Review
Cell Biology
Rui Han, Yanting Liu, Shihua Li, Xiao-Jiang Li, Weili Yang
Summary: Mitophagy is an important intracellular process that removes damaged mitochondria to prevent neuronal degeneration. The role of PINK1 in mitophagy has been extensively studied, but discrepancies exist due to different experimental models.
Article
Cell Biology
Zeyu Zhu, Junfeng Lu, Shuyi Wang, Weijia Peng, Yang Yang, Chen Chen, Xin Zhou, Xifei Yang, Wenjun Xin, Xinyi Chen, Jiakai Pi, Wei Yin, Lin Yao, Rongbiao Pi
Summary: This study found that acrolein can induce synaptic damage and cognitive dysfunction via the RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway. Inhibiting ROCK2 can improve acrolein-induced synaptic damage and cognitive dysfunction, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits for early AD.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Hayder M. Al-Kuraishy, Ali I. Al-Gareeb, Abdulrahman A. Alsayegh, Wafaa Fouzi Abusudah, Najlaa Hamed Almohmadi, Omayma A. Eldahshan, Eman A. Ahmed, Gaber El -Saber Batiha
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common form of dementia characterized by the presence of amyloid beta plaques and tau-neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. The neurotransmitter GABA is reduced in AD, and benzodiazepines (BDZs) that restore GABA effect may have positive effects on AD outcomes. However, the use of BDZs in elderly AD patients with sleep disorders may adversely affect cognitive functions.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ramesh Pariyar, Tonking Bastola, Dae Ho Lee, Jungwon Seo
Summary: The anti-diabetic drug vildagliptin has been found to have protective effects against motor dysfunction caused by Parkinson's disease (PD), potentially through the regulation of PI3k/Akt, ERK, and JNK signaling pathways.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Lan Yang, Jiayu Lu, Dandan Li, Jie Xiang, Ting Yan, Jie Sun, Bin Wang
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disease that is difficult to assess. Large-scale brain dynamics models have recently been developed to bridge the gap between anatomical structure and functional dynamics and assist in understanding the brain mechanism. These models have been widely used to explain the emergence of neuroimaging biomarkers associated with AD and hold potential for advancing clinical neuroscience.
Article
Biology
Kyriaki Savva, Margarita Zachariou, Demos Kynigopoulos, Eleni Fella, Maria-Ioanna Vitali, Xeni Kosofidou, Michail Spyrou, Irene Sargiannidou, Elena Panayiotou, Nikolas Dietis, George M. M. Spyrou
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease with no effective disease modifying treatment. This study tested the effects of top candidate repurposed drugs proposed in previous research on AD in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Two compounds (clomiphene citrate and Pik-90) showed significant inhibition against the BACE1 enzyme, while tetrabenazine (TBZ) did not produce significant effects in behavioral tests and A beta 40 immunoassay in AD mice. These findings suggest further investigation of clomiphene citrate and Pik-90 as potential treatment options for AD.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sana Ayyoub, Ramon Orriols, Eduardo Oliver, Olga Tura Ceide
Summary: Occlusions in blood vessels caused by blood clots, known as thrombosis, and their consequences contribute significantly to global morbidity and mortality. In vitro and in vivo thrombosis models have enhanced our understanding of the intricate pathways involved in its development and facilitated the evaluation of potential therapeutic approaches. This review provides an overview of commonly used methods to induce thrombosis in vivo and in vitro, without delving into specific protocols or mechanisms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Simon Maksour, Lezanne Ooi
Summary: Microglia play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through specific or predominant expression of risk factor genes. Studies on human tissue and animal models have shown that microglia undergo significant morphological and phenotypic changes during AD progression. However, limitations exist due to the representation of a single time point or lack of conservation between species. Recent innovations, such as the use of pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia, transdifferentiation of patient monocytes, and xenotransplantation into mouse brains, have advanced our understanding of microglia in AD. This review outlines the strengths and limitations of these approaches and provides recommendations for future research.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rafael Borges Rosa, Emilene Ferreira de Castro, Murilo Vieira da Silva, Denise Caroline Paiva Ferreira, Ana Carolina Gomes Jardim, Igor Andrade Santos, Mikaela dos Santos Marinho, Flavia Batista Ferreira Franca, Lindomar Jose Pena
Summary: The emergence and rapid spread of monkeypox virus (MPXV) outside of endemic areas during the COVID-19 pandemic has created a global health emergency. Scientists have been working on developing in vitro and in vivo models for MPXV research. In vitro models, including 2D and 3D cultures, are cost-effective and can be controlled, but may not fully represent physiological conditions. Therefore, in vivo models are being characterized to meet the demand for studying MPXV. This review summarizes the existing MPXV models and discusses their contributions to understanding pathogenesis, replication, transmission, and antiviral treatment.
Article
Neurosciences
Mei Hong Zhu, Aditi H. Jogdand, Jinyoung Jang, Sai C. Nagella, Brati Das, Milena M. Milosevic, Riqiang Yan, Srdjan D. Antic
Summary: This study used a genetically-encoded voltage indicator (GEVI) to detect synaptic dysfunction in an AD mouse model. The results showed that the AD mice had hyperexcitability before the formation of plaques and synaptic weakening after the plaques accumulated.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Chong Zeng, Xingjun Meng, Dongmei Mai, Kai Xu, Shaogang Qu
Summary: The study revealed the neuroprotective roles of miR-132-3p in an AD mouse model, showing improvements in spatial memory deficits, reduction of amyloid plaque accumulation and apoptosis, and promotion of hippocampal cell numbers. Additionally, TSA was found to increase the expression level of miR-132-3p in neurons burdened with Aβ1-42, leading to higher levels of synaptic proteins. The results suggest that miR-132-3p may be a promising therapeutic target for AD treatment.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Roberta Lotti, Claudio Giacinto Atene, Emma Dorotea Zanfi, Matteo Bertesi, Tommaso Zanocco-Marani
Summary: Pemphigus is a life-threatening autoimmune disease characterized by pathogenic autoantibodies targeting specific desmoglein proteins, leading to keratinocyte separation. Various disease models, including in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo mouse models, allow for testing different hypotheses regarding disease initiation and evaluating the efficacy of experimental therapies. These models also help in assessing the pathogenicity of specific Pemphigus autoantibodies and investigating previously unidentified autoantigens.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Manoj Kumar, Suraj Prakash, Radha, Jose M. Lorenzo, Deepak Chandran, Sangram Dhumal, Abhijit Dey, Marisennayya Senapathy, Nadeem Rais, Surinder Singh, Phillip Kalkreuter, Rahul D. Damale, Suman Natta, Marthandan Vishvanathan, Sangeetha Kizhakkumkara Sathyaseelan, Sureshkumar Rajalingam, Sabareeshwari Viswanathan, Yasodha Murugesan, Muthamilselvan Muthukumar, Aravind Jayaraman, Murugasridevi Kalirajan, Samy Selim, Ryszard Amarowicz, Mohamed Mekhemar
Summary: Periodontal diseases, affecting a significant percentage of the global population, can be effectively treated using honeybee products due to their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. However, more randomized clinical trials are needed to assess their long-term effectiveness.
Article
Neurosciences
Kubra Celik Topkara, Erkan Kilinc, Ayhan Cetinkaya, Aslihan Saylan, Serif Demir
Summary: Carvacrol, a multi-target pharmacological agent, shows promising therapeutic effects in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease by enhancing cell viability, reducing oxidative stress, and improving cognitive impairment. Through experiments, it was found to effectively prevent beta-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity and memory deficits.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chaoyang Liu, Zehua Liu, Yanyan Fang, Zizhuo Liao, Zhibing Zhang, Xin Yuan, Ting Yu, Yunying Yang, Min Xiong, Xingyu Zhang, Guoxin Zhang, Lanxia Meng, Zhentao Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the toxic effects and underlying mechanisms of the fungicide maneb on dopaminergic cell degeneration and alpha-synuclein. It is found that maneb induces cell apoptosis through the activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and the PKA/CREB signaling pathway. These findings provide new insights into the neurotoxicity of maneb.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2023)