Fang, Abhi Saxena, Luocheng Huang, Karl F. Bohringer, Arka Majumdar
Summary: An important challenge in contemporary photonics research is the miniaturization of optical components and devices for more compact and energy-efficient mobile platforms. Arrays of subwavelength scatterers, or meta-optics, provide a solution by shaping and manipulating transmitted optical wavefronts. This paper presents the concept of a computational spectrometer that utilizes a high-efficiency double helix meta-optic and computational back end to accurately reconstruct optical spectra.
Article
Optics
Anna Wirth-Singh, Johannes E. Froch, Zheyi Han, Luocheng Huang, Saswata Mukherjee, Zhihao Zhou, Zachary Coppens, Karl F. Bohringer, Arka Majumdar
Summary: A broad range of imaging and sensing technologies in the infrared require large field-of-view operation. Traditional refractive systems often employ multiple elements to compensate for aberrations, leading to excess size, weight, and cost. Meta-optics, which are significantly thinner and lighter than traditional refractive lenses, can dramatically reduce the size, weight, and cost of these imaging systems. In this paper, an all-silicon meta-optic with an entrance aperture and lens focal length of 1 cm is used to demonstrate 80 degrees FoV thermal imaging in the long-wavelength infrared regime (8-12 μm).
Article
Optics
Forrest Miller, Rui Chen, Johannes E. Froch, Hannah Rarick, Sarah Geiger, Arka Majumdar
Summary: Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) can greatly enhance the capabilities of optical information science and engineering. We propose using wide-bandgap non-volatile phase-change materials (PCMs) to create rewriteable PICs. A nanosecond pulsed laser can be used to write a PCM-based PIC without removing any material. The entire circuit can be erased by heating and a new circuit can be rewritten. Our proposed platform enables low-cost manufacturing and has significant implications for rapid prototyping of PICs, design validation, and photonic education.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rui Chen, Zhuoran Fang, Christopher Perez, Forrest Miller, Khushboo Kumari, Abhi Saxena, Jiajiu Zheng, Sarah J. Geiger, Kenneth E. Goodson, Arka Majumdar
Summary: A wide-bandgap PCM antimony sulfide (Sb2S3)-clad silicon photonic platform is reported, which achieves low loss, high extinction ratio, high cyclability, and 5-bit operation. The Sb2S3-based devices are programmed via on-chip silicon PIN diode heaters within sub-ms timescale, with controllable multilevel operations achieved by applying multiple identical pulses.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Christopher Munley, Arnab Manna, David Sharp, Minho Choi, Hao A. Nguyen, Brandi M. Cossairt, Mo Li, Arthur W. Barnard, Arka Majumdar
Summary: Engineering the dispersion of light in a metasurface enables control of the light-matter interaction, and we demonstrate a metasurface with a flat dispersion at visible wavelengths. By integrating cadmium selenide nanoplatelets, we measured coupled photoluminescence into the flatband. This enables potential applications in nonlinear image processing and topological photonics.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Saswata Mukherjee, Quentin A. A. Tanguy, Johannes E. Froch, Aamod Shanker, Karl F. Bohringer, Steven Brunton, Arka Majumdar
Summary: Ultrathin flat meta-optics have shown promise for holography, but most reported holograms only modulate phase and neglect amplitude. Complex phase modulation typically requires polarization-sensitive meta atoms or complex scatterers. This study demonstrates polarization-independent holography with both amplitude and phase modulation using dielectric meta-optics. The researchers also show that meta-optical holography can be achieved using partially incoherent light from an LED, reducing alignment complexity.
Article
Optics
Thomas Pertsch, Shumin Xiao, Arka Majumdar, Guixin LI
Summary: Optical metasurfaces are a crucial area of research worldwide due to their potential applications in imaging, wavefront engineering, nonlinear optics, and quantum information processing. The feature issue "Optical Metasurfaces: Fundamentals and Applications in Photonics Research" aims to publish and disseminate the latest works in optical metasurfaces among the photonics community.
PHOTONICS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Samuel Pinilla, Johannes E. Froch, Seyyed Reza Miri Rostami, Vladimir Katkovnik, Igor Shevkunov, Arka Majumdar, Karen Egiazarian
Summary: A HIL optics design methodology is used to overcome limitations in the design of miniature color cameras using flat meta-optics. The resulting camera achieves high-quality full-color imaging, outperforming a compound multi-lens optics of a mirrorless commercial camera.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Abhi Saxena, Arnab Manna, Rahul Trivedi, Arka Majumdar
Summary: Photonic coupled cavity arrays have the potential to be a scalable and high-temperature platform for simulating Hamiltonians, but programmability and nonlinearity of photonic cavities are still challenging. In this study, a programmable photonic cavity array made of silicon material is demonstrated, which can control the temperature of each cavity independently, implement tight-binding Hamiltonians in the telecom regime, and reduce the thermal crosstalk between neighboring sites.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Rui Chen, Virat Tara, Anna-wirth Singh, Abhi Saxena, Johannes E. Froch, Matthew S. Reynolds, Arka Majumdar
Summary: This opinion article proposes a novel system that combines energy-efficient modulators in photonic integrated circuits (PICs) with a meta-optical beam aggregator to overcome the challenges of increasing the space-bandwidth product. This hybrid approach can significantly improve the space-bandwidth product, theoretically reaching up to 1013 Hz center dot pixel, which is several orders of magnitude higher than the state-of-the-art.
OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Arka Majumdar, Johannes Froech, Chang-hua Liu, Hui Deng, Donguk Nam, Alexander Tartakovskii
Summary: This article is an introduction to the special issue on photonics with 2D materials.
OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhuoran Fang, Bassem Tossoun, Antoine Descos, Di Liang, Xue Huang, Geza Kurczveil, Arka Majumdar, Raymond G. Beausoleil
Summary: Silicon photonics has become increasingly important in data communication, and programmable silicon photonic integrated circuits now have a non-volatile phase shifter with significantly improved energy efficiency, speed, and endurance. This technology has potential applications in future energy-efficient programmable PICs, optical neural networks, and quantum information processing.
ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Arnab Manna, Johannes E. Froch, John Cenker, Sinabu Pumulo, Arthur W. Barnard, Jiun-Haw Chu, Xiaodong Xu, Arka Majumdar
Summary: Tunablenanophotonic resonators are crucial for material-integrated photonic systems and solid-state cavity quantumelectrodynamic experiments. Matching the cavity resonance with the material optical transition is important for enhancing light-matter interaction, which leads to various phenomena with implications in quantum optics and optoelectronics. However, precise control of the resonant wavelength of nanofabricated optical cavities is challenging, requiring postfabrication dynamical tuning, especially in cryogenic environments. In this study, we achieved large in situ strain tuning of an integrated monolayer WSe2-galliumphosphide cavity device. We successfully tuned an on-substrate cavity with a quality (Q)-factor of approximately 3500 at around 780nm by approximately 5nm without any degradation of the Q-factor at cryogenic temperature. The tunable cavity modes were observed as cavity-enhanced monolayer exciton photoluminescence.
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Zhuoran Fang, Rui Chen, Bassem Tossoun, Stanley Cheung, Di Liang, Arka Majumdar
Summary: Programmable photonics, using non-volatile materials, have become increasingly important in various applications. This review discusses the recent progress and potential applications of non-volatile materials in programmable photonics, serving as a reference for future research directions.
Article
Optics
Haonan Ling, Arnab Manna, Jialiang Shen, Ho-Ting Tung, David Sharp, Johannes Froch, Siyuan Dai, Arka Majumdar, Artur R. Davoyan
Summary: This study investigates the interaction between light and matter in van der Waals MoS2 nanophotonic devices and demonstrates deep subwavelength optical field confinement in nanostructures, which has the potential to significantly reduce the size of integrated photonic devices and opto-electronic circuits.