Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Robson Coutinho-Silva, Luiz Eduardo Baggio Savio
Summary: Purinergic signalling is a conserved pathway mediated by extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides, activating host innate immune defense mechanisms during intracellular pathogen infections.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Laurence Don Wai Luu, Nadeem O. Kaakoush, Natalia Castano-Rodriguez
Summary: Macroautophagy/autophagy is a crucial cell process for human health, and ATG16L2, a protein related to autophagy, plays a significant role in various cancers and chronic diseases. However, there is still limited research on ATG16L2, and its function in autophagy remains unknown.
Article
Cell Biology
David Hargitai, Lili Kenez, Muna Al-Lami, Gyozo Szenczi, Peter Lorincz, Gabor Juhasz
Summary: Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process that cells use as a defense mechanism to eliminate intracellular pathogens. Wolbachia pipientis, a common intracellular bacterium, behaves both as a parasite and endosymbiont, providing host resistance against other pathogens and modulating lifespan. Autophagy in Drosophila cells selectively degrades Wolbachia, controlling its propagation and preventing overpopulation in aging animals.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jia Xuan Leong, Margot Raffeiner, Daniela Spinti, Gautier Langin, Mirita Franz-Wachtel, Andrew R. Guzman, Jung-Gun Kim, Pooja Pandey, Alyona E. Minina, Boris Macek, Anders Hafren, Tolga O. Bozkurt, Mary Beth Mudgett, Frederik Boernke, Daniel Hofius, Suayib Uestuen
Summary: Autophagy plays a crucial role in plant-bacteria interactions, where antimicrobial autophagy degrades intracellular pathogens and reveals a pathogen strategy of escaping elimination by hijacking the autophagy mechanism.
Article
Microbiology
Bo Liu, Yan Yan, Xiaoreng Wang, Nannan Chen, Jue Wu
Summary: This study reveals that locally generated C3 inhibits autophagy in macrophages and influences the clearance of T. gondii. This process is associated with mTOR and C3a.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Anna K. Riebisch, Sabrina Muehlen, Yan Yan Beer, Ingo Schmitz
Summary: Autophagy is a crucial cellular process for maintaining cellular homeostasis and responding to intracellular pathogens. While some bacteria utilize autophagy for their own benefit, others have developed mechanisms to evade autophagy.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ryan G. Gaudet, Shiwei Zhu, Anushka Halder, Bae-Hoon Kim, Clinton J. Bradfield, Shuai Huang, Dijin Xu, Agnieszka Maminska, Thanh Ngoc Nguyen, Michael Lazarou, Erdem Karatekin, Kallol Gupta, John D. MacMicking
Summary: Activation of cell-autonomous defense by IFN-gamma induces the expression of APOL3, which acts as a potent bactericidal agent protecting non-immune barrier cell types against infection. This reveals a novel mechanism through which human cells can achieve sterilizing immunity.
Review
Immunology
Sen Kang, Anna Dai, Huiming Wang, Pei-Hui Ding
Summary: This article discusses the interaction between autophagy and inflammation caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis infection, aiming to elaborate on the possible mechanism involved in the interaction.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ishita Tripathi-Giesgen, Christian Behrends, Arno F. Alpi
Summary: The ubiquitin system plays a crucial role in the host cellular defense program against bacterial infection, especially when certain bacteria are exposed to the host cytosol during invasion. Host cell E3 ubiquitin ligases contribute to the formation of a protective ubiquitin coat on invading pathogens, with their divergent ubiquitin conjugation mechanisms influencing the complexity of the anti-bacterial coating. Bacteria have evolved strategies to evade the activities of the host ubiquitin system.
Article
Cell Biology
Mohd Shariq, Neha Quadir, Javaid Ahmad Sheikh, Alok Kumar Singh, William R. Bishai, Nasreen Z. Ehtesham, Seyed E. Hasnain
Summary: The host utilizes ubiquitin pathway to combat intracellular pathogens, while pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis exploit this pathway to dampen host innate immune response.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paivi Yla-Anttila
Summary: Activation of autophagy during viral infections is part of the innate immune response, involving sequestration and degradation of foreign components. Specialized cargo receptors are required for selective elimination of foreign components, which pathogens can evade to promote their replication. Recent research highlights the importance of autophagic receptors as a target for viral autophagy inhibition in virus-host interactions.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Huntly M. Morrison, Julia Craft, Rafael Rivera-Lugo, Jeffery R. Johnson, Guillaume R. Golovkine, Samantha L. Bell, Claire E. Dodd, Erik Van Dis, Wandy L. Beatty, Shally R. Margolis, Teresa Repasy, Isaac Shaker, Angus Y. Lee, Russell E. Vance, Sarah A. Stanley, Robert O. Watson, Nevan J. Krogan, Daniel A. Portnoy, Bennett H. Penn, Jeffery S. Cox
Summary: Intracellular bacterial pathogens rely on damaging host cell membranes for nutrient access, but this also triggers immune responses. Galectin-3, -8, and -9 recognize membrane damage and activate autophagy. However, their role in vivo during bacterial infection remains unclear. In this study, mice lacking Gal-3, -8, and -9 showed no defects in acute infection resistance but had impaired autophagy and modest susceptibility to chronic infection.
Article
Immunology
Marc Herb, Alexander Gluschko, Alina Farid, Martin Kroenke
Summary: Macrophages use various autophagy pathways, such as LAP, PINCA, and xenophagy, to eliminate bacteria. These pathways employ different mechanisms to destroy bacterial pathogens or recapture bacteria that evade destruction.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Yinjuan Song, Xin Ge, Yulan Chen, Tariq Hussain, Zhengmin Liang, Yuhui Dong, Yuanzhi Wang, Chengyuan Tang, Xiangmei Zhou
Summary: Mitophagy, a selective autophagy mechanism for eliminating damaged mitochondria, plays a crucial role in immune evasion. Mycobacterium bovis utilizes host mitophagy to suppress xenophagy, enhancing its intracellular survival. The PINK1-PRKN/Parkin pathway is involved in M. bovis-induced mitophagy, with inhibition of mitophagy restricting bacterial survival in macrophages and mouse lungs. Induction of mitophagy competes with host xenophagy, highlighting a new insight into the intracellular survival mechanism of M. bovis.
Review
Cell Biology
Devesh C. Pant, Taras Y. Nazarko
Summary: Selective autophagy is the specific elimination of certain intracellular substrates through autophagic pathways. Zebrafish has been recognized as an excellent model for studying these processes, shedding light on the understanding of selective autophagy mechanisms.