Article
Area Studies
Nurhan Davutyan
Summary: This article discusses the development of 'modern' banking in the core Ottoman lands during the latter half of the nineteenth century. It argues that there was considerable local financial sophistication even before European entry in 1856. The success of Ottoman banking was attributed to the enhanced security provided by European financial ties. The competition between the Banque Imperiale Ottomane and local banking networks played a significant role in the economic and fiscal occurrences of that period. The interactions between the 'South African Gold Panic of Autumn 1895' and the unfolding 'Armenian Crisis' also contributed to the domination of European banks in the Ottoman capital markets.
JOURNAL OF BALKAN AND NEAR EASTERN STUDIES
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Valeriy V. Suvorov, Anton R. Kiselev, Alexander S. Fedonnikov
Summary: From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, there was a growing interest in Tibetan medicine in the Russian scientific community, leading to conflicting attitudes in Russian society. While there was an increasing curiosity towards the theoretical foundations and practical aspects of Tibetan medicine, there was also controversy surrounding the comparison between Western scientific medicine and Tibetan medical treatment.
Article
Cultural Studies
Paul Michael Kurtz
Summary: This article explores the construction of philology as a premier science in 19th-century Europe, emphasizing its historical complexity and relational network. It argues that philology concealed diversity and projected unity, seemingly transcending its material conditions.
Review
Biodiversity Conservation
Prakash Kumar Paudel, Shishila Baniya, Shyam Sharma, Simrik Bhandari, Manoj Pokharel
Summary: Scientific research on biodiversity and conservation is important for achieving sustainability goals, but the knowledge gap and biases in literature hinder progress in conservation. A review of articles published in Nepal over the past fifty-six years revealed trends in research patterns and biases in taxonomic groups, physiographic regions, and research authorship. There is a need for more efforts to support local researchers and prioritize empirical science for informed decision-making.
BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Lindsay Paterson
Summary: This study analyzed the relationship between students' entry to higher education and the history or status of the secondary school they attended using school leavers' surveys in Scotland from the early 1950s to the late 1990s. The findings suggest that the distinctive characteristics of different types of institutions can modify inequality.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION
(2021)
Article
History
Manimporok Dotulong
Summary: In the 1880s, Japanese fishers left Japan for Southeast Asia and Australasia in search of bluer waters, establishing transoceanic connections based on their knowledge of nature and developing a nature-centric global connectivity concept.
Article
Area Studies
Luis Gabriel Galan-Guerrero
Summary: This article explores the gathering and transmission of political information in Colombia during the late 19th century. While previous research has mainly focused on the press, few historians have looked into other forms of information like telegrams, rumors, and letters, and how Colombians combined them. By examining how different forms of information circulated through various networks, this study provides a new perspective on communication in Colombia. It argues that this period saw an increase in information circulation due to social, political, and economic changes, as well as the integration of oral and written practices.
JOURNAL OF LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES
(2023)
Article
History
Hugo Silveira Pereira
Summary: This article analyzes the impact of Portuguese railway construction in the 19th century on communication, trade, and economic development, as well as the process of building Portugal as a modern nation, emphasizing the role of railways in territorial appropriation, circulation, and globalization.
SOCIAL SCIENCE HISTORY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Akihiro Mine, Sawako Okamoto, Tomoya Myojin, Miki Hamada, Tomoaki Imamura
Summary: While the availability of genetically modified (GM) food has increased worldwide, its acceptance remains low. This study aimed to determine the influence of basic biology education on the acceptance of GM food in Japan. Online questionnaires were distributed to 1,594 people, with 1,122 valid responses obtained. Results showed that the acceptance rates of GM vegetables, fish, and meat were relatively low. High school biology education did not directly affect acceptance of GM foods, suggesting that factors other than education play a role in people's attitudes towards GM foods.
Review
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Ali Nosrat, Omid Dianat, Prashant Verma, Donald R. Nixdorf, Alan S. Law
Summary: This study found that research on postoperative pain shows some clear trends, including a positive trend for systematic reviews, studies with sample sizes <200, single-visit treatments, and clinical trials on instrumentation and adjunct treatments; and a negative trend for the use of numeric rating scales, multiple-visit treatments, medication/medicament clinical trials, and studies on pain in maxillary incisors. Factors such as longer observation periods and pulpal diagnoses do not show significant impact on research trends.
JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS
(2021)
Article
Business, Finance
John P. Tang, Sergi Basco
Summary: This study investigates how local credit supply affects economic dynamism using historical data from Japan and new genealogical firm-level data. The findings show that the lifespan of firms decreases with bank capital, and regions with abundant capital have more firm creation and destruction. These effects are more pronounced in the manufacturing sector, while service sector firms experience no change in longevity and have fewer new creations. The results suggest that samurai bonds facilitated the emergence of banking, easing firms' financial constraints and driving more capital-intensive investment and economic dynamism.
JOURNAL OF BANKING & FINANCE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
L. Schneider, O. Konter, J. Esper, K. J. Anchukaitis
Summary: Since the Paris Agreement, there has been a focus on the 1.5°C and 2°C maximum global warming targets. However, there is no formal definition of the pre-industrial temperature baseline for these targets. This study evaluates nineteenth-century baseline temperatures using instrumental observations and climate reconstructions. The findings suggest that there may be an overestimation of nineteenth-century temperatures, which could reduce the probability of achieving the Paris targets.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Lindsay Paterson
Summary: Scotland serves as a valuable case study on the expansion of scientific and mathematical education in the twentieth century. The inclusion of natural science in secondary school curriculum at an early stage and the subsequent efforts to cater to all students have contributed to widening access to science and mathematics. Additionally, the unique surveys of school students conducted throughout the second half of the century provide further insights into the impact of educational changes on student engagement with science and mathematics.
RESEARCH PAPERS IN EDUCATION
(2022)
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Liv Grjebine
Summary: This essay investigates the reception of Darwinism in the popular press in France and reveals that in 1878, Darwinism was widely discussed and linked to a sensational murder case. The competing factions of the press used the case to promote their political agendas, bringing Darwinism into the public eye. The essay argues that Charles Darwin's instrumentalization was crucial in spreading his theory in French society.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jianyu Liu, Yiyong Luo, Fukai Liu
Summary: This study investigates the contributions of greenhouse gases, aerosols, and ozone forcings to the differences in temperature changes between the Arctic and Antarctic using a simulation model. The results show that greenhouse gases and aerosols have larger effects on the temperature changes in the Arctic compared to the Antarctic. However, these effects oppose each other, resulting in limited warming in the Arctic and a small asymmetry between the two polar regions. Furthermore, the ozone forcing has minimal impact on surface temperature changes in the polar regions.
GEOSCIENCE LETTERS
(2022)
